• Title/Summary/Keyword: 정중제

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Changes of the Substances during Composting of Industrial Wastewater Sludge (공단폐수슬러지의 퇴비화과정 중 물질변환)

  • Lee, Hong-Jae;Cho, Ju-Sik;Lee, Sung-Tae;Heo, Jong-Su
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.17-28
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    • 1997
  • To study the possibility of agricultural utilization of industrial wastewater sludge, the changes of the substances, such as temperature, pH, inorganic and organic matter, the form of nitrogen, fatty acid and the population number of microorganisms during composting periods were investigated. Temperature and $CO_2$ generation were the highest in the second day of composting peroids, and then were gradually fallen. And they were similar to room temperature after the sixth day of composting periods. C/N ratio was a little increased as time went by. pH value was not changed in early composting periods and then pH had been gradually decreased since it was rapidly increased. It was in the range of 8.7~8.8 in late composting periods. The contents of $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, MgO and Fe were a little increased and that of ${SO_4}^{2-}$ was increased with 62~67% in late in comparing with early composting periods. The contents of ether extracted materials, water soluble polysaccharides, hemicellulose and cellulose were decreased but that of resins and lignin were not changed during composting periods. The contents of total and organic nitrogen were decreased but that of inorganic nitrogen was increased during composting periods. The population number of microorganism during composting periods was too much changed according to the kinds of bulking agents and microorganisms, and the composting periods.

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Archaeological Meanings of Wooden Tablets from Bogam-ri in Naju (나주 복암리 목간 출토의 고고학적 의의)

  • Kim, Hye jung
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.49 no.2
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    • pp.142-157
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    • 2016
  • In 2008, the oldest wooden tablets, in the Baekje area, were uncovered from the Bogam-ri site in Naju. This paper defines wooden tablets to as objects with inking inscriptions. Of 65 wooden tablets contained in the excavation report of this site, this paper examines the meanings of 13 tablets with inscriptions written in ink by comparing them with other tablets found in the Baekje area. All tablets were unearthed from Pit Feature No. 1, a large-scale feature, at this site. Vertical stratigraphy of the feature is divided into 43 layers; but it seems that it does not reflect the chronological order, since unearthed artefacts, including wooden tablets, pottery, and roof tiles, turned out to be produced at the same age. Wooden tablets were not found in other features, and intentionally buried in this feature. Typological characteristics of wooden tablets indicate that the pit was the secondary refuse place. The inscription of the wooden tablets labeled 'gyeongonyeon(庚午年)' and the radiocarbon dates of them indicate that these tablets were created in the early 7th century AD, centered in 610 AD. On the basis of contents and typological characteristics, these are classified into six documents, six tags, and one tablet for other purpose. Total 89 pieces of wooden tablets have been unearthed in the Baekje area. Except tablets found in Naju and Geumsan, all have been collected in palaces, royal gardens, and temples inside and outside of the Sabi Capital. The significant wooden tablets of Baekje, which can be compared with tablets from Bogam-ri, were unearthed at from the Gwanbuk-ri site, the Gungnamji site, and the Ssangbuk-ri 280-5 site. Comparative studies on wooden tablets have revealed that the place name during the Wungjin Commandery Period, the status marking method standardized in the order of place name, official rank and person's name, the fact that Baekje operated the system of prefecture(郡), and Bogam-ri was one of the places where prefecture was established, and the evidence of family register system. Wooden tablets at Bogam-ri record the documented date (610 AD), the documented place (Duhilseong where the prefecture established), and the writers (advisors and staffs of the prefecture). The recorded contents of them are invaluable data showing the local administrative system of Baekje, such as the status marking method, the means of description, the family-register system, and the land surveying system.

Anatomic study of the incisive canal in relation to midpalatal placement of mini-implant (정중구개부의 미니 임플랜트 식립과 관련된 절치관의 해부학적 연구)

  • Kim, Sung-Jin;Lim, Sung-Hoon
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.146-158
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    • 2009
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to reveal the position of the incisive foramen in relation to the incisive papilla and cusp tips. Methods: Plaster models and CT images of 25 adult orthodontic patients were used to measure the width of the incisive canal and positions of the anterior and posterior borders of the incisive foramen in relation to the incisive papilla. Results: The palatal surface distance from the interdental papilla between the maxillary central incisors to the posterior border of the incisive foramen along the palatal surface was 1.7 fold of the distance from the interdental papilla between the central incisors to the posterior border of the incisive papilla. The distance between the posterior border of the incisive papilla and posterior border of the incisive foramen along the palatal surface was 6.15 ${\pm}$ 1.75 mm. The anteroposterior position of the posterior border of the incisive foramen was slightly anterior to the lingual cusp tips of the maxillary 1st premolars. The width of the incisive foramen was 4.03 ${\pm}$ 0.64 mm, therefore it is recommended to position the mini-implant more than 3 mm laterally when placing a mini-implant lateral to the incisive foramen, from the center. Conclusions: These results can be used as a reference in presuming the position of the incisive foramen when placing mini-implant in the anterior palate area.

Compression Neuropathy (압박성 신경병증)

  • Kim, Byung-Sung
    • The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.128-133
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    • 2008
  • Nerve compression is caused by external force or internal pathology, which symptom develops along nerve distribution. There are median, ulnar and radial nerve compression neuropathies below elbow. Carpal tunnel syndrome at the flexor retinaculum is most common among all the entrapment neuropathies. Other causes of median nerve neuropathy include Struther's ligament, biceps aponeurosis, pronator teres, FDS aponeurosis and aberrant muscles, which induce pronator syndrome or anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. Ulnar nerve can be compressed at the elbow by arcade of Struther, medial epicondylar groove, FCU two heads, which develops cubital tunnel syndrome, at the wrist by ganglion, fracture of hamate hook and vascular problem, which develops Guyon's canal syndrome. Radial tunnel syndrome is caused by supinator muscle, which compresses its deep branch. Treatment is conservative at initial stage like NSAID, night splint or steroid injection. If symptom persists, operative treatment should be considered after electrodiagnostic or imaging studies.

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Changes of Occlusion following the Placement of Preformed Metal Crown to the Permanent First Molar in Children and Adolescents (소아청소년에서 제1대구치의 기성금속관 수복 후 교합 변화)

  • Kim, Jiwoong;Lee, Nanyoung;Jih, Myeongkwan;Lee, Sangho
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.49 no.1
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate changes of occlusion following the placement of preformed metal crown in the permanent first molar affected by severe caries or hypomineralization. The study was conducted on 24 patients who met the criteria among the patients with occlusion in the permanent first molar reaching the occlusal plane. Restorative treatment was performed on one first molar using preformed metal crown. Before treatment, immediately after treatment, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks, the T-scan III was used for measuring distribution of bite force at the maximum intercuspal position, and overbite was measured with digital vernier calipers and change of dental midline was surveyed. After 8 weeks, questionnaires survey was conducted. In most cases, immediately after treatment, the distribution of bite force between the restored side and non-restored side of arch was reversed compared to before treatment, and the overbite was decreased. However, after 4 weeks, bite force of the left and right side was balanced and the distribution of bite force on the restored and non-restored permanent first molars had similar values. Also, the changed overbite and midline were returned to pre-treatment status and there was no significant temporomandibular joint and masticatory discomfort after treatment. In this study, it was confirmed that spontaneous occlusal equilibrium was achieved one month after the placement of preformed metal crown.

ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT OF IMPACTED MAXILLARY INCISOR : A CASE REPORT (매복된 상악 전치의 교정적 치료 : 증례보고)

  • Kim, Hae-Ri;Oh, So-Hee;Kim, Young-Hee
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.709-717
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    • 2007
  • Impaction of maxillary incisor is rare than the third molar and canine, but its rate is higher than the other anterior teeth due to frequent mesiodens, trauma and variation of root formation (root dilaceration etc.). It is often observed in the dental age of about eight years and over. It will be occurred that the space loss, midline deviation and cyst formation due to the impaction of maxillary incisor. So it is important to evaluate the precise location of impacted tooth and to make appropriate treatment plan. Treatment would be surgical extraction or expectation for spontaneous eruption. If the impacted tooth has no pathologic change and development of the root is favorable, orthodontic traction is recommended for recovery of function and esthetics. In these cases, we performed orthodontic traction for the eruption of impacted maxillary incisors, and obtained satisfactory results.

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Echinoderes lanceolatus, a New Kinorhynch from Korea (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida, Echinoderidae) (동문동물 1신종, 표창자라목벌레 (Echinoderes lanceolatus)의 기재(동문동물문, 원통자라목벌레목, 가시자라목벌레과))

  • Chang, Cheon-Young;Song, Young-Hee
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.203-211
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    • 2002
  • A new kinorhynch species belonging to the genus Echinoderes is described on the basis of the materials from the subtidal sediments and various macroalgae in the south and east coast of Korea. Echinoderes lanceolatus n. sp. is characteristic in having the subcuticular scars in subventral position on segment 3 and incomplete midventral articulation on segment 4, the middorsal spines a little shorter than the corresponding segments, the ‘brace-shaped’muscle scars at sternal plates of segments 9 and 10 in females, the flat posterior margin of terminal ventral plates and the lanceolate terminal tergal extension.

VTS 업무처리과정의 상세화 연구

  • Jeong, Jung-Sik;Kim, Joo-Sung;Park, Gyei-Kark
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2012.06a
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    • pp.129-131
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    • 2012
  • 해상교통관제(VTS; Vessel Traffic Service)는 IMO RESOLUTION A.857(20) on Guidelines for Vessel Traffic Services와 해사안전법 제36조, 개항질서법 제28조에 의거 해상운송에서의 위험을 감소하고 해상교통질서확립과 안전확보를 위하여 전세계 주요 항만 및 수역에서 이용되고 있다. 특히 최근 E-navigation 이행 전략 및 개발 프로그램에 의해 육상에서 지원, 제공해야 할 해사안전정보의 중요성이 대두되면서 그 역할 및 중요성을 인정받고 있다. 이에 E-navigation 프로세스 DFD 아키텍쳐와 VTS 업무 프로세스를 비교하고 VTSO의 역할과 VTS 업무의 올바른 분석을 통해 INS, NAS, TOS의 실현을 위한 효과적인 업무프로세스를 찾고 시스템 설계자의 관점에서 개선사항 및 발전방향을 제시하고자 한다.

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효율적인 정보교환을 위한 해양정보통신시스템의 발전방안에 관한 연구

  • Jeong, Jung-Sik;Jeong, Jae-Yong;Kim, Cheol-Seung;Nam, Taek-Geun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • v.2
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    • pp.113-118
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    • 2006
  • ECDIS의 이용과 함께 AIS, LRIT와 같은 선박식별 추적장치의 도입은 항해환경의 많은 변화를 유도하고 있다. 영국, 미국, 노르웨이, 일본 등 해운선진국들을 중심으로 전자항해의 전략개발에 관한 의제가 IMO MSC81차 회의에서 제안된 이후 2008년 MSC 제85차 회의까지 완료를 목표로 장기과제로 채택된 바가 있다. MSC 제81차 회의에서는 MAV.가 Coordinator로 하여 신규의제로 검토하도록 COMSAR 11 및 NAV 53차에 지시한 바가 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 및 국외 전자항해 및 해양정보시스템의 동향분석을 통하여 효율적인 정보교환을 위한 해양정보통신시스템의 발전방안을 제시하였다.

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