• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2013

Since 2010, politicians and netizens have been frequently talking about "The Standard of a Nation". Specification/Standard contains "de facto standard" and "de jure standard". "The Standard of a Nation", the level of a state's quality, is prescribed by the constitution. Though the constitution, which is equal to a state's official standard, has been well established, it would be undervalued without civil obedience. The state standard can never be improved by a couple of successful projects or some national policies. The time is that the people who would like to level up of the state standard also should consider technology and science as important.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-11
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• 1995

1992년6월, 브라질의 Rio de Janeiro에서는 세계인의 관심속에 '환경과 개발을 위한 국제연합 환경회의'가 개최되었다. 이 회의는 세계 1백78개국에서는 1만 5천여명 이상의 대표들과 1백15개국의 정치지도자들이 직접 참여한, 당시까지 열렸던 최대규모의 국제 환경회의였다. 리우회의가 이처럼 많은 나라들의 관심을 끌 수 있었던 것은, 점차 인류의 생존뿐만 아니라 생태계의 존립을 위협하는 환경오염과 80년대 이래로 계속되어온 후진국들의 경제적 위기에 대한 관심, 그리고 이 문제들에 대한 그 어떤 해결책이 나오리라는 막연한 기대감 등이 작용했기 때문이다. 그러나 기대와는 달리 이 회의는 별다른 성과를 얻지 못한 채 끝나고 말았다. 이는 지난 1972년 Stockholum에서 열린 "Earth Summit" 유엔환경회의(그때는 2개국 수상만이 참석했음) 이후 선진국과 후진국 사이에 환경보존과 경제개발이라는 두 개의 모순적인 패러다임(Paradigm)에 대해 뚜렷한 시각차가 발생한 것에 기인한다.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.221-244
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• 2019

This paper attempts to analyze the role of Nigeria's current President Major (Rtd) Mahammudu Buhari and the immediate past President Goodluck Jonathan in dealing with the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria. Nigeria has not been without its fair share of conflict. In fact, no decade of post-Independent Nigeria has been conflict free. With several coups, general strikes and a civil war, Nigerians have had to experience some of the most sordid tragedies arising from difference of opinions and distrust. It is interesting to mention that the conflict in Nigeria has not received the needed attention as it were. The leadership of Goodluck Jonathan did not receive the same effort and cooperation as compared to Muhammadu Buhari who came into office in May 2015. This paper argues the important roles played by the two Nigerian leaders which either aided or prevented collaboration. Goodluck Jonathan was perceived as a weak and indecisive leader whose leadership failed to effectively handle the Boko Haram insurgency. Muhammadu Buhari assumed office with a lot of high hopes and expectations from the Nigerian population and the international community to tackle the Boko Haram insurgency.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.169-196
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• 2010

Although more priority is given to politicians from the aspect that they represent people and decide the future of country, the current situation is that politicians are not free from terrorism because of insufficient guard-concerned law, negative social recognition and increased crime and terrorism. The measure for politician terrorism shall be handled from the aspect of national security rather than public peace. For the purpose, basic legal foundation shall be prepared and specialized guard technique considering specialty of politician shall be established. Basic solution shall be established by reinforcing law against politician terrorism and establishing new law from the national viewpoint. The guard for politician has two faces that both of safety of guard target and voting intention of voter shall be met at the same time. Although special guard technique is required for guarding politician, current situation is that it is not researched professionally. In relation to the measure to develop the system of protection for politician, First, the study suggested legal foundation for politician guard. Although the 17th National Assembly proposed revised legal plan to protect politician from terrorism, it is suspended, expired and abolished now. The legal plan presented by members of the National Assembly was simply restricted to the scope of public guard. The study divided establishment of legal foundation into two things. The first one is the dispatch type of effective public guard and the second one is the transfer to private guard. Second, the study suggested environmental development method of politician guard. in the environment of politician guard, the study suggested improvement and development method by analyzing social recognition, politician's mind and voter's mind psychologically. After the beginning of human society, if human race is continued, political activity won't disappear. It is obvious that the safety of political leader is very important issue for human race because he plays the role to decide the future of human. In the future, more specialized, effective law shall be prepared and deeper study of scholar shall be performed.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.223-240
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• 2010

In this article I would like to propose the characteristics of "Village Council(Consejo del Pueblo)" as a sociopolitical device and institution, which maintains and encompasses all aspects of governance in a decentralized authority. A brief definition of Village Council is a "select group of people from the same village who are in charge of deciding the most important affairs of the village". The Village Council took charge of the most fundamental aspects of prehispanic Mayan society, most significantly, during the Late Postclassical era. The members of this council were respected people from the village, but not necessarily the people who held high positions within the hierarchical structure of Mayan society. It is likely that they were selected by the public in a direct way. This is the most essential bureaucratic institution in terms of the control of the political and socioeconomical affairs. The important decisions regarding legislation, the governance and jurisdiction of the village were entrusted to the council. Especially, the Village Council was responsible for monitoring and punishing the abuses of village governors. The majority of the members of the council were elders, consequently, the council was a political institution, more powerful than the governorships. The "Multepal" of Yucatán, could be an example of the Village Council during the late postclassic period.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.39
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• pp.115-142
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of values in Korea focused on the period from liberation in 1945 to industrialization in the late 1970s. Those periods classified into 'Transitional Era' and 'Industrial Era' based on historical events significantly influenced the changes of value system of Korean people or Korean society. In this study, not only main values and right people for society but also the way of changing value system in those periods were suggested by investigating factors of politics, economy and society. The results are as follows : First, main values and right people for society on each period were as follows : In Transitional Era, main values were manners and social norms, and right people for this period were practical intellectuals pursuing the principle of action-oriented truth-and- knowledge-seeking. In Industrial Era, on the other hand, main values were sincerity, diligence, self-help and collaboration, and right people for this period were skilled man having occupational ability which was essential for economic development. Second, lasting value in Transitional Era and Industrial Era was patriotism. The patriotism in early Transitional Era was appealed to nation and people because of the collapse of ruling system and the absence of leaders, however, the patriotism changed to loyalty towards a national leader or seniors after the formation of new ruling system by building nation and electing a leader. On the other hand, the patriotism of Industrial Era was distinctly defined purpose for carrying out national economic policy and overwhelming Democratic People's Republic of Korea with anti-communist spirit and unification will.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2014

This paper aims at exploring the multi-scalar processes through which the Gumi Industrial Complex was developed in the late 1960s and the early 1970s. Existing studies, influenced by the "Developmental State Thesis", tend to see the industrialization processes of South Korea either by focusing on the socio-politico-economic processes at the national scale or in terms of the plan rationality of the national bureaucrats. This paper, however, denies this perspective on the basis of the strategic relational approach to the state and the multi-scalar perspective. In particular, it argues that the state actions for national industrialization have been the outcome of complex interactions, conflicts and negotiations among social forces, acting in and through the state, and at diverse geographical scales. This paper attempts to empirically prove this argument on the basis of a case study on the construction processes of Gumi Industrial Complex. The development of Gumi Industrial Complex cannot be solely explained in terms of either the plan rationality of the national bureaucrats or the political motivation related to the fact that Gumi was the hometown of President Park Jung-Hee. This paper argues that the development of Gumi Industrial Complex was heavily influenced by the role of the following actors; place-dependent local actors in Gumi and the multi-scalar agents, such as the Korean-Japanese businessmen and the national parliament members elected in the Gumi electoral district.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.42
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• pp.343-369
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• 2016

This is an attempt to analyze original films of ChunHyang Jun that Shin Sang-Ok filmed in North and South Korea, focusing on the character of MongYong. These films were made during political transition periods of North and South Korea. Sung ChunHyang was made during the second republic of South Korea, which was established after the collapse of Rhee SyngMan government; and Love, Love, My Love was made in North Korea during the period of power transfer from Kim Il-Sung to Kim Jong-Un. Considering these political changes, the character of MongYong seems to represent the figure of authority North and South Korean society of the time had in mind. First, MongYong in Sung ChunHyang has a strong image of a lover who repays ChunHyang's devotion and sacrifice with romantic affection. As an authoritative figure, he has the aspect of a democratic leader or mediator. On the other hand, MongYong's image in Love, Love, My Love is a heroic authority figure of the revolutionary class. He is a subversive reformer who shows love for the people and treats them favorably, gaining public desire. This research is expected to inspire more studies on the meanings of hit movies based on classic literature under synchronic terms.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.137-168
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to search for the main content system and Confucian meaning of "Yu Shu;虞書" of "The Book of Documents; 書經". This research covers two things: first, the form of The Book of Documents and the main content system of "Yu Shu". The Book of Documents consists of 4 main dynasties' Shu in ancient chinese history; "Yu Shu" 5 chapters, "Xia Shu; 夏書" 4 chapters, "Shang Shu; 商書" 17 chapters, and "Zhou Shu; 周書" 32 chapters, for a total 58 chapters. This book is organized in the form of six formalities(六體) or ten examples(十例). Second, the Confucian value of The Book of Documents and philosophical meaning of Yu Shu. Yu Shu shows a benign rule(仁政), confucianism ideal politic, as an historic example of a benevolent administration. By this research, we recognize that the tradition of abdication in the confucian society and the way of selecting people are theoretical foundation of politics based on people, rule by virtue and, by extension, a dynastic revolution. In addition, governing a country and rule the world that is treated in Yu Shu are a theory of leadership and moral training as a background of "Da Xue"(大學; Great Learning). Furthermore, Xiao(孝;filial piety) emphasized on this book is the main virtue of leaders and core value of practical action among the human relation. by extension, we recognize that the "Yu Shu" is the origin of "Xiao Jing; 孝經".

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 2021

The study looked at a cross section of inter-Korean sports through the lives of female north korean defector. The researcher was a north korean national team player in the early and mid-1990s and defected to the north and played for the national team in South Korea. After her retirement, she became a coach, but felt limited and left the sports world. After analyzing the informant's interviews, the prevailing idea was that she was always politically used, and there was a regret that he was spotlighted as a defector rather than an athletic skill. And she was not in a position to choose between South Korea and North Korea. It was also shown that inter-Korean sports exchanges could not be developed unless economic conditions were supported. As a stranger, the research participants felt alienated and adapted to South Korea. Her life is an example of experiencing inter-Korean sports at the same time, and it is believed that she can have personal, specific, and concrete characteristics while showing universality in the upcoming era of unification.