• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.5-19
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• 2008

This study aims to provide the present general state of basic data about refrigeration and freezing warehouses scold storages because basic data about refrigeration and freezing warehouses are insufficient and imperfect at the moment. Research contents include the present general state of cold storages such as sales amount, capital(money invested), storage possession state by type, keeping area, cold storage facility capacity, and facility state such as existence of rack, building structure and floor height, and possessed facility state. According to research results, it was found that 86.7% of refrigeration and freezing warehouses are located in the capital region and Busan region in terms of regional distribution, and the average keeping area was found to be bigger in these two regions than that of other regions. In addition, the research shows that more than 80% of companies possess bonded warehouses and there was no big difference in the size and capacity of refrigeration and freezing warehouses. Regarding building structure, most of them were found to be reinforced concrete. However, only 25% of companies installed racks, but there was no statistical significance between existence of rack and the amount of capital and sales. Possessed facilities were found in the order of freight elevator, information system and dock. When it comes to cargo gear, companies were found to possess 9.1 units of forklift and 2.2 units of reach stacker in average. This research is expected to lay a basis for investigating, predicting and developing the local cold storage industry, and more detailed studies will be needed in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2013

This study was carried out to examine characteristics of physical and chemical current status and problems of Salix spp. communities based on growth characteristics by tree age and height of the tree species in around Namgang Dam reservoir area. Tree density in 4 survey areas was 5,284 trees/ha, but all areas need to control high tree density. Tree crown area in 4 survey areas was 9,786.4 $m^2/ha$ and crown area of Salix spp. was the most dominant among tree species in watershed of the Jinyang lake. Mean soil depth in 4 survey areas was 65.5 cm higher in the sedimental deposit soil (78 cm) than in forest soil (12.5 cm) near the watershed. Soil bulk density was also higher in the sedimental deposit soil than in forest soil because of poor porosity in the sandy sediment. Soil pH was higher in sedimental deposit soil (A, B horizon:pH 6.7) than in forest soil (A horizon:pH 5.3; B horizon:pH 5.2) because of originated from non-point source polution and detergent of domestic sewage. The results suggest that growth of Salix spp. could be poor because of low fertility with low cation exchange capacity in sedimental deposit soil.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of non-climatic environmental factors on growth performances and behavioural patterns of weanling pigs. Three hundred and sixty weanling pigs were contained and carried out with three levels of spaces per pig(0.18, 0.23 and 0.30$m^2$) and three different numbers of pigs per pen(15, 20 and 25 pigs) up to 30kg body weight. Designed by using a 3 $\times$ 3 factorial arrangement(three levels of spaces $\times$ three different numbers of pigs). This experiment investigated the effects of main factors and the relationship between each factors. The result of this experiment were summarized as follows ; 1. The reduction of floor space caused the reduction of feed/gain in the weanling pigs. Pigs responded with the increased feed intake(p<0.01) and with no change in body weight gain. 2. There were no significant differences in the body weight gain and feed/gain in weanling pigs by changing group sizes, but group size affected the feed intake significantly(p<0.01). 3. Space allowance affected the behavioural patterns significantly(p<0.01) of weanling pigs. The reduction of floor space caused the increment of aggressive behaviour and weanling pigs responded with the decreased resting, non aggressive social and play behaviour. 4. There were no significant differences in the resting, eating, aggressive and non aggressive social behaviour in weanling pigs by changing group sizes, but the large group size caused the reduction of play behaviour in the weanling pigs(p<0.01). 5. Therefore we concluded that weanling pigs require 0.23$m^2$ per pig and 20~25 pigs per pen for the better environment condition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 1996.01a
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• pp.1-95
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• 1996

전국에 산재한 수위관측지점의 관측개시 이후의 모든 홍수위 자료를 구성하고 주요 지점의 개별 홍수사상에 대한 단위도를 유도하여 지점별 대표단위도를 작성하였다. 또한 유도된 대표단위도를 이용하여 미계측 지점에 대한 단위도와 첨두홍수량을 추정하였다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1991년과 1992년에 이어서 1993년에도 홍수위자료의 수집과 정리에 역점을 두어 관업을 수행하였으며 조선하천조사서, 조선하천조사연보, 한국수문조사연보 등의 각종 문헌에 수록되어 있는 주요 홍수사상의 수문곡선을 판독하여 전국 220개의 수위관측지점에 대하여 총 5,735개 사상의 홍수위 자료를 구축하였으며 이를 자료집으로 구성하였다. 홍수사상에 대한 단위도를 유도하기 위하여 시우량자료는 기상청 자료를 중심으로 구성하였으며 효율적이고 안정적인 능형회귀방법을 이용한 단위도 유도 방법을 적용하여 사용자가 화면을 통해서 홍수사상과 유도된 1mm-1hr 단위도를 보고 적합한 단위도를 선택할 수 있도록 단위도 유도 프로그램을 개발하였다. 대부분의 홍수사상이 지정홍수위 이상인 범위만이 정리되었는데 지정홍수위 이하의 부분은 일수위로부터 읽은 값을 참고로 하고 대수보간을 하여 자료를 구성하도록 하였다. 개발된 단위도 유도 프로그램을 사용하여 지점별 홍수사상별로 단위도를 유도하여 유역별로 총 65개 지점에 대하여 952개의 단위도를 유도하였는데 한강 유역은 16개 지점에서 263개의 단위도를 유도하였고 낙동강 유역은 28개 지점에 460개 단위도를, 금강 유역은 7개 지점 82개 단위도를, 영산강 유역은 7개 지점에서 88개 단위도를, 섬진강 유역은 7개 지점에서 59개의 단위도를 유도하였다. 유도된 단위도들을 지점별로 평균하고, 이를 참고로 하여 Nash 모형을 이용한 지점별 대표단위도를 유도하여 정리하였다. 또한 유도된 대표단위도를 유역에 따라서 지점별로 비교하여 상하류간의 관계를 분석하였으며 신뢰할만한 결과로 판단되었다. 유도된 대표단위도의 첨두유량 및 첨두시간을 유역면적 등과 비교하여 그 관계를 검토하였다. 유역면적과 첨두유량 및 유역면적과 첨두시간의 관계는 비교적 일정한 경향을 보여주었으며 이를 이용하여 미계측 유역의 1mm-1hr 단위도를 추정하였다. 2년 빈도의 설계강우량에 대해서 유역면적이 50, 100, 1,000, 10,000, 20,000$\textrm{km}^2$인 경우 첨두홍수를 추정하였으며 유출률을 0.9로 할 때 4장에서 분석, 제시된 지점별 평균연최대홍수와 비슷한 값을 보여주었다. 따라서 미계측 유역에서는 설계강우량만 주어진다면 본 연구에서 추정된 미계측 유역의 단위도 추정 방법을 이용하여 첨두홍수를 추정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 단위도 유도 대상 지점은 전국의 수위관측지점이었으나 5대강을 제외한 기타 수계에 있어서는 수위자료뿐만 아니라 유량측정성과도 미비하여 단위도 유도를 하지 못하였다. 또한 유역면적 500$\textrm{km}^2$ 이하에서는 홍수위 자료는 있어도 유량측정성과가 없는 지점이 많았고 육량측정성과가 수 회에 불과한 지점이 대부분이었기 때문에 단위도를 유도할 수 없었다. 따라서 분석된 결과를 소유역으로 연장하는 것은 다소 무리가 따르며 대략 어느 정도가 될 것이라는 참고자료로 이용하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 현재의 여건에서는 소유역의 유량측정성과를 확충하는 일이 급선무일 것이다. 유역면적이 작은 수위 관측 지점에 대한 지속적인 유량측정이 절실히 요구된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is an experimental research to investigate the effectiveness of debris flow reduction structures when a debris flow disaster occurs on a steep slope. The control structure for debris flow took the form of baffle, and the soil deposition area and soil runout distance due to debris flow from the downstream were investigated according to the installation number of baffle and each specification. As the slope of the channel became steeper, the sediment deposition area and runout distance increased, and as the sediment volume concentration decreased, the sediment deposition area and runout distance increased. When the sediment concentration was low, differences appeared depending on the slope of the channel because the debris flow had a high liquid content. Overall, the larger the sediment volume concentration, the greater the decrease in sediment deposition area and soil runout distance. As the number of baffles increases, the soil deposition area and runout decrease, showing that the baffles have the ability to control debris flows. The results of this research will provide good information when installing attenuation or control structures when sediment disasters occur in steep slopes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.63-94
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• 1998

반추동물에게 조사료는 일정량 이상은 반드시 급여하여야 하나 우리나라에서는 노동력 부족과 기계보급이 저조하여 조사료 생산이 절대적으로 부족한 실정에 있다. 따라서 많은 농가에서는 볏짚과 농후사료 위주의 사양을 하고 있으며 부족한 부분은 도입 조사료에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 조사료에 비하여 농후사료의 이용비율이 높은 우리의 실정으로 볼 때 IMF의 구제금융 지원에 따른 환율의 급등은 도입사료 곡물가격의 상승으로 우리나라 축산업의 기반을 약화시키고 있다. 소 사육을 위해서는 양질조사료 생산이 필수적이므로 우리의 유휴 농경지를 이용하여 보다 값싼 조사료를 많이 생산하여 경쟁력 있는 축산물을 생산하는 것만이 이 어려운 시기를 극복할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 양질 조사료 생산은 그 지역에 가장 적합한 사료작물을 선정하고 가장 합리적인 작부체계를 이용하여 단위 면적 당 생산량을 최대로 높이고 농가의 경영형태에 알맞은 이용계획을 수립하여야 한다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

In this paper, the illuminating optics of asymmetric light distribution was studied, which allowed the light distribution to be uniform even for short-range irradiation on a wide illumination area. In the case of a light installed at a short distance, the light is not diffused enough because of the short irradiation distance. For this reason, it is difficult to satisfy uniformity of illumination. In addition, lighting design for asymmetric distribution is required because the lighting device is installed tilted, for visibility. Therefore, the design of lighting systems with asymmetric light distribution could achieve uniform illumination of the target surface even under short-distance irradiation. This was then applied to the license lamp, a lighting system featuring short light irradiation distance, to confirm that it satisfies the legal standards.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2024

The current survey form of grassland has not played its role in managing the grassland effectively because of the ambiguous questionnaire items and the absence of method and time of the investigation. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify and add the items for effective of grassland management. The survey form of grassland was regulated in Article 16 of the Enforcement Rules of the Grassland Act (Survey on Grasslands Management Status, etc.). The five contents that needed improvement were the grassland owner, the survey timing and method of established grassland, grassland used livestock, grassland usage condition, and grassland grade. In the improved survey form of grassland, the grassland owner was changed to the grassland manager. In addition, 'Survey by each land' was added to the improved survey form in which the managers can survey each land. The dimension of each grassland establishment method was deleted in the grassland establishment time and method. In the livestock using grassland, the number of livestock and the area where livestock are used were added, and the number of other livestock was added, too. The grassland grade was decided as the combined score by three evaluation categories; grassland usage, the ratio of forage production in grassland and kinds of forage. The high, middle, and low grades were over 8, 6~7, and under 5 points in the combined score, respectively. The results show that the changed survey form of grassland can make grassland management more efficient by materializing the subject of grassland management and the survey terminology and methods.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.457-467
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• 2003

Soil Precise Investigation(SPI) for river deposits and farmland soils around Goro abandoned Zn-mine, Korea was performed to assess the pollution level of heavy metals(As. Pb, Cd, Cu) and to estimate the remediation volume for contaminated soils. Total investigation area was about 950000 $m^2$, which was divided into each section of 1500 $m^2$ corresponding to one sampling site and 545 samples for surface soil(0-10cm in depth) and 192 samples for deep soil(10-30cm in depth) from the investigation area were collected for analysis. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb at all sample sites were shown to be lower than Soil Pollution Warning Limit(SPWL). For arsenic concentration, in surface soils, 20.5% of sample sites(104 sites) were over SPWL(6mg/kg) and 6.7%(34 sites) were over Soil Pollution Counterplan Limit(SPCL: 15mg/kg) suggesting that surface soils were broadly contaminated by As. For deep soils, 10.4% of sample sites(18 sites) were over SPWL and 0.6%(1 site) were over SPCL. Four pollution grades for sample locations were prescribed by the Law of Soil Environmental Preservation and Pollution Index(PI) for each soil sample was decided according to pollution grades(over 15.0 mg/kg, 6.00-15.00 mg/kg, 2.40-6.00 mg/kg, 1.23-6.00 mg/kg). The pollution contour map around Goro mine based on PI results was finally created to calculate the contaminated area and the remediation volume for contaminated soils. Remediation area with over SPWL concentration was about 0.3% of total area between Goro mine and a projected storage dam and 0.9% of total area was over 40% of SPWL. If the remediation target concentration was determined to over background level concentration, 1.1% of total area should be treated for remediation. Total soil volume to be treated for remediation was estimated on the assumption that the thickness of contaminated soil was 30cm. Soil volume to be remediated based on the excess of SPWL was estimated at 79,200$m^3$, soil volume exceeding 40% of SPWL was about 233,700 $m^3$, and soil volume exceeding the background level(1.23 mg/kg) was 290,760 TEX>$m^3$.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 1996

A mixed forest community of Abies holophylla and broad-leaved trees in Odaesan National Park was studied to determine the adequate number of plots of shrub stratum for investigating forest community structure. Thirty 5m*5m plots were set up in the shrub stratum, and species-area curve and performance curve were made out. The minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produce in number of plots produced less than the same percentage increase in number of species was six. The minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of plots was eleven. The minimum number of plots where the dominant species was distinguished from the subdominant species was five. The minimum numver of plots where the first subdominant species was distinguished from other subdominant species was ten. The diffrence of species diversity(H') between five or more plots and total thirty plots was less than 0.05. Similarity index was more than 70% between five or more plots and total thirty plots, and more than 80% between ten or more plots and total thirty plots. The conclusion is that the adequate number of 5m*5m plots for the shrub stratum was about 5 in general case and about 10 in case of requiring more accuracy.