• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2008

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the primary and secondary stability characteristics of orthodontic mini-screws of tapered design when compared with the cylinder mini-screw. Methods: A total of 48 mini-screws were placed into the buccal alveolar bone of the mandible in 6 male beagle dogs. Comparison was made between tapered and cylinder type mini-screws (Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea). Maximum insertion torque (MIT) was measured using a torque sensor (Mark-10, MGT 50, USA) during installation, and maximum removal torque (MRT) was recorded after 3 and 12 weeks of loading. Results: Taper mini-screws showed a higher MIT value of 22.3 Ncm compared with cylinder mini-screw showing 13.6 Ncm (p < 0.001). The MRT of the taper mini-screw showed a significantly higher value of 9.1 Ncm than those of cylinder mini-screw of 5.7 Ncm at 3-weeks after installation (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the MRT value between the taper and cylinder mini-screws at 12 weeks of loading. Conclusions: These results showed that the high insertion torque of the taper mini-screw design increases initial stability until 3 weeks of loading, but does not have any effect on the secondary stability at 12 weeks of loading.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the Periotest values for the prediction of orthodontic mini-implants' stability. Methods: Sixty orthodontic mini-implants (7.0 mm $\times$ $\emptyset1.45$ mm; ACR, Biomaterials Korea, Seoul, Korea) were inserted into the buccal alveolar bone of 5 twelve month-old beagle dogs. Insertion torque (IT) and Periotest values (PTV) were measured at the installation procedure, and removal torque (RT) and PTV were recorded after 12 weeks of orthodontic loading. To correlate PTV with variables, the cortical bone thickness (mm) and bone mineral density (BMD) within the cortical bone and total bone area were calculated with the help of CT scanning. Results: The BMD and cortical bone thickness in mandibular alveolus were significantly higher than those of the maxilla (p < 0.05). The PTV values ranged from -3.2 to 4.8 for 12 weeks of loading showing clinically stable mini-implants. PTV at insertion was significantly correlated with IT (-0.51), bone density (-0.48), cortical bone thickness (-0.42) (p < 0.05) in the mandible, but showed no correlation in the maxilla. PTV before removal was significantly correlated with RT (-0.66) (p < 0.01) in the mandible. Conclusions: These results show that the periotest is a useful method for the evaluation of mini-implant stability, but it can only be applied to limited areas with thick cortical and high density bone such as the mandible.

• The Korean Journal of Rheology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1999

In order to measure yield stress of PIM feedstocks simply and effectively, a yield stress measuring technique was developed by a vane method. The vane method had an advantage that there was no wall-slip, while it had a drawback that it could not measure viscosity change at various shear rates. A Newtonian fluid was tested for the appropriateness of the measuring technique. The end effect of a vane was checked to produce an acceptable error. The torque peak has been considered to be developed at yielding of non-Newtonian fluids with yield stress. However, it was influenced very much by control system of the instrument so that the torque value at the stable region was taken to calculate yield stress. Torque at zero rotational speed was obtained by extrapolating the torque values at various speeds to remove the effect of the rotational drag. As general verification, yield stress of feedstocks made of Tungsten carbide powder with wax-based binder was measured at different temperatures and various powder concentrations.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.3 s.122
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• pp.171-181
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• 2007

Objective: The present study was aimed at an analytical formulation of the micro-implant related torque as a function of implant size, i.e. the diameter and length, screw size, and the bony resistance at the implant to bone interface. Methods: The resistance at the implant to cancellous bone interface $(S_{can})$ was assumed to be in the range of 1.0-2.5 MPa. Micro-implant model of Absoanchor (Dentos Inc. Daegu, Korea) was used in the course of the analysis. Results: The results showed that the torque was a strong function of diameter, length, and the screw height. As the diameter increased and as the screw size decreased, the torque index decreased. However the strength index was a different function of the implant and bone factors. The whole Absoanchor implant models were within the safe region when the resistance at the implant/cancellous bone $(=S_{can})$ was 1.0 or less. Conclusion: For bone with $S_{can}$ of 1.5 MPa, the cervical diameter should be greater than 1.5 mm if micro-implant models of 12 mm long are to be placed. For $S_{can}$ of 2.0 MPa, micro-implant models of larger cervical diameter than 1.5 mm were found to be safe only if the endosseous length was less than 8 mm.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.217-220
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• 2007

절삭특성은 재료를 원하는 형상으로 가공하기 위해 재료의 불필요한 부분을 제거할 경우 그 가공성이 쉽거나 어려움에 대한 정도로 전의될 수 있는데 동합금 소재의 절삭특성은 절삭시 발생된 칩의 형상이나 길이를 측정하거나 또는 공구계에 부착된 토오크 미터에 의해 절삭력을 간접적으로 측정하는 방법 등이 사용되어 오고 있다. 상기의 평가방 법은 절삭특성의 간접적인 평가방법이라는 한계와 정확도에 문제가 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 압전형 공구동력계(Piezoelectric Tool Dynamometer)를 쾌삭인청동합금 피절삭물에 직접 부착하여 절삭가공시 절삭력은 정량적으로 직접 측정하고자 하였다. 쾌삭인청동합금의 소둔 열처리 시간이 증가할수록 결정립의 성장에 의한 연화현상과 납입자의 군집화(Clustering)는 관찰되었으나 그로 인한 절삭력 및 절삭에 필요한 에너지의 변화는 뚜렷하지 않았다.