• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.5-26
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• 2013

Although organizing standardized metadata is important for effective management of cultural heritage information, current metadata are represented differently according to the properties of the resources or objectives of the organizations in which they are accumulated. This research compared 6 different metadata formats and created 18 data elements for constructing databases. A religious architecture heritage information database was constructed based on 72 historic religious architectures, each composing of three parts. An ontology based on religious architecture heritage information was designed using a revised CIDOC-CRM, and was developed with a semi-automated corpus program.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.836-842
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• 2009

On April 14, 2008, National Human Rights Commission of Korea's recommendation led to severe argument that hiring qualification of religious school. it shall not be an unlawful employment practice for a school, college, university, or other educational institution or institution of learning to hire and employ employees of a particular religion if such organizations is, in whole or in substantial part, owned, supported, controlled, or managed by a particular religion or by a particular religious corporation, association, or society, or if the curriculum of such organizations is directed toward the propagation of a particular religion. An employer is a "religious organization" entitled to the exemption. So If the employer is a school, its history and mission, the religion of the faculty and students, and the religious focus of the curriculum must be examined. Consequently it is possible for religious educational institution to reject specific religionist.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.776-787
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• 2014

When a urban religious cluster is transformed into a religious cultural town, it will help restore the urban community spirit and boost the social, cultural competence of a city. It can be achieved through the desirable values associated with love, service, reconciliation, and communication of each religion combined together. Also, it can facilitate urban regeneration and local revitalization. This study has established measures to stimulate Mokseong-dong in Andong City, an area with lots of religious, cultural facilities, by transforming it into a religious cultural town. The purpose is to play a key role in leading the regional education and culture and stimulating the area. To establish an identity of the religious, cultural town with multiple religions, a development concept was created under the theme of reconciliation, communication, and service. Specifically, a measure to reorganize the area into a space for reconciliation, communication, and service was created with an operation and stimulation program, focusing on the religious facilities. In addition, in order to transform the religious town into a hub of urban regeneration, measures to achieve the following were created: growing together with the surrounding area; establishing a cooperation system involving local residents; establishing an administrative, financial support system. If the religious, cultural town is revitalized, it can boost the quality of local residents and stimulate the local economy.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.43
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• pp.37-65
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• 2015

There has been discussions and investigation on the nexus between religion and citizen's supports for suicide attacks and terrorist groups conducting such acts. In terms of the relationship, there were two potent hypotheses attempting to explain the process and mechanism of the relationship: religious belief hypothesis and coalitional commitment hypothesis. previous studies examined these hypotheses have been carried out across different cultural, religious, and political contexts. Until today, however, there are still lack of concrete evidence, which is generated from empirical studies, supportive evidence for any of these hypotheses. Therefor this study aims to investigate the association between religion and popular support for suicide attacks by using a survey data collected from three middle east countries, Egypt, Morocco, and Pakistan. In analysis, a step-wised regression analysis conducted with a set of variety of variables considered to be related with the association. This study found that variables reflecting religious belief hypothesis, such as prayer to God, religious devotion were unrelated to support for suicide attacks. Yet, prayer time predicted reduced supports for suicide attacks. Further, attendance at religious services, thought to enhance coalitional commitment, predicted support for suicide attacks. Yet, it showed negative association with support for suicide attacks. These findings suggest that regular attendance at religious services and regular prayer have combined effects reducing on the willing to support for suicide martyrdom. However, this study findings affirmatively support for neigher religious belief hypothesis nor coalitional commitment hypothesis. Instead, it suggests the needs for further research examination on the relationship as well as corrections of these hypotheses. Finally, Implications for the research findings for preventing suicide attacks are discussed.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.246-259
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate pre-service biology teachers' perception of the evolution. This study was to compare the views of pre-service biology teachers with no religion with those of christian preservice teachers. Subjects were 77 pre-service biology teachers who enrolled in an university and graduate school of education located in Seoul. The instrument of this study was a questionnaire which consisted of 14 items on 2 domains: the nature of science, the origins of human beings. The key results are as follows. Most pre-service teachers showed highly understanding of the characteristics of science. However pre-service biology teachers still possessed naive views on the distinction of law and theory. In terms of the methods of science, many of the pre-service biology teachers considered scientific theories to progress through the accumulation of observation and experiments or through changes and modifications in existing theories. Compared with the pre-service teachers with no religion, christian pre-service teachers had conflicting views and misconceptions about the origins of human beings. The factors of religion were found to be one of the important barriers which prevent them from understanding the origins of human beings. The results suggested that the education program for pre-service biology teachers integrating the concepts and development process of the scientific knowledges should be effective for understanding the nature of science. For pre-service biology teachers, It is important to understand conflicting views of the christian pre-service teachers who understand creationism as a science.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.432-440
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• 2018

This study was conducted to understand the factors influencing meaning in life of middle-aged adult focusing social support, self-esteem, internal religious orientation, hope, spirituality among the variables and to supply interventional way for promotion of meaning in life of middle-aged adult. The study participants randomly selected 196 pieces from data that collected from 20 September to 31 October 2014 for middle-aged adults living in four cities. The data were analyzed by means of the t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Significant differences were found in the meaning in life grades by importance of religious life (p<.001), perceived economic state (p<.001). Further, there were significant correlations between social support (p<.001), self-esteem (p<.001), intrinsic religious orientation (p<.001), hope (p<.001), spirituality (p<.001) and meaning in life. In multiple regression analysis, hope, importance of religious life and spirituality accounted for 49% of meaning in life.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.363-376
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• 2012

In Korea, religious bodies are being given tax benefits like tax exemption and reduction in accordance with the Local Tax Law. By the way, there's no difference between tax benefits given to religious bodies and other kinds of non-profit corporations. In other words, tax exemption and reduction for religious bodies are being made without considering the very nature of the bodies. This is causing lots of problems. Currently, tax supports to religious bodies are mostly focusing on tax items related to their property, considerably diverting from the ultimate purpose and objectives of tax exemption and reduction for religious organizations. This is not also weakening local finance, but also diverting from the basic intent of so-called the induction system that if necessary, tax supports are given, but they have to be minimized. To solve these problems, comprehensive actions need to be taken, for example, reducing tax benefits given to religious bodies' property and motivating the bodies to make a variety of donations like in developed countries. Now, religious bodies should change their consciousness of tax liability that is imposed by the Local Tax Law. And the government should be more systematic in the collection and management of data that are necessary to levy taxes on religious bodies. If required, the government show the data to religious bodies, convincing them to positively fulfil their tax liability without complaint. This study discusses the current state and problems of existing local tax systems in relation to religious bodies and then propose how to improve the systems. If the systems of tax exemption and reduction for religious bodies under the Local Tax Law can be improved, it would contribute to improve the finance of local autonomous bodies.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.19-41
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• 2010

This study aims to investigate how religious orientation of college students and the religious fundamentalism are related to their subjective well-being, and the interaction of religious orientations and the religious fundamentalism on their well-being. The participants were 374 college students who studies at an university located in Seoul, whose average of age were 22.54 (SD=4.79). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: I/E-R, the Religious Fundamentalism Scale, the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Emotion Frequency Test, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Happiness Scale, Life Satisfaction Motivation Scale, and Life Satisfaction Expectancy Scale. Although religious students experienced more religious well-being than non-religious students, their subjective well-being were not higher than those of non-religious students. Results reveal that religious orientations were positively related to subjective well-being such as life satisfaction, subjective happiness, and positive emotions, as well as spiritual well-being. However, those covariance was approximately 4~6% only. Religious fundamentalism was also positively related to spiritual well-being and life satisfaction, it was negatively related to the motivation to live though. On the other hand, moderate effects of the religious fundamentalism on the relations of religious orientations to most of subjective well-being variables. Results of simple main effect analyses indicated that the students who were strongly oriented toward religion with higher religious fundamentalism showed significantly higher existential well-being, positive emotions, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, and especially their motivation and expectation for future life, whereas there were no significant differences in subjective well-being of students with lower religious fundamentalism by religious orientation. This finding suggests that some religiosity variables could affect human well-being with interactions

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.35
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• pp.181-216
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• 2020

The incarnation of Jesus and Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being are important theological theories in their respective religions, Christianity and Daesoon Jinrihoe. Both theories are the doctrinal devices necessary for the religious description of each religion. However, this kind of study is likely to result in a theological study that generates religious apologia or explanations. Therefore, it is impossible and meaningless to define the theory of another religion as meta-discourse in terms of one's own religious viewpoint. From a traditional theological point of view, the incarnation is an exceptionalist case wherein God descended as a human being named Jesus to save humanity from original sin. In the case of Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being, its religious features appear in various forms, so the attempt to unify these two is not an objective method of religious studies. However, this paper aims to find the religious significance of Jesus' incarnation and Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being by understanding them from a third-person terminology or third-person religious viewpoint rather than from a specific theological position. To this end, this paper will use Kim Jong-seo's position that the concept of Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being was borrowed from the concept of the incarnation of Jesus as the premise of the research generated in this paper. Therefore, this paper avoids the quest for "Total Christ" or "Total Jeungsan" that integrates and views the divine and human elements of Jesus and Jeungsan. This is because such a research method becomes a theological study. Instead, it excludes transcendental elements or metaphysical aspects that discuss the divine pre-existences of Jesus and Jeungsan and clarifies the significance of the incarnation and Jeungsan's descending to earth as a human being at the physical level in terms which are objective and verifiable. According to this research methodology, this paper develops a discussion after presupposing the hypothetical names of "incarnationist religion" and "divine descent in human avatar religion." However, the two presuppositions mentioned above contain elements of criticism that they are materialistic interpretations that completely eliminate connotations of divinity and religious significance. Nevertheless, it can be said that the two presuppositions have academic significance due to the way in which they avoid the current entanglement of transcendence and instead aim for modernistic relevance.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.41-55
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• 1998

An analysis of 87 stroke Patients who were enrolled in 7 hospitals in cities of Pusan, Taegu, Kumi, and Andong from January 1 to May 31, 1998 was conducted using the modified Barthel Index(BI) and the adapted PULSES profile index(PS) to evaluate their function. Patients were examined at the following intervals : Initial assessment, one month after initial, at discharge, and ore month after discharge. The mean BI score of patients initial assessment was 26.32. and that of PS was 17.34. There were statistically significant between initial score and one month after initial (16.61 : p<0.001), at discharge(33.51 : p<0,001), one month after discharge(43,56 : p<0.001). PS scores were also improved significantly(-2.1, -3. 94, and -5.52(p<0.001), and BI score between discharge and one month after discharge wag significant improvement(10.06 : p <0.001) and in PS score(-1,57 : p<0.001). Age and BI scone were significantly associated with the improved in BI score between initial and discharge (T3-T1)(p<0.05). Below age forty and the lower initial BI score showed significantly higher improvement(T3-T1) after physical therapy(p<0.05). Initial BI score, BI score at discharge, and religion were significantly associated with the improvement of BI score between initial and one month after discharge(T4-T1)(p<0.05). The lower initial BI score, the high. BI score at discharge, and the religious showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T1)(p<0.05). BI score at discharge and religion were significantly associated with the improvement of BI score between at discharge and one month after discharge(T4-T3)(p<0.05). The lower BI score at discharge, the religious showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T3)(p<0.05) Initial PS score were significantly associated with the improved in PS score between initial and discharge(T3-T1)(p<0.05). The higher initial PS score showed significantly hier improvement(T3-T1)(p<0.05). Initial PS score, Bi score at discharge, and patient's attitude for physical therapy after discharge were significantly associated with the improvement of PS score between initial and one month after discharge(T4- T1)(p <0.05). The higher initial PS scorer the lower PS score at discharge, patient's positive attitude for physical therapy after discharge showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T1)(p<0.05). PS score at discharge, Patient's attitude for Physical therapy after discharge were significantly associated with the improvement of PS score between discharge and one month after discharge(T4-T3)(p<0.05). The higher PS score at discharge, patient's positive attitude for physical therapy after discharge showed significantly higher improvement(T4-T3)(p<0.05). In conclusion, Initial BI score, BI score at discharge, age, and religion were significantly associated with BI score improvement. initial PS score, BI score discharge, and patient's attitude for physical therapy after discharge were significantly associated with PS score improvement in stroke patients.