• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2022

Background: It is essential to investigate the functionality of the newly developed knobble shoe. Purpose: The purpose was to explore how the body shape and balance change when wearing knobble shoes. Methods: Nine subjects wearing knobble shoes after walking for a month were analyzed. Results: For knobble shoes, we created various small air pockets in the insole to stimulate the soles of the feet to induce body changes. In particular, it was to promote the arch part of the foot by making a large lump inside and outside the center of the foot's arch. After wearing knobble shoes and using them for 30 days, the average blood sugar decreased by 31.1 mg. The lowering range was 5 to 120 mg. In one patient, the result of the hemoglobin test decreased by 7.5% to 6.5%. In the shoulder tapping test for a body balance test, seven subjects leaned to the right in a barefoot state, and two people to the left. However, after wearing shoes, all of them maintained equilibrium. knobble shoes fit, and balance was all stable. There were two subjects with a short left and four subjects with a short right. Conclusions: Blood sugar decreased after wearing the knobble shoes. The deformed shape of the body was restored to its original state by the knobble supporting the foot arch area. The balance of the sole directly affects the overall posture.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

Pes planus is a condition where the arch of the foot collapses and comes in contact with the ground. The purpose of study was to confirm the effect of a patient-customized insole on both feet velocity of pes planus with and without the insole, in order to establish both feet velocity as a rehabilitation evaluation factor of pes planus in future. As a result, the average velocity shifts of both feet showed that left foot is 2.96%, right foot is 1.09% via gait experiment with 13 pes planus patients with and without insole. Therefore this study verified that the patient-customized insole effects on both feet velocity of pes planus. However further study needs to demonstrate both feet velocity as a rehabilitation evaluation factor in pes planus.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of active foot arch support on the muscles of lower extremity electromyographic activity during squat exercise in persons with pronated foot. Methods: The study subjects were 16 persons with pronated foot. They have no history of surgery in lower extremity and trunk and limitation of range of motion or pain when performing squat exercise. Each subject was measured the navicular drop (ND) to determine the pronated foot. And then the subjects were asked to perform three repetitions of a $90^{\circ}$ knee flexion squat in both conditions which are 1) preferred squat and 2) squat with active foot arch support. Results: Paired t-test revealed that squat with active foot arch support produced significantly greater EMG activities in abductor hallucis (p=0.00), proneus longus (p=0.03) and gluteus medius (p=0.04) than preferred squat. But the EMG activities of tibialis anterior, vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis were not showed significantly different between the both squat conditions. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that active foot arch support during squat increase the activities of lower extremity muscles which are the abductor hallucis, proneus longus and gluteus medius. Also, the abductor hallucis which is one of the planter intrinsic muscle and peroneus longus play a role in support of the foot arch and active foot arch support induced the increase of the activity of gluteus medius. Therefore active foot arch support can change the lower extremity biomechanics as well as passive foot support such as foot orthotics and taping.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2014

The body to achieve an interaction that are connected to each other. Foot of which plays an important role in motor activity. Insole that has been recently used, have a dynamic functional elements. In particular, support of Arch plays a very important role in terms of a motor function of the human body as a whole. It is possible to predict the proper support Arch with insole, the overall structure of the body there can affect the balance. In this study, by applying the insole which supports the Longitudinal arch and Transverse arch, you are trying to assess the interaction of balance and the body's ability. To target the 20 there is no problem in the sense of balance, college student, and changes were observed by measuring the Center of Position area and distance through the Biorescue device worn before and after led by Arch support. As a result, I showed improved results significantly discount rate after wearing in the Center of Position area and distance to assess the balance ability. Therefore, the correction insole function is to support the Longitudinal arch and Transverse arch to an important role in the foot. It may be that it has a functional element for improving the balance of the function of preventing collapse of the arch during walking, to disperse the weight of the entire foot, us reduce fatigue in the end.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.948-955
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare plantar pressure and COP parameters in three types of arch support insole during stair descent in elderly with flatfoot. A total of 14 women elderly were recruited for this study. Pedar-X was used to obtain plantar pressure(peak pressure, mean pressure, and contact area) and COP(distance, displacement, excursion) parameters. One-way ANOVAs were used to compare peak pressure, mean pressure, and contact area, distance of COP, displacement of COP, and excursion of COP. Among the plantar pressure parameters, significant(p<0.05) differences were observed in M3 for the peak pressure, M2, M3, and M4 for the mean pressure, and M2, M3, and M6 for the contact area. Among the COP parameters, distances of COP both in the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes revealed significant(p<0.05) differences. The larger peak pressure values of type A and B insoles were observed as compared to normal insole. The larger peak pressure and shorter COP distance values of type A and B insoles were observed as compared to normal insole.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.615-628
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• 2000

This report is to study on the progress on which foot arch and planta has been changed according to body type based on 4 tilting of scapular & ilium. This study has been carried out to help contribute to some basic information like these. One was to find out how to assess and analysize the deformity of feet and ankle joint which may have the most impact on ideal alignment of anatomical posture. The other was to figure out how to diagnose and treat the deformity to get to the restoration. The results of this study is as followings; 1. The findings which had been made from 22 persons(50%) having left scapular and ilium forward tilt are as follows. 1) On the longitudinal length of the planta left parts of 18 persons(82%) are longer than the right one. On the transversel length of the planta right parts of 17 persons(77%) are longer than the left one. 2) On the size of medial longitudinal arch the left parts of 20 persons(91%) are more wider than the right one. 3) On the sign of supinated foot, the left parts of 18 persons(82%) are more common than the right one. 4) On the thickness of big toe, the left parts of 14 persons(64%) are thicker than the right one. 2. The findings which had been made from 15 persons(34%) having right scapular and ilium forward tilt are as follows. 1) On the longitudinal length of the planta right parts of 11 persons(73%) are longer than the left one. On the transversel length of the planta left parts of 13 persons(87%) are longer than the right one. 2) On the size of medial longitudinal arch the right parts of 13 persons(87%) are more wider than the left one. 3) On the sign of supinated foot, the right parts of 12 persons(80%) are more common than the left one. 4) On the thickness of big toe, the right parts of 7 persons(47%) are thicker than the left one. 3. The findings which had been made from 3 persons(7%) having left scapular and right ilium forward tilt are as follows. 1) On the longitudinal length of the planta right parts of 2 persons(67%) are longer than the left one. On the transversel length of the planta left parts of 2 persons(67%) are longer than the right one. 2) On the size of medial longitudinal arch the right parts of 3 persons(100%) are more wider than the left one. 3) On the sign of supinated foot, the right parts of 2 persons(67%) are more common than the left one. 4) On the thickness of big toe, the left parts of 2 persons(67%) are thicker than the right one. 4. The findings which had been made from 4 persons(9%) having right scapular and left ilium forward tilt are as follows. 1) On the longitudinal length of the planta left parts of 3 persons(75%) are longer than the right one. On the transversel length of the planta right parts of 2 persons(50%) are longer than the left one. 2) On the size of medial longitudinal arch the left parts of 3 persons(75%) are more wider than the right one. 3) On the sign of supinated foot, the left parts of 3 persons(75%) are more common than the right one. 4) On the thickness of big toe, the left parts of 3 persons(75%) are thicker than the right one.