• Clean Technology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 2017

Dry reforming of methane to synthesis gas was investigated over a series of Ni/HY catalysts promoted by Mg, Ca, K and Mn. These catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, and TGA analyses before and after the reaction. Conversions and product yields were increased with increasing nickel loading up to 13 wt%. Among the catalysts tested in this work, the Ni-Mg/HY catalyst showed the highest carbon resistance and the most stable catalytic performance. It was revealed that the addition of Mg promoter reduced the nickel particle size and produced the highly dispersed nickel particles, and consequently, retarded the catalyst deactivation.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.265-271
• /
• 2010

The deactivated diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC) was remanufactured by ultrasonic wave treatment with various solutions, followed by active component re-impregnation. The catalytic performance and surface properties of remanufactured DOC were studied at various remanufacturing conditions. The proper ultrasonic-wave cleaning time at various solutions and optimal re-impregnation amounts of active component for the best catalytic performance were investigated. The catalytic performance tests on the conversions of CO and THC(total hydrocarbon) were also carried out at various temperatures by catalytic reaction test unit using bypass gas from the diesel engine dynamo system. It was found that the catalytic performance of DOC remanufactured with the high-temperature air washing, ultrasonic wave cleaning at acidic/basic solutions and active component re-impregnation method was recovered to 90% level of its activity compared to that of the fresh DOC, which was caused by removing the deactivating materials from the surface of the DOC through the analyses of catalyst performance test and their characterization by Optical microscope, EDX, ICP, TGA, and porosimeter.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.116.2-116.2
• /
• 2010

석유의 고갈과 고유가 시대에 직면한 현재 전 세계적으로 매장량이 풍부하고 안정적으로 공급이 가능한 석탄 활용에 대한 관심이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 석탄의 활용 분야 중 석탄 가스화(Coal gasifier)에서 유도된 합성가스를 이용하여 합성천연가스(SNG) 생산을 할 수 있는 메탄화(Methanation) 공정에서는 대부분 Ni계열 촉매를 사용하고 있는데, 촉매를 설계하는 관점에서 담체(Support), 조촉매(Promoter), Ni의 함량 등과 같은 설계 변수에 따라 촉매의 활성과 함께 메탄 수율이 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 담체상에 Ni를 담지 하여 20bar 압력에서 SNG 반응에 높은 활성을 보일 수 있는 촉매를 확보하고자 실험을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 $NiO/SiO_2-Al_2O_3$ 촉매가 가장 우수한 활성을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 $NiO/SiO_2-Al_2O_3$ 상에 Cerium, Ferric oxide 조촉매를 첨가하여 SNG 반응 활성 평가를 수행하였다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.430-436
• /
• 2009

Deactivated three-way catalysts which had been exposed to gasoline engine exhaust for a long time were remanufactured by ultra sonic cleaning with distilled water, sulfuric acid solution and impregnation with precious metals (Pt, Pd, Rh). The catalytic properties as well as conversion reactivity of CO, THC and NOx about fresh, aged and remanufactured catalysts were examined. Most of the pollutants deposited on the aged three-way catalysts were removed in the remanufacturing process of those catalysts. At the same time a little amount of precious metals like Pt and Pd were removed in the remanufacturing process. Under the experimental condition used in this study, in the case of the remanufactured catalysts with impregnation of precious metals, the catalytic activities were recovered to almost the same level, or higher level of that of the fresh catalyst.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.95-101
• /
• 2012

The Co and Ni catalysts supported on $Al_2O_3$ for partial oxidation of methane producing hydrogen were synthesized using impregnation to incipient wetness. And the promotion effects of metals such as Mg, Ce, La and Sr in partial oxidation of methane over these $Co/Al_2O_3$ and $Ni/Al_2O_3$ were investigated. Reaction activity of these catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane was investigated in the temperature range of 450~$650^{\circ}C$ at 1 atm and $CH_2/O_2$ = 2.0. The catalysts were characterized by BET, XRD and SEM/EDX. The results indicated that the catalytic performance of these catalysts was improved with the addition of 0.2 wt% metal promoter. The Mg promoted $Co/Al_2O_3$ catalyst showed the highest $CH_4$ conversion and hydrogen selectivity at higher temperature than $500^{\circ}C$. The Ce and Sr promoted Ni catalysts superior to Co-based catalysts in the low temperature range. The addition of metal promoter to $Co/Al_2O_3$ and $Ni/Al_2O_3$ catalysts increased the surface area.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2004

Nickel oxide was recovered through roasting of a spent catalyst for hydrogenation reaction. Nickel on Kieselguhr catalysts were prepared by a precipitation method after a treatment of the recovered-nickel oxide with an acid. Effects of roasting temperature of the spent catalyst on recovery of nickel oxide was investigated. Most of nickel oxide could be recovered through roasting of the spent catalyst at $1000^{\circ}C$. In regeneration of catalysts by the precipitation method after the treatment of nickel oxide with an acid, the effect of promoter, precipitation condition and reduction condition on catalytic performance in vegetable oil hydrogenation were investigated. The addition of CaO or $Ce_2$$O_3$ resulted in an increase of catalytic activity.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.114.1-114.1
• /
• 2010

Fe계 촉매는 FT(Fischer-Tropsch) 합성반응에 매우 유망한 촉매로 주목받고 있으며, $280^{\circ}C$ 미만의 저온 FT 합성반응의 경우, 침전법이 Fe계 촉매의 가장 전형적인 제조방법으로 알려져 있다. Fe계 촉매에 첨가되는 조촉매로는 Cu, K, $SiO_2$ 등이 가장 대표적이며, 이 중에서 특히 구조 조촉매로 첨가되는 $SiO_2$는 Fe계 촉매의 기계적 강도를 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라, 촉매의 성능에도 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 침전법을 이용하여 저온 FT 합성반응용 Fe계 촉매를 제조하였고, 구조 조촉매로 첨가한 $SiO_2$의 원료물질에 따른 Fe계 촉매의 성능변화를 조사하였다. $SiO_2$의 원료물질로는 콜로이드 $SiO_2$와 분말 $SiO_2$를 이용하였으며, 분말 $SiO_2$를 이용한 촉매가 콜로이드 $SiO_2$를 이용한 촉매보다 다소 높은 CO 전환율 및 중질탄화수소 선택도를 나타내는 것을 확인하였다.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.153-163
• /
• 2015

The effects of H₂O and residue SO₂ in flue gases on the activity of the Fe/zeolite catalysts for low-temperature NH₃-SCR of NO were investigated. And the addition effect of Mn, Zr and Ce to Fe/zeolite for low-temperature NH₃-SCR of NO in the presence of H₂O and SO₂ was investigated. Fe/zeolite catalysts were prepared by liquid ion exchange and promoted Fe/zeolite catatysts were prepared by liquid ion exchange and doping of Mn, Zr and Ce by incipient wetness impregnation. Zeolite NH₄-BEA and NH₄-ZSM-5 were used to adapt the SCR technology for mobile diesel engines. The catalysts were characterized by BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM/EDS, TEM/EDS. The NO conversion at 200 ℃ over Fe/BEA decreased from 77% to 47% owing to the presence of 5% H₂O and 100 ppm SO₂ in the flue gas. The Mn promoted MnFe/BEA catalyst exhibited NO conversion higher than 53% at 200 ℃ and superior to that of Fe/BEA in the presence of H₂O and SO₂. The addition of Mn increased the Fe dispersion and prevented Fe aggregation. The promoting effect of Mn was higher than Zr and Ce. Fe/BEA catalyst exhibited good activity in comparison with Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst at low temperature below 250 ℃.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.196-203
• /
• 2020

In this study, a Cu/hexaaluminate catalyst was prepared by a co-precipitation method, and then a binder was added to form a pellet. A catalyst in which Ni and Ru promoters were added to a Cu/hexaaluminate pellet catalyst was prepared. This study focused on examining the effect of the addition of Ni and Ru promoters on the properties of Cu/hexaaluminate catalysts and the decomposition reaction of ADN-based liquid monopropellants. Cu/hexaaluminate catalysts had few micropores and well-developed mesopores. When Ru was added as a promoter to the Cu/hexaaluminate pellet catalyst, the pore volume and pore size increased significantly. In the thermal decomposition reaction of ADN-based liquid monopropellant, the decomposition onset temperature was 170.2 ℃. Meanwhile, the decomposition onset temperature was significantly reduced to 93.5 ℃ when the Cu/hexaaluminate pellet catalyst was employed. When 1% or 3% of Ru were added as a promoter, the decomposition onset temperatures of ADN-based liquid monopropellant were lowered to 91.0 ℃ and 83.3 ℃, respectively. This means that the Ru promoter is effective in lowering the decomposition onset temperature of the ADN-based liquid monopropellant because the Ru metal has excellent activity in the decomposition reaction of ADN-based liquid monopropellant, simultaneously contributing to the increase of the pore volume and pore size. After the thermal treatment at 1,200 ℃ and decomposition of ADN-based liquid monopropellant were repeatedly performed, it was confirmed that the addition of Ru could enhance the heat resistance of the Cu/hexaaluminate pellet catalyst.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.230.1-230.1
• /
• 2010

조촉매(Promotor)인 Na은 수성가스전이(Water Gas Shift, WGS) 반응 시 생성된 포름산염의 C-H결합을 쉽게 분해하는 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매의 성능 향상을 위해 Na의 담지량을 변화시켜 촉매적 활성을 비교하여 보았다. 제조된 담체는 침전법(Precipitation)을 사용하여 제조하였으며 $500^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 소성하였다. Pt 담지량은 1wt%로 고정하였고 Na 담지량은 1 wt%~5 wt%로 변화를 주어 동시(공)-함침법(Co-incipient wetness method)으로 담지 시켰다. 반응 실험은 공간속도(Gas Hourly Space Velocity, GHSV) $45,385h^{-1}$에서 수행하였다. WGS 반응 결과 3 wt%의 Na이 담지된 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매의 경우를 제외하고 나머지 Na이 담지된 촉매들은 비교적 높은 CO의 전환율을 나타내었다. 특히 2 wt%의 Na이 담지된 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매는 가장 높은 CO의 전환율을 나타내었다. 따라서 Na 담지량의 변화가 포름산염의 C-H결합 분해에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다.