• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2001

Purpose: To analyze the results of conservative or surgical treatment after computed tomograhy(CT) classification in intraarticular calcaneal fractures. Materials and methods: From January 1996 to May 1999, we prospectively analyze 23 cases of intraarticular calcaneal fractures who were treated conservatively or operated by open reduction and internal fixation by extensive L-shaped lateral approach after CT classification. Results: A functional scoring system of 0-100 points which was based upon the responses to AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale for the operative group was at 82.8, compared with 73.2 for the non-operative group, and these were meaningful statistically(P<0.05). Of type I fracture, in the operative group there were 2 excellent results and in the non-operative group there were 2 excellent results, 1 good result. or type II fractures, in the operative group there were 2 excellent results, 3 good results, 1 fair result and in the non-operative group there were 1 good result, 1 fair result, 2 poor results. Of type III fractures, in the operative group there were 2 fair results, 2 poor results and in the non-operative group there were 1 fair result, 3 poor results. Bohler angles of subtalar joint were changed from initial average $13.3^{\circ}$ to postoperative average $20.9^{\circ}$ for the operative group compared with from initial average $15.5^{\circ}$ to follow-up average $14.8^{\circ}$ of the non-operative group(P<0.01). Conclusions: Computed tomography in the evaluation of intraarticular calcaneal fractures is effective tool. We believed that open reduction and internal fixation in all Crosby & Fitzgibbons type II and according to degrees of comminution reducible type III for the intraarticular calcaneal fractures is more effective method than conservative treatment.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2001

Treatment of calcaneal fraclure is difficult and full of controversy still and choice of treatment of the displaced intracalcaneal fracture is not available yet. Furthermore, the treatment of old calcaneal fracture with displaced subtalar joint or malunited calcaneal fracture is really difficult and painful to solve the problem other than subtalar arthrodesis, ignoring conservative treatment, excision of bone mass and/or adhesiolysis, which is/are a kind of palliative or salvage treatment in stead of definitive treatment that restores smooth articular surface of the subtalar joint as far as we can. Authors had some experiences treating this difficult old and displaced calcaneal fractures. Some of them were malunited already. Hereby we report our favorable results to treat the fractures with surgical reduction (reconstruction) and internal fixation without bone graft. We recommend reconstruction of the displaced subtalar joint even though it is not congruent and partly gone to get subtalar motion insead of palliative operation such as subtalar fusion, which can be done later and long term potential cause of mid tarsal arthrosis of the foot.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the result of endoscopic assisted curettage and bone graft for the treatment of simple bone cyst in the calcaneus. Materials and Methods: Three cases in three patients who had curettage and bone graft of simple bone cyst in the calcaneus under endoscopic view were prospectively reviewed. A minimum follow-up of 1 year was required for entrance into the study. The results of treatment were clinically and radiologically assessed. Results: One case with preoperative heel pain gained complete relief of the pain at postoperative four weeks. All three cases had radiological union of grafted bone at an average of thirteen weeks after the operation. Shortened hospitalization and decreased postoperative pain were remarkable. Complications such as infection, skin necrosis, nerve injury, and, fracture were not seen. There was no evidence of the recurrence of the cyst in all three cases. Conclusion: Endoscopic assisted curettage and bone graft of simple bone cyst in the calcaneus is thought as an effective alternative procedure avoiding the possible complications of the classic method.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2012

Purpose: To evaluate the radiological and clinical results after open reduction and internal fixation with calcaneal F plate and locking calcaneal plate using lateral extensile approach in the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fracture Materials and Methods: This study included 34 cases of 33 patients followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively. F plate was applied in 18 cases (Group 1), locking plate was used in 16 cases (Group 2) and compared radiological and clinical results between two groups. Results: Radiollogically, the mean Bohler angle was improved from $5.5^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $20.1^{\circ}$ postoperatively and $18.8^{\circ}$ at the last follow up in group 1 and $8.6^{\circ}$ preoperatively, $21.4^{\circ}$ postoperatively and $20.3^{\circ}$ at last follow up in group 2. Bone union was observed in all cases and 4 cases of screw loosening were noted in Group 1 with extended fracture to anterior process. At the last follow up, both groups showed clinical results in American orthopedic foot and ankle society ankle hindfoot score, 76(77 in Sanders type II and 75 in type III) in group 1 and 72(73 in type II and 70 in type III) in group 2. Conclusion: F plate and locking plate showed firm fixation and satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fracture. We suggest applying locking plate in cases with extended fracture to anterior process, considering screw loosenings in those who were treated with F plate fixation.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of temporary K-wire fixation in F-plate fixation for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Materials and Methods: Two groups (group 1 with F-plate fixation only and group 2 with temporary K-wire fixation and F-plate fixation) of patients were included in this study. The temporary K-wire was removed six weeks after the operation. Each group consisted of 33 cases. Rotational axis angles were measured radiographically and the foot and ankle outcome score (FAOS) was used for clinical assessment. Results: In group 1, the mean rotational axis angle was reduced from $27^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $5.59^{\circ}$ postoperatively and the angle at last follow-up was $9.94^{\circ}$. There was an increase in angle of $4.35^{\circ}$ between postoperative and the last follow-up measurement. In group 2, the mean rotational axis angle was reduced from $21.2^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $4.39^{\circ}$ postoperatively and the angle at last follow-up was $5.91^{\circ}$. There was an increase in angle of $1.52^{\circ}$ between postoperative and the last follow-up measurement. Significant difference in the changes of rotational axis angle was observed between the two groups. However, no significant difference in FAOS was observed between the two groups. Conclusion: Temporary K-wire fixation can prevent reduction loss when treating displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures with an F-plate.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper reports the surgical treatment results of open calcaneal fractures performed at the author's clinics focusing on open calcaneal fractures to help understand the appropriate treatment and realistic outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 22 cases out of 30 patients who visited the hospital from February 2009 to December 2019 and were followed up for more than one year. In open fractures, the fracture was classified using the Gustilo-Anderson classification and was evaluated using the soft tissue status at the time of visit. Intra-articular calcaneal fractures were classified using Sanders classification. The radiological parameters were measured for the Böhler angle, Gissane angle, calcaneal length, height, and width before and after surgery, and at the last follow-up. The clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale and investigated complications. In addition, statistical analysis of the incidence and associated factors of posttraumatic arthritis was conducted. Results: In all cases, the surgical treatment was performed by minimally invasive surgery. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale conducted for a clinical evaluation of the final follow-up was averaged 72.5 points. In the classification of open fractures, the Gustilo-Anderson classification type IIIA was the most common, and the Sanders type III was the most common. Of the 22 cases after surgery, 15 cases had complications, 11 cases had posttraumatic arthritis, eight cases had an infection, and 4 cases had both complications. Only the Sanders classification showed a statistically significant correlation with the incidence of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (p-value 0.032). Conclusion: In treating open calcaneal fractures, internal fixation by a minimally invasive approach showed relatively satisfactory results. However, follow-up research will be needed, including the results of a long-term follow-up through a large number of cases and comparative studies with other surgical methods.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2024

Purpose: Achilles tendon rupture is a frequently encountered ankle pathology associated with a substantial burden of intense pain and functional deficits. Chronic Achilles tendon ruptures with considerable defects pose intricate repair challenges that are often marred by complications such as re-rupture and persistent pain. Various treatment methods, including allograft transplantation, have been proposed, but the literature on this technique is limited. In this study, we propose a surgical approach utilizing allotendon transplantation and a calcaneal tunneling technique and provide clinical evaluation details. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with chronic Achilles tendon ruptures treated with allotendon between 2020 and 2022 were included in the study. Patients were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores and Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Scores (ATRSs). Complications were assessed postoperatively. Results: The average VAS score was 7 before surgery, 7.3 immediately after surgery, and 4.3 at 1 month, 2.5 at 3 months, and 1.3 at 6 months after surgery. Because the sample was limited to 15 individuals and distributions were non-normal, the analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, and statistical significance was accepted for p-values<0.05. Results showed a significant improvement in ATRS and VAS scores versus preoperative and immediate postoperative values. VAS scores showed a decreasing trend after surgery, whereas average ATRS scores increased from 14 before surgery, 33.8 at 1 month, 82.7 at 3 months, and 93.9 at 6 months. Conclusion: This study suggests that allograft transplantation using the described calcaneal tunnel technique provides an effective treatment for chronic Achilles tendon ruptures. However, extensive research and long-term clinical trials are required to validate and better understand the technique's efficacy.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2012

목적: 운동 선수 중 증상이 있는 부주상골에 대해 변형 Kidner 술식 후 5년이상 추시 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 7월부터 2004년 12월까지 동통을 동반한 부주상골로 변형 Kidner 술식을 받은 후 5년이상 추적 관찰이 가능한 운동선수 22명(26족) 및 방사선학적 관찰이 가능한 9명(12족)에 대해 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 모든 환자에 대한 술전 병력 검사 후 주관적 검사로서 미국 족부 정형외과 학회(American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, AOFAS) 중족부 평가, 시각 통증 척도(Visual Analogue Scale, VAS) 점수를 평가하였다. 술후 최종 추시에서 독립된 검사자가 AOFAS 중족부 평가, VAS 점수, 만족도를 조사하였다. 방사선학적 평가에 대해 술전과 최종 추시 관찰시의 기립 측면 방사선 사진에서 거골-제1중족골 간 각, 거종각, 종골 피치각을 측정하였다. 결과: 술전 AOFAS 점수는 평균 $40.1{\pm}7.5$점(32~57점), 최종 추시 관찰 평균은 $88.7{\pm}8.0$점(72~100점)으로 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.01). 술전 VAS 점수는 평균 $7.0{\pm}0.9$점(5~9점), 최종 추시 관찰 평균은 $1.8{\pm}0.8$점(1~4점)으로 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.01). 최종 추시 결과 11명은 매우 만족, 11명은 만족, 4명은 불만족으로 평균 만족도는 85%였다. Wilcoxon 검정상 거골-제1중족골간 각(p=0.67), 거종각(p=0.93) 종골 피치각(p=0.49)으로 수술 전 및 최종 추시 결과 사이에 유의한 차를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 증상이 있는 부주상골에 대한 변형 Kidner 술식 후 5년이상 중기 추시 결과 높은 만족도를 보였다.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

목적: 후족부에 발생하는 원발성 골종양은 다른 부위에서의 골종양과 비교하여 발생 빈도가 낮고 진단이 늦거나 오진되는 경우가 많은 반면, 이에 대한 대규모 연구 및 보고는 적은 실정으로 후족부의 원발성 골종양의 진단과 치료를 위해 그 임상적 양상에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1989년부터 2011년까지 본원에서 진단 후 최소 1년 이상 추시 가능하였던 후족부 원발성 골종양 환자 44명의 45예 종양을 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 의무 기록과 영상 검사를 후향적으로 검토하여 후족부 원발성 골종양에 대한 역학적 조사와 임상적 특성, 치료 방법을 확인하였고, 병리학적인 특성을 조사하였다. 결과: 총 44명의 환자 중 남자가 26예, 여자가 18예였으며, 환자들의 평균 연령은 25.1세였고 평균 추시 기간은 33.1개월이었다. 양성 골종양이 44예, 악성 골종양은 1예였으며, 종골에 발생한 골종양이 36예, 거골의 골종양 9예였다. 전체적으로 양성 골종양 중에는 단순골낭종이 20예로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음이 골내지방종이 12예, 연골모세포종 4예 순이었고, 악성 골종양은 유잉 육종이 1예였다. 발생부위 별로 종골에서는 단순골낭종이 18예, 골내지방종이 12예 순이었고, 거골에서는 연골모세포종 3예, 단순골낭종 2예, 골내결절종 2예 등의 순이었다. 환자들의 임상 증상은 통증을 동반하는 경우도 있으나, 우연히 발견되는 경우가 많고 족관절 혹은 후족부의 염좌 또는 타박상으로 오인되는 경우도 많았다. 병적 골절을 동반한 경우는 2예였다. 수술 방법으로는 소파술 혹은 소파술 및 골이식술, 관혈적 정복과 금속고정술 및 골이식술, 종양 절제술, 슬관절 하 절단술 등을 시행하였다. 결론: 후족부에 발생하는 원발성 골종양은 빈도가 드물고 진단이 늦어지는 경우가 많으며, 대부분 양성 종양이었으나 악성종양을 배제할 수 없어 조기 진단과 적절한 치료가 중요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2007

목적: 저자들은 각종 질환이나 외상에 대해 거골하 관절경술을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 그 결과를 분석하여 거골하 관절경의 적응증과 그 유용성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 9월부터 2005년 8월까지 본원에서 거골하 관절경을 시행하고 1년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 54명, 57예를 대상으로 하였다. 환자의 성별은 남자 43예, 여자 14예였고, 평균 연령은 40세, 평균 추시 기간은 18개월이었다. 술전 진단은 족근 동 증후군 19예, 퇴행성 관절염 13예, 종골 골절 10예, 관절 섬유화 5예, 삼각골 증후군 3예, 거골 골절 3예, 거종 결합 3예, 종골 종양 1예였다. 결과의 분석은 술전 및 술후 AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale과 환자의 만족도를 조사하여 평가하였으며 그 외 거골하 관절경술로 인한 합병증의 유무를 조사하였다. 결과: 관절경술은 활액막 절제술 23예, 거골하 관절 유합술 13예, 진단적 관절경술 11예, 유착 박리술 5예, 유리체 제거술 4예, 삼각골 제거술 3예, 관절경적 골절 정복술 1예가 시행되었으며 이중 4예에서 두 가지 수술이 병행되었다. 동반된 질환으로는 족관절의 충돌 증후군이 17예, 만성 족관절 불안정성이 11예, 거골의 골연골 병변이 7예 관찰되었으며, 이에 대해 족관절 관절경술 25예, 변형 Brostrom 수술 11예 등의 동반 술식이 시행되었다. AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale은 거골하 관절 유합술을 시행한 군에서는 술전 33점에서 술후 77점으로 향상되었으며, 그 이외의 군에서는 술전 69점에서 술후 89점으로 향상되었다. 환자의 만족도는 42예에서 만족, 4예에서 불만족을 표시하여 91%의 만족도를 나타내었으며 특별한 합병증은 발견되지 않았다. 결론: 적절한 적응증에 대해 시행한 거골하 관절경술은 관절에 대한 손상을 가능한 줄이면서 병변을 정확하게 치료할 수 있는 장점을 가진 유용한 술식이나 기법의 숙달을 위한 노력 이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.