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The Effect of Vitamin E on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Injury and Fibrosis in Rat - Comparison of Penicillamine- or Deferoxamine-Treated Group - (백서에서 Bleomycin 투여로 인한 폐손상 및 폐섬유화에 대한 Vitamin E의 영향 - Penicillamine, Deferoxamine 투여군과 비교 -)

  • Jung, Soon-Hee;Yong, Suk-Joong;Ahn, Chul-Min;Shin, Kye-Chul;Choi, In-Joon;Cho, Sang-Ho
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.184-205
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    • 1995
  • Background: Pulmonary toxicity by bleomycin has multiple mechanisms including direct tissue toxicity due to oxygen-derived free radicals and indirect toxicity through amplification of pulmonary inflammation. To evaluate the effect of chelators or free radical scavenger to lung damage induced by bleomycin, penicillamine as a copper chelator, deferoxamine as an iron chelator and vitamin E as a free radical scavenger were administered. Methods: Two hundred Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, bleomycin treated, bleomycin-penicillamine treated, bleomycin-deferoxamine treated, and bleomycin-vitamin E treated groups. Rats sacrificed on day 1, day 3, day 4, day 7, day 14, and day 28 after treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage, light microscopic and immunohistologic studies for type I, III, IV collagens, fibronectin, laminin and NBD phallicidin were evaluated. Results: There was a significant increase in the total cell counts of bronchoalveolar lavage on day 1 from all treated animals and vitamin treated group showed an abrupt decrease in total cell counts with decrease of neutrophils on day 3. Bleomycin-vitamin E treated group had the least histologic changes such as pulmonary fibrosis. The alveolar basement membranes were positive for type IV collegen and laminin. Basement membranes of bleomycin, bleomycin-penicillamine, or bleomycin-deferoxamine treated groups were disrupted and fragmented on day 4 or 7. The bleomycin-vitamin E treated group had intact basement membranes until day 28. Conclusion: Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was related to the severity of acute injury to oxygen radicals or activation of neutrophils and disruption of basement membrane. Vitamin E seemed to be the most effective antioxidant in the inhibition of bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury and fibrosis.

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Performance and Ignition Characteristics of a Coaxial Swirl Injector using LOX-$GCH_4$ Propellant (액체산소/기체메탄 추진제를 사용하는 동축형 스월 인젝터의 성능 및 점화특성)

  • Kim, Do-Hun;Lee, In-Chul;Kim, Jin-Kon;Koo, Ja-Ye;Park, Young-Il
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2010.11a
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    • pp.72-76
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    • 2010
  • To research and develop a high performance injector for LRE, it needs not only cold flow test, but also investigations of combustion performance, optimization of cyclogram and thermo-fluid dynamical characteristics of combustion flow field through hot-fire test. In this study, hot-fire test of LOX-CH4 coaxial swirl injector has been carried out using lab-scale hot fire test stand which can supply and control cryogenic propellant. Ignition and continuous combustion for LOX-$GCH_4$ propellant of 0.19 kg/s total mass flowrate and 2.80 O/F Ratio was achieved through cyclogram optimization. The mean combustion chamber pressure and thrust were measured as approximately 1.43 MPa and 38.7 kgf respectively.

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Synthesis of Platinumporphyrin-Core Dendrimers as Luminescent Sensors for Pressure Sensitive Paints (압력 감지형 페인트용 발광 센서로 플라티늄포르피린 핵을 갖는 덴드리머의 제조에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Yeon-Tae;Heo, Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.17-27
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    • 2001
  • 플라티늄포르피린 핵과 주위에 8, 16, 32 그리고 64 개의 벤질 단위를 갖는 새로운 덴드리머를 압력 감지형 페인트에 사용할 발광체로 합성하였다. 플라티늄포르피린 핵을 갖는 제 1 세대의 덴드리머는 Lindsey형 합성법을 이용하여 제조하였으며, 제 2 세대에서 제 4 세대까지의 플라티늄포르피린 핵을 갖는 덴드리머는 플라티늄 테트라키스(3,5-디히드록시페닐)포르피린을 적합한 덴드론 브로마이드와 Williamson 에테르 합성법에 따라 알킬화반응시켜 제조하였다. 이러한 에테르 연결의 생성 반응들은 $K_2$CO$_3$와 18-크라운-6를 사용하여 아세톤 용매에서 질소 기류 하에서 6$0^{\circ}C$에서 수행하였을 때 가장 좋은 결과를 주었다. 그리고 이렇게 합성한 덴드리머들을 $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR, Mass spectrum 이용하여 구조를 확인하고, 그리고 UV-VIS spectroscopy를 이용하여 분광학적인 특성을 조사하였다.

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Reliability Prediction of Liquid Rocket Engines for Different Propellant and Engine Cycles (추진제 및 연소 사이클을 고려한 액체로켓 엔진의 신뢰도 예측)

  • Kim, Kyungmee O.
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2016
  • It is known that reliability of liquid rocket engines depends on the design thrust, propellant, engine cycle, and hot firing test time. Previously, a method was developed for estimating reliability of a new engine by adjusting the design thrust and hot firing test time of reference engines where reference engines have the same propellant and engine cycle with the new engine. In this paper, we provide a procedure to predict the engine reliability when the new engine and the reference engine have different propellant and engine cycles. The proposed method is illustrated to estimate the engine reliability of the first stage of Korea Space Launch Vehicle II.

Design and Impelmentation of a User-Centered Web-Based Learning Systemof French Inflectional Forms (사용자를 고려한 웹기반 불어 굴절 규칙 학습 시스템의 설계 및 구현)

  • 윤애선;김기혜
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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    • 2000.05a
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    • pp.143-149
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    • 2000
  • 본고에서는 불어 자동처리 연구의 기초이면서, 불어 초·중급 학습에 가장 큰 걸림돌로 여겨지는 불어 굴절 변화형의 분석 및 생성 교육 시스템 Inflection-edu를 소개한다. inflection-edu는 부산대학교 언어 정보 연구실에서 개발한 불어 형태소 분석-생성기를 기반으로 하였으며, 동사 8,249개, 명사 29,059개, 형용사 9,957개와 그 굴절 변화형을 모두 분석 및 생성할 수 있으며, 학습자를 위한 굴절 규칙 231개를 포함한다. 제 2 장에는 분석과 생성을 위한 모델화(modelling) 방법론을 제시하고, 제 3 장에서는 이 결과를 불어 교육 시스템에 연동하기 위한 인터페이스를 제시하고, 제 4 장에서는 Inflection-edu의 인터페이스를 소개한다. 제 5 장에서는 남은 문제와 향후 응용 방향을 알아본다. 형태소 분석기와 생성기능이 교육 시스템에 통합된 Inflection-edu는 70년대 개발된 프로그램과 같이 단순하고 반복적인 교수-학습 작업을 제공하는 것이 아니다. 학습자의 요구에 정확하고 빠르게 피드백을 줄 수 있으며, 좀 더 큰 단위의 분석 및 생성이 가능하도록 하여, 좀 더 지능적인 언어 교육 시스템을 구현하는 것을 그 개발 목표로 하고 있다.

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특집 - 인슐린 효과 증강제

  • Song, Gi-Ho
    • The Monthly Diabetes
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    • s.222
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    • pp.15-17
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    • 2008
  • 우리나라 당뇨병환자의 95%를 차지하고 있는 제 2형 당뇨병(인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병)은 크게 두 가지 기전에 의해 발생하게 된다. 하나는 포도당을 사용하고 만들어내는 근육이나 간에서 인슐린이 제대로 작용하지 않는 인슐린 저항성이고, 다른 하나는 인슐린 저항성을 극복하기 위해 췌장에서 인슐린을 많이 만들어야 하는데 필요한 양만큼을 못 만들어내는 인슐린의 상대적 부족 상태이다. 따라서 이 두 과정을 해결하면 혈당을 떨어뜨리고 몸의 포도당 농도를 정상으로 만들 수 있게 된다. 두 번째 과정인 인슐린의 상대적 부족을 해결하여 혈당을 조절하는 것으로 췌장에서 인슐린 분비를 촉진시키는 약제가 설폰요소제, 메글리티나이드이다. 그리고 첫 번째 과정인 인슐린 저항성을 극복하여 혈당을 조절하는 약제가 본 연제에서 다루게 될 메트포르민, 치아졸리디네디온제 계통의 약물로 인슐린이 작용하는 근육, 간에서 인슐린이 보다 효율적으로 작용하게 하여 인슐린 효과 증강제로 분류한다.

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Trend on content of preservatives for emotion-fusioned sheet mask cosmetics in markets (감성 융합형 시트 마스크 화장품의 보존제 함유량 실태)

  • Kang, H.J.;Kang, S.J.;Jo, G.H.;Lee, J.M.;Lee, G.W.
    • Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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    • v.8 no.11
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    • pp.159-165
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    • 2017
  • We were investigated the content of 7 preservatives for sheet mask samples(n=42) sold in markets of Daejeon metropolitan city in 2016. &3.3%(n=35) of all samples contained at least one of preservatives. In samples of 30.95(n=14) and 2.39%(n=1) was detected with 2 and 3 preservatives. Phenoxyethaol(PE), methylparaben(MP), chlorphenesin(CP) and benzyl alcohol(BA) showed detection rate of 76.19(n=32), 16.67(n=9), 21.43(n=7) and 2.38%(n=1), respectively. Also The content of detected preservative showed range of 0.06~0.71, 0.18~0.35, 0.06~0.71 and 0.32% and was within the maximum allowed amount established by Korean FDA. However ethylparaben(EP), propylparaben(PP) and benzylparaben(BP) in all samples was not detected. These results can be useful for sharing in emotion-fusioned information and supplying right to know of user.

Fine Structure of the Antennal Sensilla of the Millipede Oxidus gracilis(Polydesmida: Paradoxomatidae) (고운까막노래기(Oxidus gracilis) 안테나 감각모의 미세구조)

  • Chung, Kyung-Hwun;Moon, Myung-Jin
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.231-238
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    • 2007
  • Although the biological significance of the antennal sensillae to millipedes are widely understood, the structure and function of the antennal sensillae are still not clear and more precise analysis is required. Thus, this study initiate to reveal the fine structural characteristics of various sensory receptors on the antennae of millipede Oxidus gracilis were observed with field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). The antennae generally include eight segments, called articles. On the surface of the antennae, there are a variety of sensory receptors which include olfactory and mechanical receptors. We could identify four different types of antennal sensillae in O. gracilis as follows: apical cone sensilla, trichoid sensilla, chatiform sensilla and basiconic sensilla. The most prominent is four large spital cone sensillae on distal tip of the 8th article. Both of trichoid and chaetiform sensillae are abundantly observed at the most of antennal articles. These sharply pointed structures are inclined and slightly curved toward the apex of the sensilla. The basiconic sensilla are further divided into three subtypes: large basiconic sensilla($Bs_1$), small basiconic sensilla($Bs_2$) and spiniform sensilla($Bs_3$). The $Bs_1$ is located at the 5th and 6th articles, while the $Bs_2\;and\;Bs_3 can be seen at the 5th and 7th articles, respectively.

Current Status and Perspective of Weed Management in Herbicide-Resistant Crops (제초제 저항성작물에서 잡초관리기술 동향 및 전망)

  • Pyon, Jong Yeong;Chang, Kyu Seob;Lee, Jeung Joo;Park, Kee Woong
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.221-229
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    • 2013
  • This paper reviews current status of weed control practices in herbicide-resistant crops to examine weed management strategies in cope with cropping herbicide-resistant crops in the near future. Herbicide-resistant crops were rapidly adopted weed management technologies due to broad-spectrum weed control without crop injury. Transgenic glyphosate-resistant cultivars in soybean, corn, canola, and cotton were adopted to manage weeds at lower cost in a simplified weed management system. Dual stack crops with glyphosate and glufosinate resistance were developed to control glyphosate resistant weeds in corn, soybean and cotton. New multiple herbicide-resistant crops with resistance to glyphosate and glufosinate, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, synthetic auxin herbicides, 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors will expended the utility of existing herbicide technologies to manage the evolution of resistant weeds. However, herbicide resistant crops alone cannot solve weed problems and thus studies on diverse weed managements using an array of alternating herbicides of mode of action, mechanical, and cultural practices are needed for integrated weed management systems in the future.