• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.522-534
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• 1995

Background: In the pathogenesis of acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), oxygen radiclls are known to be involved in one part. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) protects oxygen radical-induced tissue damage by dismutating superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. In eukaryotic cells, two forms of SOD exist intracellularly as a cytosolic, dimeric copper/zinc-containing SOD(CuZnSOD) and a mitochondrial, tetrameric manganese-containing SOD(MnSOD). But there has been little information about SOD gene expression and its regulation in pulmonary alveolar macrophages(PAMs). The objective of this study is to evaluate the SOD gene expression induced by LPS and its regulation in PAMs of rat. Method: In Sprague-Dawley rats, PAMs obtained by broncholaveolar lavage were purified by adherence to plastic plate. To study the effect of LPS on the SOD gene expression of PAMs, they were stimulated with different doses of LPS($0.01{\mu}g/ml{\sim}10{\mu}g/ml$) and for different intervals(0, 2, 4, 8, 24hrs). Also for evaluating the level of SOD gene regulation actinomycin D(AD) or cycloheximide(CHX) were added respectively. To assess whether LPS altered SOD mRNA stability, the rate of mRNA decay was determined in control group and LPS-treated group. Total cellular RNA extraction by guanidinium thiocyanate/phenolfchlorofonn method and Northern blot analysis by using a $^{32}P$-labelled rat MnSOD and CuZnSOD cDNAs were performed. Results: The expression of mRNA in MnSOD increased dose-dependently, but not in CuZnSOD. MnSOD mRNA expression peaked at 8 hours after LPS treatment. Upregulation of MnSOD mRNA expression induced by LPS was suppressed by adding AD or CHX respectively. MnSOD mRNA stability was not altered by LPS. Conclusion: These findings show that PAMs of rat could be an important source of SOD in response to LPS, and suggest that their MnSOD mRNA expression may be regulated transcriptionally and require de novo protein synthesis without affecting mRNA stability.

• The Zoological Society Korea : Newsletter
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-50
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• 1999

시상하부에 극히 적은 수로 존재하는 신경분비세포인 성선자극호르몬-방출호르몬(gonadotropin-releasing hormone; GnRH) 뉴런은인간을 포함한 포유동물의 생식과 발생 과정에 있어 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. GnRH 뉴런은 배아 발생과정 중에 후판에서 유래하여 시상하부의 여러 영역으로 이동하며, 생후와 사춘기를 거치면서 분화를 계속한다. GnRH 뉴런에서 합성, 분비되는 10개의 아미노산으로 이루어진 작은 신경호르몬인 GnRH는 맥동적으로 분비되어 뇌하수체 성선자극 세포막에 존재하는 GnRH 수용체와 결합한 후 일련의 신호전달과정을 거쳐 성선자극호르몬의 합성과 분비를 제어하게 된다. GnRH의 합성과 분비는 글루탐산, 노르에피네프린, GABA와 같은 각종 신경입력과 스테로이드 호르몬에 의한 액성 피드백 신호에 의해 조절되나 이들의 GnRH 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향은 최근에 연구되고 있는 실정이다. GnRH 뉴런의 분화와 발생에는 다양한 신경영양인자들이 영향을 미치나 그 분자생물학적 기작은 아직 밝혀져 있지 않다. 본 논단에서는 신경호르몬인 GnRH와 그 수용체에 관하여 최근 연구성과를 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.100-103
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• 1999

열대 인도 지방이 원산지인 바실(Ociumu builicum L.)은 경제적으로 매우 중요한 작물로 전세계적으로 재배, 이용되고 있다 향을 함유한 잎은 생체 또는 건물로 과자나 음료 등에 향을 가미하기 위해 사용된다. 전통적으로 바실은 구풍제, 자극제, 진정제의 특성으로 민간요법에 이용되었다. 바실의 정유는 식품산업과 화장품에 이용되며 항균 효과도 지닌다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.20-33
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• 1994

우리나라에 있어서 양액재배는 지금으로부터 40년전으로 거슬러 올라간다. 그러나 현재의 발전수준은 양액재배가 발전된 나라들에 비하면 특히 그 수준이 저조한 상태에 머물고 있다. 그러나 최근에 들어 그러한 현상은 농민을 에워싼 환경의 변화에 따라 크게 자극을 받고 있다. 시설원예의 일부가 양액재배로 전환되어 가는 일이 전국적으로 확산되어가고 있다. 이러한 현상은 마치 사람이 깊은 잠을 자고 난 후에 다시 활발한 활동을 시작하는 것처럼 지구상의 생물의 주기적인 활동현상과 유사해서 장래의 발전에 기대가 된다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.283-291
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• 2023

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) are vital in cellular compartments, primarily regulating lipid metabolism. Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABPs) facilitate LCFA transport, lipid synthesis, storage, and act as signaling molecules influencing various pathways, including inflammation. FABP4, in particular, is linked to vascular and cardio-related diseases, and it plays a role in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Previous studies have identified FABP4 as not only a representative biomarker for lipogenesis but also as having correlations with immune responses. This study aims to investigate the regulation of the chicken FABP4 (chFABP4) gene by toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation and determine the signaling pathways that are involved in chFABP4 transcriptional regulation. We analyzed the transcriptional regulation of chFABP4 in TLR3-stimulated DF-1 cells. The results showed that chFABP4 was up-regulated upon stimulation with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC), a TLR3 ligand. Notably, chFABP4 transcription was independently regulated in the NF-κB signaling pathway. It was up-regulated in p38 inhibition, demonstrating that the p38 signaling pathway might suppress the transcription of chFABP4 within TLR3-activated DF-1 cells. In contrast, chFABP4 expression was down-regulated in JNK signaling pathway inhibition, suggesting the positive regulation of JNK signaling pathway for chFABP4 transcription in DF-1 cells in response to TLR3 activation, consistent with findings in macrophages. MEK pathway inhibition resulted in a similar regulation to NF-κB signaling. These results suggest that each MAPK contributes differentially to the transcriptional regulation of chFABP4 by in DF-1 cells in response to TLR3 activation.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1399-1410
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• 2009

It is a method to treat pain using medication, neurotomy, and surgery. And acupuncture, ultrasound, electric treatment, and magnetic treatment are applied as a alternative physiotherapy. Electronic therapy is useful but it can be affected by impedance of skin or subcutaneous tissue. So, percutaneous stimulation is leading therapy, that is very randomly. We developed the system which can stimulate parts of acupuncture point noninvasively using the focused magnetic field. And we designed the magnetic stimulation electrode which is considered efficiency of the magnetic stimulation. It can make similar stimulation with manual acupuncture. To confirm the availability and reliability we compared Meridian Electronic Potential(MEP) change between manual acupuncture and magnetic stimulation. From this result, we found out the MEP changes of manual acupuncture and magnetic stimulation were similar. And there were various response properties as changes of stimulation method, intensity, and frequency. Also, the MEP change can be induced by electromagnetic stimulation. We confirmed that it is possible to use electromagnetic stimulation as a acupoint stimulation or pain treatment instrument.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2024

In this study, we aimed to determine the effect on cerebral blood vessels of various stimulus intensities using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). In particular, we wanted to monitor changes in blood flow and structural changes in the blood vessels in the common carotid artery (CCA) through low-intensity electrical stimulation that can cause non-perceptual sensory stimulation. Twenty-four healthy adults in their 20s participated in this study. Three stimulus intensities (below the sensory threshold, at the sensory threshold, and above the sensory threshold) were applied in random order. Changes in blood flow velocity according to the intensity of TENS stimulus were measured by placing the Doppler ultrasound transducer 1 cm below the CCA bifurcation, and the vascular structure was measured using B-mode imaging. C-mode Doppler and B-mode images were acquired before, during, and after the intervention for each stimulus, and changes in blood pressure were measured in each session. As a result, it was confirmed that peak systolic velocity (PSV) decreased significantly after the intervention in non-perceived sensory stimulation below the threshold, compared to other thresholds (p = .008). In particular, the PSV decreased by 3.04% on average compared to before stimulation (p = .011). However, there was no significant change in the CCA diameters before and after stimulation at all intensities. It was found that short-term, non-perceptual sensory stimulation was effective in reducing the blood flow rate without causing significant changes in either the blood vessel diameter or blood pressure. This change appears to be caused by a decrease in blood flow due to the effect of subtle vasodilation at non-perceptual sensory stimulation, and at stimulation intensity higher than that, the sympathetic nerves in the blood vessels are stimulated excessively and the blood vessels constrict. Therefore, this study can be rated as an important attempt to control blood flow through stimulation without such a psychological burden and sensory discomfort in the carotid area.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2011

Since nesfatin-1/NUCB2 involved in the control of appetite and energy metabolism was discovered for the first time in hypothalamus, many reports have shown its expression in various tissues. We also recently demonstrated that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 was expressed in the reproductive organs of mouse. However, no data exist on nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression, regulation, and secretion in the uterus. Therefore, we examined the expression of nesfatin-1/NUCB2 in mouse uterus and the effects of PMSG and estrogen on its expression. NUCB2 mRNA expression in the uterus was determined by conventional and real-time PCR and nesfatin-1 protein expression was detected by western blotting. In immunohistochemistry staining, nesfatin-1 protein was localized at the epithelial cells of the uterine glands and endometrium. Nesfatin-1 protein binding sites were displayed at the epithelial cells of uterine glands and specific granulocytes including neutrophils. Additionally, to examine if the nesfatin-1/NUCB2 expression in the uterus is regulated by gonadotropin or estrogen, ovariectomized mice were treated with PMSG or $17{\beta}$-estradiol. The expression levels of NUCB2 mRNA in the uterus was significantly increased in the control mice after PMSG treatment, but not in the ovariectomized mice. In contrast, NUCB2 mRNA expression was dramatically increased in the ovariectomized mice after treatment with $17{\beta}$-estradiol. We report here for the first time that nesfatin-1/NUCB2 mRNA and protein express in the mouse uterus and its expression is regulated by estrogen secreted from the ovary, but not gonadotropin from the pituitary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.325-328
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• 2009

In this study, A Magnetic stimulation Pulse Train control technique is introduced and applied to Flyback converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode. In contrast to the conventional pulse width modulation control scheme, the principal idea of a Magnetic stimulation Pulse Train is to achieve output voltage regulation using high and low power pulses. The proposed technique is applicable to any converter operating in discontinuous conduction. However, this work mainly focuses on Flyback topology. In this paper, the main mathematical concept of the new control algorithm is introduced and simulations as well as experimental results are presented.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.186-201
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• 2002

Fructan(Levan)은 식물체 및 미생물에서 발견되는 탄수화물로 이는 과당(fructose)이 $\beta$-2, 6 결합으로 연결되어 있는 polysaccaride 이다. 본 연구에서는 Fructan을 생성하는 미생물(Zymomonas mobilis)과 10% sucrose(기질), 1-2% 효모 추출물을 주성분으로 하는 배지를 사용하여 30-37$^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0-7.0에서 20-24시간 동안 배양한후 원심분리하여 균체를 제거하고 3배량의 알코올을 가하여 침전, 건조하여 얻은 Fructan의 화장품 원료로서의 가능성을 조사하였다. 보습효과에 있어서는 Hyaluronic acid와 유사하였으며, keratinocyte에 대한 세포증식 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 3-D culture에 의해 구축된 생인공 피부내에 0.05%의 sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)를 사용하여 피부자극에 의한 초기 염증 반응을 유도한후 0.01mg/m1, 0.05mg/m1의 Fructan을 각각 처리하였을 때, SLS만을 처리한 생인공피부와 비교하여 세포증식효능을 보였고, SLS 자극물질로 유도된 전염증성 조절인자인 interleukin-l$\alpha$(IL-l$\alpha$)의 분비량을 조사 하였을때 0.01mg/ml, 0.05mg/ml의 Fructan을 처리한 생인공피부의 IL-l$\alpha$ 양이 Fructan을 처리하지 않은 것보다 상대적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과로 Fructan이 생인공 피부내 피부 세포의 증식효과를 나타낼 뿐만 아니라, 또한 피부자극물질에 의한 염증반응에 대해 자극완화효능이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 섬유아세포 및 동물을 이용한 안전성 시험에서도 독성이 없는 안전한 원료로 평가되었다.