• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 1983

An experiment on the rearing of tilapia stocked in closed recirculating tanks eliminating biological filter beds was carried out at the Fish Culture Experiment Station of the National Fisheries University of Pusan, from May 18 through October 21, 1982, and the growth rates, feed conversion, water quality, spawning prevention and space utilization efficiency were discussed. Finally discussed is the feasibility on the establishment of commercial production units. On the water quality, the water temperature ranged from $22.8^{\circ}C\;to\;29.1^{\circ}C$, and total ammonia arround 10 ppm or slightly up. Maintaining phytoplankton bloom was not successful probably because of the active consumption by the heavily stocked tilapia. Several attempts were made by changing the culture water with green water from a nearby earthen pond with results of fading-away in a couple of days. Feed conversions were relatively high ranging from 0.9 to 1.2 except for experiment 1 when the fish were not fully recovered from weakened wintering state. The feed used was partly laboratory prepared $25\%$ protein diet and mostly commercially available $39\%$ protein carp feed. Spawning was completely controlled during the experiment, resulting from density effect, which ranged from 10kg to 40.7kg per square meter with water depth of 0.5 to 0.6m. Space utilization efficiency was very high. Daily net production from the experiment division 3, which showed the highest result, was 6.206 kg per tank, which is calculated 3,235 metric tons per hectare per year, This time, water temperature ranged from 27.8 to $29.1^{circ}C$, average being $28.4^{circ}C$, and total ammonia arround 10 ppm. An estimation for the commercial set-up of the production system based on the results of experiment divisions which had initial stocking rate $15\;kg/m^2$ or up, is made. If the total facility, 8 tanks comprising $56\;m^2$ in surface area, is used for the present study, the yield would become 5,639 kg from 200 day rearing, which would be possible under double sheets vinyl house without additional heating, and it is thought feasible in the economic view point, when 10 or more units are operated.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.217-226
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• 2015

This study was conducted to establish a standardized process for developing food safety health indicators. With this aim, we proposed a standardized process, accessed the validity of the suggested process by performing simulations, and provided a method to utilize the indicators. Developing process for domestic environmental health indicators was benchmarked to propose a standardized process for developing food safety health indicators, and DPSEEA framework was applied to the development of indicators. The suggested standardized process consists of an exploitation stage and a management stage. In the exploitation stage, a total of 6 procedures (initial indicators suggestion, candidate indicators selection, data availability assessment, feasibility assessment, pilot study, and final indicator selection) are conducted, and the indicators are routinely calculated and officially announced in the management stage. The exploitation stage is operated by an interaction between a task force team who manages the overall process, and an advisory committee (minimum of 4 in academia, 2 in research, 4 in specialists of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) who reviews and performs evaluations on the indicators. The standardized process was simulated with 45 initial indicators, and total of 4 indicators (17 detailed indicators) were selected: 'Proportion of domestic fruit/vegetable receiving 'acceptable' in the evaluation of pesticide/herbicide residues', 'Food-borne disease outbreaks', 'Food-borne legal infectious disease incidence', 'Salmonellosis incidence'. Synthetic food safety health index was derived by calculating percent difference with the data from 2010 to 2012. Results showed that when comparing the year 2010 to 2011, and 2011 to 2012, the overall food safety status improved by 10.37% and 9.87%, respectively. In addition, the contribution of indicators to the overall food safety status can be determined by looking into the individual indicators, and the synthetic index may be illustrated to enhance the ease of interpretation to the public and policy makers. In overall, food health safety indicators can be useful in many ways and therefore, attention should be drawn to conduct further studies and establish related legislations.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.357-366
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of dental hygienist job according to judgment standard of medical practice in medical law. In this study, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey to evaluate the validity of dental hygienist job for 12 professors of dental college in Gangneung-Wonju National University from November 10 to 20, 2017. We investigated whether the dental hygienist job conforms to the three criteria of medical practice such as disease prevention and treatment, patient care, and health hazard. The response rates were scored and classified into four categories according to the final score. As a result of this study, dental hygienist job are classified into four categories according to judgment standard of medical practice. The higher the level of the category, the higher the degree of difficulty, and the higher the level of expertise and skills required. More than 50% of respondents answered that measuring the gingival pocket, bleeding on probing, professional tooth cleaning, oral health education, counseling after dental treatment are all three criteria for medical treatment. And these were classified into Level 4 group which requires the difficulty and expertise in the final score 4.3. It is necessary to develop and utilize standardized guidelines on the level of knowledge, education, and qualification standards required for dental practice in order to effectively allocate work among the dental personnel while ensuring the health rights of patients in the dental clinic field in Korea. In addition, there is a need to evaluate the various aspects of cost effectiveness, dental health service productivity, and health promotion contribution to dental hygienist jobs, And based on this evidence, it is necessary to continue to expand and adjust the dental hygienist job and to reorganize the dental workforce system.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 2012

The information on the economic value of industrial water use is widely demanded in policy analysis area as well as academic research area. Therefore, this study attempts to obtain more accurate economic value of industrial water use using the economic theory. To this end, we conducted a survey of 1,017 manufacturing firms and estimated the economic value of industrial water use based on the concept of value of marginal product (VMP). Moreover, this study tried to estimate the VMP of three industrial water types, river water, precipitated water, and purified water. The results show that the VMPs of river water, precipitated water and purified water are estimated to be 769.24 won/$m^3$, 896.76 won/$m^3$ and 1,861.95 won/$m^3$, respectively. The value for the precipitated water found in this study is not significantly different from that (885.1 won/$m^3$) used in the pre-feasibility test implemented by Korea Development Institute (KDI). These imply that the latter is appropriate for evaluating the economic benefit of supplying industrial water, though it is based on 2003 Industry Survey.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.208-220
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• 2011

Korean traditional practice that gets a gravesite for burial and reckless grave establishment not only obstructs systematic national land management and reasonable urban development, but also causes a serious factor which has a harmful effect on natural environment and residential space in reality that our country is limited in area and national and social bases for use and establishment of graves are still inadequite. Though government and local governments have tried to cope with these problems by enacting legislation on funeral and others and so forth, they still have a variety of problems due to the shortage of grave management systems and information of accumulated individual graves. This study describes about the development of a GIS-based grave management system for making administrative management for individual cemeteries the prime object. As a result of application to a pilot area, the system developed in this study was able to be applied for supporting the time-limited burial system and managing cemeteries for those who left no relatives behind by constructing the database with grave-related position/attribute information which are collected by administrative system or direct survey. In addition, it is expected that this system will be utilized as a systematic management method that can be handed down the present or the future descendants under the tradition of the family-oriented funeral culture.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.109-130
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• 2020

Recently, the importance of research and development for technological innovation is increasing. The rapid development of research and development has a number of positive effects, but at the same time there are also negative effects that accelerate crimes of information and technology leakage. In this study, a research security level measurement model was developed that can safely protect the R&D environment conducted at the organizational level in order to prepare for the increasingly serious R&D result leakage accident. First, by analyzing and synthesizing security policies related to domestic and overseas R&D, 10 research security level evaluation items (Research Security Promotion System, Research Facility and Equipment Security, Electronic Information Security, Major Research Information Security Management, Research Note Security Management, Patent/Intellectual Property Security Management, Technology Commercialization Security Management, Internal Researcher Security Management, Authorized Third Party Researcher Security Management, External Researcher Security Management) were derived through expert interviews. Next, the research security level evaluation model was designed so that the derived research security level evaluation items can be applied to the organization's research and development environment from a multidimensional perspective. Finally, the validity of the model was verified, and the level of research security was evaluated by applying a pilot target to the organizations that actually conduct R&D. The research security level evaluation model developed in this study is expected to be useful for appropriately measuring the security level of organizations and projects that are actually conducting R&D. It is believed that it will be helpful in establishing a research security system and preparing security management measures. In addition, it is expected that stable and effective results of R&D investments can be achieved by safely carrying out R&D at the project level as well as improving the security of the organization performing R&D.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.139-192
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• 2000

1997년 외환위기 이후 우리나라의 정부부채는 급속히 증가하여 왔다. 일반적으로 재정적자 및 정부부채의 증가는 여러 가지 거시경제적 부작용을 초래할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구의 목적은 그중에서 특히 재정악화의 결과 물가상승이 유발될 가능성을 실증적으로 살펴보는 것이다. 정부의 예산제약을 고려하면 재정악화는 궁극적으로 미래의 재정수지 흑자나 물가상승을 통하여 해소될 수 밖에 없다. 재정주의적 물가결정이론은 바로 이러한 점에 착안하여 재정이 물가의 결정에 대항 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 강조한다. 즉, 미래의 정부기초수지에 대한 예상이 일정하다면 물가는 궁극적으로 통화가 아니라 재정에 의하여 결정된다는 것이다. 그러나 반대로 미래의 통화정책에 대한 예상이 일정하다면 현재의 재정적자는 미래의 재정흑자를 유발할 뿐이며 물가에는 영향을 미치지 못할 것이다. 따라서 실제로 재정악화가 얼마나 물가상승을 유발할 것인가는 실증적으로 결정될 수밖에 없다. 기존의 OECD 국가들에 대한 실증분석에 의하면 재정수지는 통화량이나 물가에 대하여 뚜렷한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타난다. 그러나 기존의 실증분석들은 대부분 미래의 재정수지에 대한 예상을 제대로 고려하지 않고 있으므로, 이러한 결과가 재정주의적 물가결정이론에 대한 정확한 검정을 제공하는 것이라고 볼 수는 없다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제의식하에 선진국과 개도국의 자료를 이용하여 재정주의적 물가결정이론의 타당성을 재검토해보고자 한다. 먼저 선진국에 대해서는 VAR모형의 충격반응(Impules Response)을 이용하여 재정수지에 대한 예상을 직접 고려함으로써 앞서 설명한 편차의 가능성을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 한편 개도국의 경우에는 일반적으로 재정규율이 낮을 것으로 예상되므로 미래의 재정수지에 대한 명시적인 고려가 없이도 재정적자 및 정부부채의 확대가 물가 및 통화량에 미치는 관계가 비교적 용이하게 관찰될 수 있을 것으로 예상할 수 있다. 본 연구의 실증결과에 의하면, 먼저 비교적 재정규율이 강할 것으로 예상되는 OECD 국가들에서는 기존의 실증분석결과와 마찬가지로 정부부채의 증가가 주로 그 이후의 기초수지의 개선을 통하여 보전되며 물가에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타난다. 그러나 OECD 국가들 가운데에서도 재정규율이 비교적 약한 나라들에서는 부채 증가 후 기초수지에 뚜렷한 변화가 관찰되지 않으며 따라서 물가가 상승하는 것으로 나타난다. 또한 재정규율이 일반적으로 약한 개도국들에서는 예상대로 부채수준이 높은 국가일수록 물가상승률이 높게 나타난다. 특히 개도국에서 GDP 대비 정부부채가 10%포인트 증가할 경우 물가상승률은 장기적으로 약 1.5~2%포인트 확대되는 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 결과는 정부부채에 일정한 상한이 존재함을 시사하는 것으로서, 대체로 재정주의적 견해와 일치하는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 우리나라에서도 만일 정부부채의 증가추세가 지속된다면 결국은 일반 국민의 조세부담이 증가하거나 아니면 물가상승이 유발될 수밖에 없을 것이다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of resin infiltration in improving color stability after tooth whitening. Enamel samples were extracted from 40 healthy bovine upper incisors, and primary staining and whitening were performed. After that, specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups : resin infiltration group (n = 15, RI group), resin adhesive group (n = 15, RA group), and control group (n = 10). Secondary staining was performed on all samples. Coloration was assessed 5 times as follows: initial color, immediately after staining, after whitening, after resin application, and after secondary staining. Color was measured using a spectrophotometer and recorded by using the CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color space. The color changes after primary staining for the RI, RA, and control groups were $12.16{\pm}3.50$, $12.16{\pm}3.38$, and $15.81{\pm}6.39$, whereas those after secondary staining were $15.21{\pm}7.19$, $15.93{\pm}4.31$, and $26.62{\pm}17.89$. Color changes after secondary staining showed a significant difference between the RI and control groups. In the within-group comparison between primary and secondary staining, there was no significant difference found in the RI group only (p = 0.26). The results suggest that Color stability after tooth whitening can be improved using resin infiltration.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.419-477
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• 2017

In Space contains valuable natural resources. These provide a compelling reason for entrepreneurs, investors, and governments to pursue space exploration and settlement. The Outer Space Treaty of 1967 explicitly forbids any government from claiming a celestial resource such as the Moon or a planet. Article II of the Outer Space Treaty states that "outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means." The U.S. Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act of 2015 (CSLCA), however, makes significant advances in furthering U.S. commercial space industry, which explicitly allows U.S. citizens to engage in the commercial exploration and exploitation of 'space resources' including water and minerals. Thus, some scholars argue that the United States recognizing ownership of space resources is an act of sovereignty, and that the act violates the Outer Space Treaty. This paper suggests that it is necessary to guarantee the right to resources harvested in outer space. More specifically, a private ownership of extracted space resources needs to promote new space business and industry. As resources on Earth become increasingly difficult and expensive to mine, it is clear that our laws and policies must encourage private appropriation of space resources. CSLCA which addresses all aspects of space resource extraction will be one way to encourage space commercial activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

H. pylori is known to be a key pathogen of chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers. Bacterial adhesion to hosts is an essential step for bacterial infection and the inhibition of this adhesion provides a possible method for the treatment of the infection. The inhibitory effect of antibody lgY, produced from immunized hens with H. pylori antigen, was studied in vitro. The inhibition of H. pylori adhesion to AGS was as high as 90% using 0.5mg/ml of lgY, and almost 80% of the detachmentwas also achieved. The inhibitory effect of adhesion-inhibition candidates was investigated. Additives in combination with lgY increased the adhesion-inhibiting effect by about 30-50%. However, the adhesion molecules of H. pylori were varied and complex, therefore the further studies are necessary to develop an adhesion inhibitor and effective enough to be employed for the treatment of H.pylori, in vivo.