• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.224-232
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• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the improvement of water-logging injury which is an important factor of yield loss in sesame. Water-logging was treated at 10, 25, 40, 55 and 70 days after emergence for 24, 48 and 72 hours in sesame variety 'Ansanggae'. Some important agronomic characters were investigated after treatment. The important agronomic characters such as plant height, leaf area, dry matter weight, capsule setting stem length, number of capsules per plant, ripenning rate and 1,000 grain weight were most susceptible at 55 days after emergence by the water-logging treatment, and the longer period of water-logging, the more susceptible. Allmost of the useful agronomic characters were able to get over injury of water-logging only within 25days after emergence, but could not get it over since 40days. Grain yield was decreased due to the water-logging treatment by 69 to 86% in 55 days after emergence that is most susceptible stage for water-logging as compared with the untreated control which is 13g per pot, and the longer period of water-logging induced the lower yield. Oil content of grain showed significant decrease only in 55 days after emergence but the composition of fatty acid did not influenced by the water-logging.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 1988

Experiments were conducted to find out the method of reducing viviparous germination of rice seeds using growth regulators during grain filling period. Among the recommended varieties, early Japonica type showed higher rate of viviparous germination, while late Japonica type and Tongil type varieties did not show viviparous germination in field condition. Grain showed high germination ability from 30 days of grain filling period in Daeseongbyeo of Japonica type and 35 days in Taebackbyeo of Tongil type. Growth regulators, NAA, CMH and Reglone were effective for reducing viviparous germination to the two rice varieties and three treatment stages in this experiment. NAA and CMH were most effective at 100 ppm and Reglone was at 0.4-0.6% concentration. Germination rates of rice seed were not different from non-treatment when NAA CMH were treated, while Reglone lowered germination rate. NAA and CMH had no effects on grain filling rate for both varieties, which showed high grain filling rate as the non-treatment, but Reglone results low grain filling rate. Grain color was not changes when NAA was applied, while CMH and Reglone made a lot of grain to dark brown as the concentration became higher. When grain were hulled, NAA had no difference with the non-treatment whereas CMH and Reglone had lower rate of perfect brown rice when they were applied at 20-30 days after heading.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.528-533
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• 1992

Soybean seeds contain lipoxygenase, which is responsible for the objectionable beany flavors in soybean seeds. The isozymes of lipoxygenase (1$\times$1, 1$\times$2, 1$\times$3) were discovered in United States of America, Japan, and Korea, and the mode of inheritance of the mutant genes was determined. This investigation was conducted to screen lipoxygenase-1, 2, and 3 lacking soybean lines from the Korean soybean land race population. Two lipoxygenase-1lacking lines, KAS 610-8 and KAS 621-8 were found in this investigation. In general, lipoxygenase acking varieties were small in seed size and low in oil content. A severe pod borer damage was observed in the two selected lipoxygenase-1 lacking lines. Lipoxygenase lacking line was not found in Korean wild soybean population used in this study and the lipoxygenase lacking lines were found only in Kyung-Nam province and the results imply that lipoxygenase lacking mutants were induced recently in cultivars.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.277-286
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• 1985

From a series of studies conducted on the local maize lines at the Agr. College of the Chungnam National Univ., a few maize lines with many tillers and ears per plant were identified and tentatively named as MET. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the MET lines, which were selfed for five generations, for silage purpose under the different plant densities. A hybrid, Suwon #19 and a synthetic variety, Puyo #3${\times}$#2, were included for comparison. Plant height at harvesting times showed no significant varietal differences. However, the MET lines were very slow in early plant growth compared to the hybrid or synthetic variety, probably due to inbreeding depression of the MET lines. Total fresh weight at the harvesting times was highest in the MET 1 line. The MET 1 line was about 2,000 kgr. per 10a. higher than the hybrid at the harvesting time. The highest fresh weight was obtained when grown under the plant density of 60 ${\times}$ 20cm. Total dry weight per unit area showed the same tendency as the fresh weight. Total dry weight of MET 1 line was about 2.4 tons per 10a., which was about 10% higher than the hybrid, Suwon #19. As the fresh weight, the total dry weight was also highest in the plant density of 60 ${\times}$ 20cm. The grain yield per 10 are of MET 1 was comparable to the grain yield of the hybrid, especially in the low plant density, 60 ${\times}$ 40cm. The average number of effective tillers of MET lines were 4.5, while the mean tiller number of the hybrid or synthetic variety were none. However, the lodging was one of the problem for growing MET lines. The 100 kernel weight of MET lines was about 9 gr., while the 100 kernel weight of the hybrid or synthetic variety was about 30 grm.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.24 no.3 s.64
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• pp.123-127
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• 1985

Incidence of the Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum of sesame (var. Kwangsan) was remarkably influenced by seeding date and mean air temperature in the field of two or three year's continuous cropping with sesame in 1983 and 1985. Sesame were seeded on six different dates from April 20 to July 5. Air temperature was checked daily at the meteorological station near the experimental field. Low($16{\sim}20^{\circ}C$) and high temperature($20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) periods were provisionally devided, based on every ten-day mean daily temperature during field experiment for last ten years, which corresponded to before and after June 15 in Jinju, Gyeong-nam. Infection rates were 83.7%, 68.2% and 59.4% in the plants grown for 55 days (seeding date: April 20), 40 days(May 5) and 25 days(May 20) under low temperature. On the other hand, infection rates were below 3% in those plots seeded during high temperature period. The longer the growth period exposed to low temperature, the higher was infection rates. It is interesting to note that 40 days old seedling or older are prone to severe infection compared to the younger ones, in higher temperature of $20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$. Therefore, seedlings in vegetative growth stage are less prone to infection than these in reproductive growth stage. The result showed that air temperature during sesame growth was one of the most important factor affecting the incidence of Fusarium wilt. This suggested that sesame crop, which is of tropical origin, has been predisposed to Fusarium wilt, when the plants were exposed to low temperature of $16{\sim}20^{\circ}C$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 2015

This study was conducted to serve as a basis for establishing a stable production of proso millet on the rotational paddy-upland field by looking out the physicochemical and moisture characteristics of soil and the growth characteristics of proso millet by ridge width. Plant height showed Manhongchal was the smallest 71.3 cm in 240 cm wide of ridge in the first year, Ibeakchal was the highest 69.7 cm in 60 cm wide in the second year, Hwanggeumchal was the highest 72.8 cm in 60 cm wide in the first year. The retention time of the excess water in the soil during cultivation was extended wider the width of ridge. The variation width of the water content was higher by the wider the width of ridge. Yield components showed the longest ear length were 35.1 cm of Manhongchal, 34.8 cm of Ibeakchal in 60 cm wide of ridge in the first year. As the width of ridge extended, ear weight of all variety increased. 1,000 seed weight of the 60 cm wide of ridge was Manhongchal 6.8%, Ibeakchal 46.2% heavier than the 240 cm wide of ridge. Yield showed Manhongchal 221, Ibeakchal 223, Hwanggeumchal $225kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ in 60 cm wide of ridge in the first year. The similar pattern of amount showed Manhongchal 278, Ibeakchal 221, Hwanggeumchal $200kg{\cdot}10a^{-1}$ in 60 cm wide of ridge in the second year. This showed Manhongchal 103%, Ibeakchal 119%, Hwanggeumchal 85.2% was more than the 240 cm wide of ridge.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 1995

This experiment was performed to characterize the optimum water table level for the grain quality, seed germination and diastic power of barley(var. Olbori) and wheat(var. Grumil). Olbori and Grumil grew in the 550 liter plastic pot that filled with silt loam or sandy loam. During the whole growth period, the underground water level adjusted to be 20, 30, 40, 50 and 70cm. Filled grain ratio and specific gravity were not affected by soil texture and water table. Low level of water table caused the increase of 1,000 grain weight in wheat and barley, but soil texture didn't. Crude protein content tended to be high as the water table level was high, especially in wheat. Change in crude protein content was affected by underground water level more than soil texture. And the affection was slightly higher in sandy loam than silt loam, but the difference was small. The higher level of water table led to the lower crude lipid content in barley and wheat grain. Crude lipid content of both wheat and barley grain grown in sandy loam was higher than those grown in silt loam. As the water table level down, the ash content of barley and wheat grain tend to increase, especially in sandy loam. Wheat flour yield was not affected by soil texture. It was about 65% at 20cm of water level and above 67% at 40cm water level. The seed germination of wheat and barley was more than 95% when the seeds were placed at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for three days. Regardless of soil texture, the lowest germination was seen at 20cm of water table level. And the seed germination rate increased as the underground water level became low. Above 89% of barley grains were germinated within 48 hours except 20cm level of water table in sandy loam. Diastic power of germinated barley was the lowest at 20cm of water table level, and it was almost unchanged below 30cm of water table level. And also it was not affected by soil texture.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.668-673
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• 2010

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, 'Heugseong' was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2008. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule. 'Heugseong' was selected from the cross between 'Gnome85', showing yellow seed coat, lodging tolerance, and high yield, and 'Cheongja', showing green cotyledon, and black seed coat. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for this cultivar were carried out from 2004 to 2008. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, yellow cotyledon, elongated seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.2 grams per 100 seeds). It was 4 days later in maturity than the check cultivar 'Ilpumgeomjeongkong'. 'Heugseong' was better than the check cultivar in the seed quality of isoflavone contents(1,913 ${\mu}g/g$). It has good adaptability for cooking with rice in ratio of water absorption and seed hardness, for physics of black tofu, and for fermented black soybean paste. The average yield of 'Heugseong' was 2.37 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in six locations of Korea from 2006 to 2008.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 2023

The quality and yield of crops produced using field cultivation are expected to decrease due to the recent global climate change caused by extreme weather. The plant reproductive stage associated with crop yields is a highly vulnerable period to global warming caused by high temperatures. This study analyzed the adzuki bean's yield properties, antioxidant contents, and pollen viability of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) under high-temperature stress and growth periods in a temperature gradient greenhouse that forms 0 to 4℃ above the outside temperatures. As the main variety of red beans cultivated in Korean farms, the "Arari" red bean was grown in the rain shield greenhouse and the temperature gradient greenhouse from 2021 to 2022 in Milyang, Korea. Compared to 2022, it showed a 0 - 1.0℃ lower temperature during the whole growth period in 2021. However, its average temperatures were 0 - 3.7℃ higher in the vegetative stage and 0.4 - 2.4℃ higher in the anthesis stage in 2021. The lowest yield (6.8 ± 0.7 g) was at the highest temperature (T4: low, 23.6℃; average, 28.5℃; high, 35.8℃) during the anthesis stage in 2021. The temperatures of the mature stage were 1.7 - 3.9℃, which were higher in 2022 than in 2021, although the low temperatures of 2022 were lower than in 2021. The yields of the mature stage in 2022 increased more than in 2021 because of the high temperature of the mature stage. The growth and yield were good at 40.5℃ in the vegetative stage. However, growth was poor when the average temperature was 27.0℃ or higher, and yields decreased during the flowering period. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were increased, and the pollen viability was 40.75% in the whole growth period at high temperature (T4: low, 22.9℃; average, 28.8℃; high, 36.9℃). These results showed that the antioxidant levels increased when the antioxidant component was affected at higher temperatures than at normal. In contrast, the pollen viability-related yield decreased as the temperature increased. Our results are the basic data for field growers and the breeding of thermos-tolerance in adzuki beans to prepare for the changeable future climate.