• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.6 s.113
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• pp.459-474
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• 2005

Making a precise and ideal set-up model is an essential part in the indirect bonding procedure for lingual orthodontic treatment. To evaluate the accuracy of the making a set-up model, 22 adult patients who received lingual orthodontic treatment with 4 bicuspid extractions were selected, and 3 sets of dental models (before, set-up, and after treatment) were measured using the set-up model gauge, an instrument for measuring the inclination and angulation of the clinical crowns on the dental model. Two sets of lateral cephalograms (before and after) from each patient were also evaluated. The mean difference between the before treatment model and the set-up model was $-3.93{\pm}6.98^{\circ}$ for the inclination and $1.87{\pm}5.79^{\circ}$ for the angulation. And the mean difference between the set-up model and the after treatment model was $-4.31{\pm}5.91^{\circ}$ labiolingually and $-2.16{\pm}3.27^{\circ}$ mesiodistally, The after treatment model differed from the before treatment model about $-8.24{\pm}5.39^{\circ}$ in inclination. There were no significant difference between the measured gauge that measured from the dental model using the set-up model gauge and the calculated gauge angle measured from the lateral cephalogram using constructed points and lines. Using the set-up model gauge, it is possible to evaluate the study model 3-dimensionally in relation with the patient's lateral cephalogram and establish whether the doctor's prescription or overcorrection is built in the set-up model precisely.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.582-588
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• 1998

The male reproductive system of Macrobrachium nipponense consists of a pair of lobulate testes enveloped within a mesenteric sheath extending the length of the carapace. The paired vasa deferentia originated from the mid-lateral region of each testis and extended to the genital pores at the base of the fifth walking legs. The vas deferens has four morphologically distinct regions, i.e., a short and slender proximal region, a long convoluted region, an elongate distal region and an ejaculatory duct that terminates at the genital pore. The sperm mass produced in the testes is surrounded by a basophilic matrix adjacent to the high columnar epithelium and an eosinophilic matrix adjacent to the simple columnar epithelium. The sperm cord is stored in the ejaculatory duct until it is ejaculated. Androgenic gland is found near the subterminal region of the ejaculatory duct between the muscles of the coxopodite of the last thoracic leg. The cell of the androgenic gland is about 6~8 $\mu$m in length, characterized by with extended chromatin in the large nucleus that stained weakly with hematoxylin and there is a large quantity of cytoplasm. The sperm of M. nipponense are typical of the palaemonid type, having a convex, cup shaped head and an elongated spike extending from the centre of the convex head. The spermatophore consisted of an eosinophilic matrix, a basophilic matrix and paired sperm masses which was surrounded by the basophilic matrix. It generally shows a bilaterally symmetrical structure.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.19 no.1 s.27
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• pp.123-135
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the depth of antegonial notch and the craniofacial morphology, and to predict the mandibular growth direction & potential in class III malocclusion. The computerized analyses were carried out on longitudinal lateral cephalometric radiographs of 50 children with class III malocclusion, divided into two groups ; 30 deep notch subjects (more than 2.6mm) and 20 shallow notch subjects (less than 1.5mm). The conclusions were as follows: 1. The mandibular growth direction in deep notch group was more vertically directed than in shallow notch group. 2. Deep notch group had shorter anterior & posterior cranial base than shallow notch group. 3. There was not significant difference between deep & shallow notch groups in the amount of mandibular growth during treatment period. 4. Notch depth increased in both deep & shallow notch groups during treatment period.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 1989

바구미 상과(上科) 갑충(甲蟲)은 세계적(世界的)으로 6만종(萬種)의 기록(記錄)이 있는 동물계(動物界) 최대(最大)의 분류군(分類群)으로서 특히 바구미과(科), 소나무좀과(科)는 임목(林木)의 천공성(穿孔性) 해충(害蟲)으로서 중요시(重要時)되고 있다. 이들 유충(幼蟲)의 연구(硏究)는 계통분류학상(系統分類學上) 중요(重要)할 뿐만 아니라 해충(害蟲)을 유충(幼蟲)으로서 동정(同定)한다는 응용면(應用面)으로도 임업적(林業的)인 차원(次元)에서 대단히 필요(必要)함에 본(本) 논문(論文)에서는 바구미상과(上科) 유충(幼蟲)의 형태(形態)를 상세(詳細)히 관찰 비교연구(比較硏究)에 Key가 되는 형질(形質)에 관하여 조사(調査)하였다. 1. 두부(頭部) : 단안(單眼), 촉각(觸角), 상진(上唇), 하진(下唇), 두순(頭楯), 대시 소시수, 자모(刺毛), 감각공(感覺孔), 전두봉합선상인두(前頭縫合線上咽頭), 상인두대(上咽頭帶) 2. 흉부(胸部) 복부(腹部) : 전배판(前背板), 후배판(後背板), 기문(氣門), 상측판측판(上側板側板), 지부(肢部), 흉부(胸部)와 제(第)1복절(腹節)의 추(皺)와 근육(筋肉)의 관계(關係), 자모(刺毛)

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 1994

To prepare soybean curds, the concentration of $CaCl_2,\;MgCl_2,\;CaSO_4$ and glucono-%{\delta}$-lactone fresh solution as coagulants were determined by transmittance of whey using spectrophotometer. The concentrations of four coagulants at which the transmittance had the highest value were chosen. Moisture content, yield and protein recovery of soybean curds prepared with four coagulants were investigated. The textural properties were examined by Instron Universal Testing Machine, and sensory evaluation was carried out. The microstructure of soybean curds was examined by SEM. Soybean curds obtained with $CaCl_2\;and\;MgCl_2$ were hard and coarse, and had roasted nutty taste, whereas those with $CaSO_4$ and GDL revealed very smooth, soft and uniform. Soybean curd prepared with GDL had the lowest acceptability because of sour taste. The texture and acceptability of soybean curds were influenced by the type of coagulant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1096-1101
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• 1997

Soy curd was prepared using imported soybean(U.S.grade A) and changes in quality were evaluated using different types and mixtures of coagulants(CaCl$_2$, CaSO$_4$, MgCl$_2$, MgSO$_4$, and glucono-$\delta$-lactone). Quality of soy curd was determined by rheological properties, yield, and color. Based upon the characteristics of each coagulant, mixtures of two coagulants were prepared in various ratios. The mixture of CaSO$_4$or MgCl$_2$with glucono-$\delta$-lactone(GDL), and that of CaSO$_4$or MgCl$_2$with MgSO$_4$resulted in soy curd of good quality in terms of rheological properties and yield.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2009

The reproductive cells in testes of Microphysogobio yaluensis were investigated using light and electron microscopes. The testis of Microphysogobio yaluensis consisted of numerous testicular cysts contained synchronized cells. Sperms were full in testicular sacs of mature testes. Leydig cells were located among testicular cysts. The nucleus of primary spermatocytes was round and mitochondria were congregated in cytoplasm. The size of secondary spermatocyte was smaller than that of primary spermatocyte and the nucleus of a secondary spermatocyte was round or oval. In spermatids, the nucleus was round and electron-dense. In spermiogenesis, the nucleus was condensed and a flagellum started to be formed. The mitochondria were rearranged along the flagellum. The sperm had a round head, the acrosome was not found and a motile flagellum consisted of an axoneme with a typical 9+2 pattern of microtubule.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.193-199
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• 2007

Purpose: Combined resection of an invaded organ in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) with infiltration of adjacent organs is essential to achieve R0 resection. However, when the tumor invades the head of the pancreas or duodenum, R0 resection interferes with the lower resectability and results in a higher morbidity. Wereviewed these cases retrospectively and considered the proper extent of the surgical resection. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed cases where patients underwent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma at the Department of Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, between January 1998 and December 2003. Among the 45 patients who were suspected to have pancreatic head or duodenum invasion by a primary tumor or metastatic lymph nodes based on the operative findings, we included 22 patients without incurable factors. The patients were classified into three groups: 4 patients that underwent a combined resection (PD group), 12 patients that underwent a palliative subtotal gastrectomy (STG group) and 6 patients that underwent bypass surgery only (GJ group). We analyzed the clinicopathological features, operative data and results. Results: The patients of the PD group achieved R0 resection by PD with D3 Dissection in all Patients. A pancreatic fistula was observed in one patient (morbidity 25%). There was no surgery-associated mortality (mortality 0%). All patients of the PD group were in stage IV. However, the 2-year survival rate (SR) was 75% and the 5-year SR was 50%. Six patients of the STG group underwent surgery with marginal resection and the other six patients of the STG group had a positive distal resection margin. The 2-year SR was 41.7% and the 5-year SR was 16.7%. Most of the patients of group GJ were of old age (mean age: $72.7{\pm}8.6$ years) or had chronic diseases. The 2-year SR was 0%. Conclusion: Combined resection of the pancreas and duodenum in AGC with pancreatic head invasion is relatively safe with moderate morbidity and a lower mortality. One can expect long-term survival if combined resectionis performed in cases without incurable factors.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.2 s.73
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• pp.277-284
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between the treatment duration and cephalometric measurements and the PAR index in Class I malocclusion patients. In 100 Class I malocclusion patients, PAR score and cephalometric measurements were taken from study model and cephalometric radiographs and analyzed statistically. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. treatment duration was correlated with extraction and pre PAR index. 2. ANB, FMA, FMIA and IMPA exhibited positive correlation between pre PAR index and pretreatment cephalometric measurements. 3. $\underline{1}$ to FP exhibited positive correlation between post PAR index and posttreatment cephalometric measurements, and $\overline{1}$ to FP exhibited negative correlation. 4. $\underline{1}$ to SN, IIA and $\overline{1}$ to FP exhibited positive correlation between ${\%}\;PAR$ reduction and the change of cephalometric measurements and FMA FMIA, WITS and UL exhibited negative correlation. The results of this study indicate that PAR index taken from study model relate with items concerned with upper and lower incisors, and there are the tendency that pretreatment PAR index are larger in the patients with large Am value and hyperdivergent face.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.255-268
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the stages of calcification of various teeth and skeletal maturity stages among Korean subjects. The samples were derived from hand-wrist, panoramic radiographs, and lateral cephalograms of 743 subjects (359 males and 384 females) with ages ranging from 6 to 14 years. Calcification of seven permanent mandibular teeth on the left side were rated according to the system of Demirjian. To evaluate the stage of skeletal maturation, hand-wrist radiographs were analyzed by skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) system of Fishman and lateral cephalograms by cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method of Baccetti. Statistically significant relationships were found between dental calcification and skeletal maturity stages according to Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients (r = 0.40-0.84, p < 0.001). The second molar showed the highest correlation and central incisor showed the lowest correlation for female and male subjects. For both sexes, canine stage G and second molar stage F were related to SMI 6 and CS 3. Because of the high correlation coefficients, this study suggests that tooth calcification stages from panoramic radiographs might be clinically useful as a maturity indicator of the pubertal growth period in Korean patients.