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외상 후 스트레스 장애의 평가

  • Kim Jeong-Beom
    • 대한불안의학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.06a
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    • pp.185-213
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    • 2004
  • 우리는 살아가면서 흔히 개인적으로 극심한 스트레스를 겪거나 불행히도 어떤 뜻밖의 재난이나 큰 사고를 경험할 수 있다. 이런 외상적 사건들을 겪고 대부분의 사람들은 잘 극복할 수 있으나 일부 사람들은 심각한 의상 후 스트레스 반응을 보여 그런 외상이 지나감에도 불구하고 괴로운 기억 속에서 그것을 회상시키는 활동과 상황을 피하며 늘 불안한 마음으로 몸은 현재에 살고 있지만 마음은 실상 과거에 매달려 있고 과거의 고통 속에서 헤어 나오지 못하고 있다. 외상 후 스트레스 장애는 다른 불안 장애, 우울증처럼 흔한 질환으로 사회생활에 큰 지장을 주며 삶의 질을 손상시킨다. 그렇지만 외상을 당한 당사자들이 이런 이야기를 하기 꺼려하고, 이런 사람들을 진료실에서 종종 만날 수 있는 임상가들도 외상의 심각성과 외상 후 스트레스 장애에 대한 인식이 부족하여, 우리 주위에 많은 사람이 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 고생하고 있지만 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 진단되는 경우가 실제보다 훨씬 적다. 따라서 외상 후 스트레스 장애에 대한 평가를 배움으로써 더 많은 환자들을 정확히 진단하며 다른 질환과의 감별을 쉽게 할 수 있고, 환자들의 고통과 어려움이 과연 무엇인지 잘 알 수 있으며, 치료 표적과 치료 전략을 정하고, 치료 계획을 세우는 데 도움을 얻을 수 있다. 평가 방법으로는 구조화된 면담, 평가 척도, 정신 생리적 측정법, 치료자의 임상적인 결정 등이 있다. 향후에는 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 증상 정도뿐만 아니라 일상생활, 사회적 관계, 직업적, 사회적 적응 및 기능에 미치는 영향도 같이 평가하는 도구들이 개발되고, 현재 개발된 많은 평가 척도들이 새로이 수정되고 표준화되어, 이런 평가 척도들을 통해 외상 후 스트레스 장애의 경과와 외상 후 스트레스 장애로 인한 정신 사회적 영향을 더 잘 알 수 있는 자료들이 많이 수집되길 바란다. 대칭이, 작은대칭이, 펄조개는 저질이 니질인 곳에서 주로 서식하고 있었고 귀이빨대칭이는 사니질과 사질에 주로 서식하고 있었다. 특히 삽교호 수계 채집된 귀이빨대칭이는 사니질과 사질의 저질에서 출현하였다.및 내장낭 조직들이 중요한 에너지 저장소이며, 영양 공급 기관임을 알 수 있었으며, 폐각근 조직과 내장낭 조직들의 영양물질 함량 변화는 생식소의 에너지 요구에 따라 변하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.. 따른 신장 기능에 대한 영향을 평가해 보아야 한다.하를 조사한 결과, 연간 진동해역으로 유입되는 오염부하량은 부유물질 기준으로 전체 37,316 ton/yr로 추정되었고, 이중 육지기원 부하량이 9,809 ton/yr (26.3%) 였고, 해역의 침강량 23,576 ton/yr (63.2%), 양식생물의 배설량이 3,932 ton/yr (10.5%) 로 대부분이 해역의 침강량에 의한 것으로 조사되었다. 육지오염부하량이 변동이 없다는 전제 조건 아래, 진동만의 피조개 채묘장을 미더덕 양식장으로 품종전환시킬 경우, 전체 부하량은 산술적으로 약 196%가 증가한 72,998 ton/yr 가 되고, 양식생물의 배설량은 10배 정도 증가하게 되어 진동만의 오염부하를 가중하게 된다. 진동만은 여름철 빈산소수괴 및 적조가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으므로 미더덕 양식장을 새로이 시설할 경우 오염부하가 가중될 것으로 판단되어, 앞으로 진동만의 양식장 수용능력을 파악하여 적정량의 양식물량이 시설되어야 할 것이다.25 psu에서 가장 높게 나타났다.인 단백뇨는 진행성 경과의 위험성을 동시에 암시해 주는 매우 유용한 지표이다. 본 연구 결과 학교 신체 검사상에서 발견된 단독 단백뇨의 주된 원인은 기립성 단백뇨로 81.8%를 차지하였다. 그러나 지속성 단백뇨의 경우 비록 9.1%의 빈도를 보였지만, 신장 조직검사를 시행한 결과 진행성 경과를 취할 수 있는

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4 CASES OF MEDIASTINITIS AFTER REMOVAL OF ESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODY (식도이물 제거술후 발생한 종격동염 4례)

  • 이순영;우수경;최종욱;김광택
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1991.06a
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    • pp.35-35
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    • 1991
  • 식도이물은 대부분 상부식도에 위치하며 식도경술로 제거가 용이하지만 식도 점막내 매복된 이물이나, 식도경술의 합병증으로 인한 천공에 의하여 위급한 종격동염을 유발하는 경우가 있다. 이러한 종격동염은 하부식도에 위치한 이물 특히, 날카롭거나 표면이 불규칙하며 큰 경우에 유발하기 쉬우므로 초기에 개흉술을 통한 제거 또는 배농술 등의 적극적인 치료가 필요하다. 저자들은 1980년부터 1990년까지 10년간 본원에서 식도이물 제거술후 종격동염이 발생되어 개흉술 또는 배농술을 시행 받은 4례(틀니 1례, 칫솔 1례, 조개 껍질 1례, 생선 가시 1례)를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

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Evaluation of various cephalometric measurements to predict the prognosis of early Class III malocclusion treatment (III급 부정교합의 조기 치료 예후 예측를 위한 두부방사선 계측 변수의 평가)

  • Son, Myung-Ho;Chang, Young-Il
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.34 no.3 s.104
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    • pp.205-218
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    • 2004
  • The aims of this study were to investigate the differences in the early craniofacial morphology of Class III malocclusions with good, fair and poor occlusal stability and to elucidate a key determinant for distinguishing the cases. Lateral cephalograms of 30 subjects with Class III malocclusion in the mixed dentition were analyzed at the start of treatment (mean age of $8.58\pm1.47$). All subjects were reevaluated after a mean period of $7.50\pm1.94$ years comprising active treatment and retention. At this time, the samples were divided into three groups: good (10 subjects), fair (10 subjects) and poor (10 subjects) occlusal stability groups. According to the results of ANOVA, there were significant morphological differences in the early stage among the good, fair and poor occlusat stability groups, especially in variables that represented the vertical skeletal relationships. As well, there were already more dental compensations in the poor occlusal stability group. Stepwise discriminant analysis on the measurements at the time of first observation identified only one predictive variable: AB to mandibular plane angle(AB-MP). With this discriminant function, $83.3\%$of the original grouped cases were correctly classified and the canonical correlation coefficient was 0.857. In conclusion, AB-MP can be a possible predictor for the eventual prognosis of early Class III treatment. If it is below 60, the prognosis of early Class III treatment is expected to be poor, while if it is above 65, a good prognosis is expected.

Inhibitory Effects of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria on the Growth of Fish Pathogenic Bacteria, Streptococcus sp. (Candidate Probiotic Bacteria의 어류병원성 Streptococcus sp. 성장에 대한 억제 효과)

  • Lee, Minyeong;Kim, Eunheui
    • Journal of fish pathology
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.107-114
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    • 2014
  • For the treatments and protection of bacterial fish disease, many requirements are needed for aquatic probiotics so that they are effective in aquaculture animals but are also harmless to humans. In the present study, among 17 candidate probiotic bacteria (CPB) obtained from the edible part of the shellfish, Bacillus sp. CPB-St (CPB-St) were selected and in vitro evaluated for the possibility as a probiotic strain for the control of fish streptococcosis which frequently occurs in the olive flounder farms. CPB-St showed inhibitory effects on the growth of various fish pathogenic bacteria, Streptococcus sp., S. parauberis, S. iniae, Lactococcus garvieae and L. piscium by the double layer test ranging about 18~26 mm of clear zone. Inhibitory activity of CPB-St to Streptococcus sp. was observed 6 hours after and the growth of Streptococcus sp. was decreased to 8~55 folds in the co-culture of CPB-St with Streptococcus sp.. The safety of CPB-St to fish and survival of CPB-St in the intestine were assessed in the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish mortality was not observed in artificial infection with CPB-St for 2 weeks. CPB-St was entirely excreted from the stomach and intestine 24 hours after oral injection. This results indicate that CPB-St has potential applications as a probiotic for the control of fish streptococcosis in aquaculture.

A Study on the Image Registration Algorithms for the Accurate Application of Multimodality Image in Radiation Treatment Planning (방사선치료 계획시 다중영상 활용의 정확도 향상을 위한 영상정합 알고리즘 분석)

  • 송주영;이형구;최보영;윤세철;서태석
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.209-217
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    • 2002
  • There have been many studies on the application of the reciprocal advantages of multimodality image to define accurate target volume in the Process of radiation treatment planning. For the proper use of the multimodality images, the registration works between different modality images should be performed in advance. In this study, we selected chamfer matching method and mutual information method as most popular methods in recent image registration studies considering the registration accuracy and clinical practicality. And the two registration methods were analyzed to deduce the optimal registration method according to the characteristics of images. Lung phantom of which multimodality images could be acquired was fabricated and CT, MRI and SPECT images of the phantom were used in this study. We developed the registration program which can perform the two registration methods properly and analyzed the registration results which were produced by the developed program in many different images' conditions. Although the overall accuracy of the registration in both chamfer matching method and mutual information method was acceptable, the registration errors in SPECT images which had lower resolution and in degraded images of which data were removed in some part were increased when chamfer matching method was applied. Especially in the case of degraded reference image, chamfer matching methods produce relatively large errors compared with mutual information method. Mutual information method can be estimated as more robust registration method than chamfer matching method in this study because it did not need the prerequisite works, the extraction of accurate contour points, and it produced more accurate registration results consistently regardless of the images' characteristics. The analysis of the registration methods in this study can be expected to provide useful information to the utilization of multimodality images in delineating target volume for radiation treatment planning and in many other clinical applications.

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Inhibitory Activities of Basidiomycetes on Prolyl Endopeptidase, Acetylcholine Esterase and Coagulation (담자균 추출물의 Prolyl Endopeptidase, Acetylcholine Esterase 저해 및 항혈전 응고활성)

  • Lee, Hyun-Jin;Kim, Jong-Sik;Heo, Gun-Young;Lee, Kyung-Bok;Rhee, In-Koo;Song, Kyung-Sik
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.336-343
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    • 1999
  • Fifty six mycelial cultured Basidiomycetes were screened for their inhibitory effects against prolyl endopeptidase(PEP), acetylcholine esterase(AChE) and thrombus coagulation. Out of them, methanolic extract of mycelium and/or ethylacetate(EtOAc) soluble fraction from culture broth of Peniophora quercina, Amanita aspera, Phellinus chrysoloma, Grifola frondosa, Wolfiporia extensa, Clavicorona pyxidata and Phanerochaete sordida inhibited more than 90% of PEP activity at 40 ppm. The extracts of Lenzites betulina, Phellinus chrysoloma, Wolfiporia extensa, Phanerochaete sorrlida, Hypocrea nigricans, Coriolus azureus, Flammulina velutipes, Phlebiopsis gigantea and Bondarzewia montana exhibited about 40% of inhibitory activity against AChE at 40 ppm. In thrombin times assay, the extracts of Amanita aspera, Oxyporus latemarginata, Peniophora quercina, Fomes fomenfarius, Trametes versicolor, and Phlebiopsis gigantea delayed coagulation of thrombus about two to three times over control at ca 550 ppm. In activated partial thromboplastin times assay, none of the tested Basidiomycetes showed significant effect.

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TRAUMATIC BONE CYST : A CASE REPORT (외상성 골낭의 치험례)

  • Oh, Min-Hyung;Kim, Dae-Eop;Lee, Kwang-Hee
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.18-25
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    • 2005
  • Traumatic bone cyst is a nonodontogenic cyst without epithelial-linig which contains fluid in it's cavity, and it is limited by bone walls with no evidence of infection. Traumatic bone cyst is asymptomatic and appears more frequently in the second decade. Gender distribution is approximately equal, although males are affected slightly often than females. Radiographically the lesion shows a well demarcated radiolucent lesion of variable size and the lesion may have scalloped margins. The adjacent teeth to traumatic bone cyst remains vital. Traumatic bone cyst is usually treated by surgical exploration and currettage of the lesion. In the first case of this case report, the patient was refered from the local dental clinic for the radiolucent area under the left mandibular first molar. From the panorama radiograph at the first visit, the radiolucent area of the left mandible showed a well defined scalloped margin and identified as traumatic bone cyst. In the second case, the patient have visited for the chief complaint of swelling and abcess of right maxillary second premolar. In the radiographic check up with panorama radiograph, the radiolucent lesion with well demarcated scalloped margin was found in the right mandible body, and identified as traumatic bone cyst. In the first case, overinstrumentation was done through the mesial root canal to irrigate the lesion. In the second case, not any treatment was done, and watched the progression of the lesion. And in both cases, after two month, the radiolucency and the size of the lesion has decreased to show healing in progress.

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An Analysis on Prevalence and Allergen of Food Allergies (식품 알레르기의 유병률과 알레르겐 분석)

  • Lee, Kye-Hee
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.14-24
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    • 2014
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of food allergies and find out food allergens. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 2,415 subjects in D city, among whom 452 subjects believed that they had food allergy. Skin prick tests were performed on these subjects. The data were analyzed using SAS Version 9.0 and ${\chi}^2$-test. In addition, several recent studies were reviewed. Results: The prevalence rate of food allergic symptoms was 25.6% in males and 25.8% in females, respectively. The positive rate of skin prick tests among those who were allergic to any of 14 food items was 21.4% in males and 14.7% in females(p=0.018). Therefore, it was estimated that the prevalence rate of food allergy was 5.0% in males and 3.6% in females. It was shown that the major food allergens were hop, shrimp, lobster, oyster and egg(whole) in males, and egg(whole), hop, oyster, and pork in females, respectively. The prevalence in recent studies ranged from 1 to 35%. Major food allergens were milk, egg, nuts, fish, shellfish crustacean and fruits/vegetables. Conclusions: In order to provide effective care for food allergy, it is essential to find out the prevalence of food allergies and food allergens.

Vegetation Distribution Near Abandoned Metalliferous Mines and Seed Germination Properties of Woody Plants by the Contaminated Soils (폐광산 주변의 목본 식생 현황 및 오염 토양에 대한 목본 종자의 발아 특성)

  • Seo, Kyung-Won;Kim, Rae-Hyun;Koo, Jin-Woo;Noh, Nam-Jin;Kyung, Ji-Hyun;Kim, Jeong-Gyu;Son, Yo-Whan
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.47-57
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    • 2006
  • This study was carried out to select the Eco-tree for successful phytoremediation of abandoned metalliferous mines. We examined vegetation and heavy metal concentrations of woody plants in abandoned mining areas, and also conducted seed germination and seedling growth experiment on contaminated soils from Gahak and Geumjeong mines. Pinus densiflora, Robinia pseudoacacia, Lespedeza bicolor and Alnus japonica showed high frequency in the survey areas and had high heavy metal concentrations compared to other species. Heavy metal concentrations were higher in roots than in leaves and stems. The seed germination rate was in the order of P. densiflora, L. bicolor, R. pseudoacacia, and Alnus japonica from the incubactor and greenhouse experiment. In the incubator experiment germination rate was highest in the control soil for P. densiflora and A. japonica. Germination rate of P. densiflora was highest on the 100% contaminated soil for Gahak mine while germination rate decreased with increased percentage of contaminated soil for Geumjeong mine. In the greenhouse experiment germination rate was lowest on the 40% contaminated soil for Gahak mine while germination rate was lowest on the 20% contaminated soil for Geumjeong mine and increased with increased percentage of contaminated soil. Shoot growth was highest for L. bicolor while root growth was highest for R. pseudoacacia except for 20% contaminated soil in Geumjeong mine.

The Literary Investigation On Types and Cooking Method of Bap (Boiled Rice) During Joseon Dynasty($1400's{\sim}1900's$) (조선시대 밥류의 종류와 조리방법에 대한 문헌적 고찰(1400년대${\sim}1900$년대까지))

  • Bok, Hye-Ja
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.721-741
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    • 2007
  • 1. For the types of boiled rice, there were 1 type of bap, 1 type of jebap cooked with glutinous rice, 13 types of boiled rice cooked by mixing grains and nuts such as daemakban, somakban, jobap, cheongryangmiban, jobap, gijangbap, yulmubap, hyeonmibap, boribap and patmulbap as well as patbap, congbap, byeolbap and bambap etc as ogokbap. Also, there were 12 types of bap cooked by mixing herb medicinal ingredients such as cheongjeong, oban, boksungabap, gumeunsaekbap, hwanggukgamchobap, yeongeunbap, okjeongbap, gogumabap, dububap, samssibap, dorajibap, gamjabap, songibap and jukshilbap. There were 7 types bap cooked as unique one bowl dish at the present as bapby mixing fish, meat, shellfish and milk as ingredients are hwangtang, gyejanggukbap, janggukbap, gulbap, kimchibap, chusaban and bibimbap, etc and the types of bap that have been analyzed are 34 total. 2. For the food ingredients used in bap types 23 types of miscellaneous grains, 5 types of nuts and 11 types of meat, 6 types of fish, 35 types of vegetables, 2 types of fruit including pears or peaches were used. Garlic wasn't used perhaps because of it being boiled rice 3. Types of Sap by Cooking Methods. (1) The ssalbap was cooked by first boiling water, putting in rice grains and boiling hard to be cooked as overcooked bap (rice). (2) The japgokbap (boiled cereals) has used buckwheat, barley job's tear, etc to be boiled down by soaking the ones with large grains (beans) first in advance to be boiled down or cooked by crushing into fine pieces. The red bean, etc was boiled down in advance or placed at the bottom of pot by cutting into two pieces while jujube or nut was cut into three pieces to cook the bap by pouring a lot of water and mixing other ingredients. (3) The gukbap (soup boiled rice), etc were cooked by squeezing out the yellow chrysanthemum that has dried chrysanthemum to cook the boiled rice by putting in rice and gukbap, meat or bones, etc were boiled down for a long time and decorated with meat or wild greens by mixing the bap in the meat juice. For gulbap (oyster boiled rice), etc, it was cooked as ingredients were stir fried in advance or washed and put in when the bap was about half cooked. (4) For bibimbap (mixed boiled rice), after the bap was overcooked first with rice, the wild greens were mixed lightly with bap beforehand, then the wild greens, decorations and garnishings were laid above rice and red pepper powder was sprinkled. (5) Namchok leaves, etc were boiled to cook the boiled rice with rice after being cooled while namchok stem and leaves were pounded to make juice and cooked the bap with rice. The peach, lotus root and yams were cut into fine pieces to be put in together when rice was about half done. The bellflower was soaked in water to be boiled down for a long time while potatoes and pine mushrooms, etc were cut into fine pieces to cook the bap (boiled rice) with rice.