• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.3 s.303
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• pp.23-30
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• 2005

As a human identification technique, gait recognition has recently gained significant attention. Silhouette-based gait recognition is one of the most popular methods. This paper aims to investigate features that determine the style of walking in silhouette-based gait recognition. Gait can be represented using two cues: static(shape) cue and dynamic(motion) cue. Most recently, research results have been reported in the literature that the characteristics of gait are mainly determined by static cue but not affected by dynamic cue. Unlike this, experimental results in this paper verifies that dynamic cue is as important as and in many cases more important than static cue. For experiments, we use two well-blown gait databases: UBC DB and Southampton Small DB. The images of UBC DB correspond to the 'ordinary' style of walking. The images of Southampton Small DB correspond to the 'disguised' (not ordinary by wearing special clothes or bags) style of walking. As results of experiments, the recognition rate was 100% by static cue and $95.2\%$ by dynamic cue for the images of UBC DB. For the images of Southampton Small DB, the recognition rate was $50.0\%$ by static cue and $55.8\%$ by dynamic cue. The risk against correct recognition was 0.91 by static cue and 0.97 by dynamic cue for the images of UBC DB. For the images of Southampton Small DB, the risk was 0.98 by static cue and 0.98 by dynamic cue. Consequently, the characteristics of ordinary gait are mainly determined by static cue but that of disguised gait by dynamic cue.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.539-554
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• 2007

Pilots of large airplanes have to land their airplanes with insufficient visual information because of high approach speed, high vertical velocity and high location or altitude of the cockpits from the runway intending to touch down. This study verifies that, due to the insufficient information, large airplane pilots can't exactly perceive height of their airplanes during the flare. Study 1 explored whether it's possible for the pilots to accurately perceive height with the static visual cues only. We showed them pictures of the runway taken from the pilot's pionts of view and asked them to assess the height of the airplanes. They determined exact height of the airplanes at the height of 85 feet, but they could not, at lower than 55 feet which is the flare preparation altitude. Study 2 explored whether it's possible for the pilots to accurately perceive height when dynamic cues were added to the static visual cues. We showed them videos of the runway taken from the pilot's pionts of view. With more cues they determined exact height of the airplanes at the height of 50 feet, but they could not, at the altitude of lower than 30 feet which is the flare altitude. As experience is believed to be a major factor which affects interpretation of the visual cues, we compared the accuracy of the assessment of the experienced captions and that of the in-experienced first officers. We found there was no significant difference between them.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluated the static stereoacuity by Distance Randot Stereotest (STEREO OPTICAL. Co., Inc. USA) and the dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test (iNT, Korea). Criterion and correlation of stereoacuity between both tests and usefulness of two stereotest methods were also evaluated. Methods: For normal adults of 109 (male 61, female 48), mean age of 20.88 (19-32 years) years old, static stereoacuity by using Distance Randot Stereotest at 3 m distance, dynamic stereoacuity by using three-rods test at 2.5 m distance were measured. Results: The mean of distance static stereoacuity was $155.77{\pm}133.11sec$ of arc and the mean of error distance dynamic stereoacuity $11.13{\pm}9.69mm$. With equivalent-conversion stereoacuity of $23.44{\pm}20.96sec$ of arc, there was statistically significant differences (p=0.00) between two dynamic stereoacuity, but correlation was relatively low (${\rho}=0.226$). In the case of dynamic stereoacuity, separated to normal range by criterion of the error distance 20 mm, it showed the error distance of less than 20 mm in 97 subjects(89%) whose average of error distance and conversion mean dynamic stereoacuity were $8.43{\pm}5.10mm$ and $17.68{\pm}10.67sec$ of arc. repectively. The error distance of was equivalent-conversion dynamic stereoacuity 40.99 sec of arc (PD 62 mm basis) was 20 mm. Conclusions: The results of lower correlation between static and dynamic stereoacuity suggest that seterotest should be applied separately to different functions. The results of this study also suggest that Distance Randot Stereotest can be applied to static stereoacuity excluding monocular cues. Three-rods test can be applied to dynamic stereoacuity containing the response of the eye-hand coordination in the daily life of natural vision condition, including the monocular cues. These different approaches canprovide a criterion of the two stereoacuity and parallel use of the two tests would be useful. For dynamic stereoacuity by three-rods test, error distance 20 mm in a normal range of adults can be used as a criteria to get statistical meaning of the results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.178-181
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 서명의 동적 특징에 기반한 구간 분할과 3단계 정합을 특징으로 하는 온라인서명 인증 시스템을 제안한다. 온라인 서명 인증을 위해 구간 분할에 이은 구간별 정합이 널리 연구, 적용되어왔다. 그러나 기존의 구간 분할법은 정적 특징인 서명의 모양에 기반하므로 모조의 단서를 제공하는 위험이 있었다. 제안한 방법은 전자 펜의 속도나 가속도 등과 같은 동적 특징을 기반으로 구간 분할을 수행하므로써 모조가 어렵게 하였다. 분할된 구간들은 모델 서명의 구간들과 보강된 동적 프로그래밍(DP) 기법으로 대응 구간들을 찾도록 하였으며, 이 과정에서 정적 특징량을 제한 조건으로 사용하므로써 안정되게 대응 구간을 추출하였다. 또한 서명 특징들에 가중치를 부여하고, 정합 단계를 세 단계로 분리하므로써 상충 관계에 있는 Type Ⅰ과 Ⅱ오류를 최소화하였다. 실험은 온라인 서명 특징들간의 비교 분석을 통해 그들의 가중치를 결정하는 근거를 보이고, 동적 특징에 기반한 구간 분할의 유효성을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2016

The present study investigated the effect size of attention and consciousness on change detection. We confirmed the effect size of consciousness by comparing the condition which combined attention and consciousness and the condition of attention without consciousness. Then, we confirmed the effect size of attention by comparing the condition of attention without consciousness and the control condition which excluded attention and consciousness. For this purpose, change detection task and continuous flash suppression (CFS) were used. CFS renders a highly visible image invisible. In CFS, one eye is presented with a static stimulus, while the other eye is presented with a series of rapidly changing stimuli, such as mondrian patterns. The result is that the static stimulus becomes suppressed from conscious awareness by the stimuli presented in the other eye. We used a customized device with smartphone and google cardboard instead of stereoscope to trigger CFS. In Experiment 1-1, we reenacted some study to validate our experimental setup. Our experimental setup produced the duration of stimulus suppression that were similar to those of preceding research. In Experiment 1-2, we reenacted a study for attention without consciousness using an customized device. The results showed that attention without consciousness more strongly work as a cue. We think that it is reasonable to use CFS treatment employing smartphone and google cardboard for a follow-up study. In Experiment 2, when performing the change detection task, we measured the effect size of consciousness and attention by manipulating the consciousness level of cue. We used the method in which everything but the variable of interest kept being fixed. That way, the difference this independent variable makes to the action of the entire system can be isolated. We found that there was significant difference of correct response rate on change detection performance among different consciousness level of cue. In this study, we investigated that not only the role of attention and consciousness were different also we were able to estimated the effect size.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

This research explores the effect of features of political candidate on the electors' emotion and support. Though lots of researches have been proceeded about nonverbal communication clues such as posture, gesture, makeup, the research on the effect of glasses which can express in the face of candidate on the electors can not be easily found. For this experimental research, 2 group of subjects composed of university students was exposed to different type of TV address video and respond to survey questions which were analysed by SPSS program. This research found that the glasses of candidate could affect good feeling and support of electors but not on intimacy and confidence of them.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.438-444
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• 2005

Purpose: Anhedonia has been proposed to be the result of a basic neurophysiologic dysfunction and a vulnerability marker that precede and contribute to the liability of developing schizophrenia. We hypothesized that anhedonia, as a construct reflecting the decreased capacity to experience pleasure, should be associated with decreased positive hedonic affect trait. This study examined the relationship between anhedonia and positive hedonic affect trait and searched for the brain legions which correlate with anhedonia in normal subjects. Materials and Methods: Using $^{18}F$-FDG PET scan, we investigated the brain activity of twenty one subjects during resting state. Questionnaires were administrated after the scan in order to assess the self-rated individual differences in physical/social anhedonia and positive/negative affect traits. Results: Negative correlation between physical anhedonia score and positive affect trait score was significant (Pearson coefficient =-0.440, p<0.05). The subjects physical and social anhedonia scores showed positive correlation with metabolic rates in the cerebellum and negative correlation with metabolic rates in the inferior temporal gyrus and middie frontal gyrus. In addition, the positive affect trait score positively correlated with various areas, most prominent with the inferior temporal gyrus. Conclusion: These results suggest that neural substrates, such as the inferior temporal gyrus and prefrontal-cerebellar circuit, which dysfunction has been proposed to be involved with the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia, may also play a significant role in the liability of affective deficits like anhedonia.