• Landscaping Tree
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• s.97
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• pp.20-22
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• 2007

세월이 흔들림에 잊혀져 가는 것이 너무 많은데, 부질없는 욕심은 자꾸만 자라 가는데, 해는 졌는데 별은 보이지 않고 내 가슴속에 깊은 정을 품고, 남몰래 숨어들어 몸을 맡기면 나만의 공간을 만들어 주면서, 귓가에 살포시 속삭이는 말, 녀석 너 아빠도 어릴 때 내 곁에 와서 뒷집 순이와 첫사랑 고백과 첫 키스의 황홀한 추억을 만들었단다. 마을 마다 파수꾼으로 조상님들의 추억을 혼자만 알고 있는 느티나무는 우리나라 전국에서 자생하는 낙엽활엽교목으로 배수가 잘되고 유기질이 많은 사질양토에서 잘자라며 넓은 공간이 많으면 생육에 적합한 수종으로 장수목(長壽木)이다. 느티나무는 마을의 정자목으로 공원과 가로수에 적당한 나무로 예로부터 우리의 사랑을 많이 받고 있다. 이런 나무에 피해를 주는 몇몇 해충종에 대해서 생태 및 방제법을 소개하고자 한다

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

The spermatozoa of Hemiculter eigenmanni is similar to other cyprinid by spherical head containing a nucleus with highly condensed chromatin, a short midpiece with mitochondria and a flagellum located tangentially to the head. The fine structure of cyprinid spermatozoa described classical characteristics of Cyprinidae spermatozoon comprising the absent of acrosome, the shallow nucleal fossa, postnuclear distribution of mitochondria and the lateral insertion of flagellum. However there were some structural differences for their morphology, in the mitochondria and the orientation of centrioles. The proxomal and distal centrioles are oriented approximately $145^{\circ}$ to each other. The mitochondria of 8 or 10 in number are arranged in two or three layers.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.84.2-84.2
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• 1999

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.4 s.92
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• pp.405-412
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• 2000

The fine structure of spermatozoa of Leiocassis ussuriensis was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The spermatozoon of L. ussuriensis is approximately $68.8\;{\mu}m$ in length and a relatively simple cell with a spherical nucleus, a short midpiece and a tail. The ultrastructure of spermatozoa of L. ussuriensis is characterized by the following features. The nuclear fossa, the length of which is about two-thirds of the nuclear diameter, contains two centrioles. The centrioles are orientated approximately $180^{\circ}$ to each other. The mitochondria are arranged in two layers and their number is 12 or more. The axoneme is the 9+2microtubular pattern and has inner but no outer dynein arms as in other bagrids. The two axonemal fins are in the same plane with the two central microtubules, the doublets 3 and 8. The axonemal fins and the inner dynein arm are shared in Bagridae and the deep nuclear fossa is shared in Siluriformes. The axonemal finsobse observed in Bagridae and Amblycipitidae of Siluriformes might be the apomorphic character in Ostariophysi. They are not reported in Cyprinidae and Characiformes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2009

Objectives: To determinate the optimal culture condition to maintain lifespan in human sperm, we evaluated the effect of different temperature on sperm motility and viability up to 5 days in normal specimens. Methods: Ejaculated semen samples with normal semen parameters were gently washed in HEPES buffered Tyrod's-Albumin-Lactate-Pyruvate (HTALP) media. Each 5 ml of HTALP + 0.3% albumin with $1{\times}10^6$ sperm/ml was incubated for 5 days in $37^{\circ}C$, $22^{\circ}C$, and $4^{\circ}C$. The sperm motility and kinematics were analyzed using computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), membrane integrity was assessed by hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), and capacitation status was evaluated by chlorotetracycline (CTC) fluorescence pattern. Each parameter was measured on day 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Results: The motility, viability and live/uncapacitated pattern were demonstrated significantly in temperature- and time-dependent difference (p<0.05). While the sperm cultured for 1 day in each temperature was not significantly different, the sperm cell kept in $22^{\circ}C$ after 3 days were preserved sperm motility, viability, membrane integrity, and F pattern better than in other culture temperatures. Conclusions: HTALP can be used a basic medium for culture and longevity preservation, and sperm cell kept at $22^{\circ}C$ is beneficial for assisted reproductive techniques.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2010

Objective: Globozoospermia is observed in <0.1% of male infertile patients. The aim of this study is to report the successful clinical outcome in man with globozoospermia. Design: A case report. Method: A 36-year-old man and 32-year-old partner visited our fertility center with 6 years infertility duration. The semen analysis revealed globozoospermia combined with oligozoospermia which was stained with Diff-Quick method. ICSI (Intracytoplasmic sperm injection) was performed on 12 matured oocytes. Result: 5 injected oocytes were fertilized normally. 5 embryos were transferred on day 3 after oocyte retrieval. The patient became pregnant and delivered a healthy boy at 39 weeks of gestation. Conclusion: In case of globozoospermia, it has a low fertilization rate even though ICSI method is used. The favorable technique is still needed to increase the fertilization rate.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.71-82
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• 2007

목 적 : 본 연구는 기간별 구자 투약이 생쥐의 생식능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 이를 위해 30일, 60일, 90일 및 120일간의 구자 투약이 생쥐의 총 정자수, 활동 정자수, 정상형태 정자수, 고환조직 및 hyaluronidase activity를 측정하여, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 결 과: 1. 총 정자수는 60일과 90일 투여 후 대조군에 비하여 증가하였다. 2. 활동 정자수는 60일, 90일 및 120일 투여 후 대조군에 비하여 증가하였다. 3. 정상 형태 정자수는 60일, 90일 및 120일 투여 후 대조군에 비하여 증가하였다. 4. 고환 세정관의 조직학적 변화는 60일 투여 후에 가장 현저히 나타났다. 5. Hyaluronidase activity는 모든 투여군에서 대조군에 비하여 증가하였다. 결 론: 이상의 결과를 통해 60일 이상의 구자 투약이 남성 생식능력을 활성화 할 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 1996

The ultrastructure of the spermatozoa of the family Cobitidae, 6 genera and 12 species, was examinated under electron microscopes. Spermatozoa of the observed species consist of a head(nucleus), a short midpiece, and a single tai1(flagellum). It is of anacrosomal aquasperm type, lacking an acrosome. However, the spermatozoa of Nemacheilus toni has vestigal acrosome or acrosome-like vesicle in the anterior region of the nucleus during spermiogenesis, The nucleus of Cobitidae is approximately spherical except that N. toni is conic. The mid piece was under $3.0{\mu}m$ in length and contained 5-8 ring-shaped mitochodria. Genera Cobitis, Iksookimia, Niwaella, and Nemacheilus. have shorter midpiece, whereas Misgurnus and Lefua have longer midpiece. The flagellum was uniflagellate consisting of a typical 9+2 axoneme without fins.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2009

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes of ICSI with sperm retrieved from testicular tissue in patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) or hypospermatogenesis (HS). Methods: From January 2003 through December 2006, 155 patients with OA (241 cycles) and 28 patients with HS (34 cycles) were included in this study. We compared clinical outcomes of ICSI with testicular sperm such as fertilization rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and delivery rate. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test and ${\chi}^2$-test. Results: Testicular spermatozoa could not be retrieved in 1 out of the 21 cycles where fresh testicular sperm extraction in HS patients. Fertilization rate (FR) was significantly higher in OA than HS (75.6 % vs. 62.6%, p<0.001). Cleavage rate (CR) per fertilized zygote was also significantly higher in OA than that in HS (66.8% vs. 54.8% p<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in good embryo rate (GER), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), implantation rate (IR) and delivery rate (DR). Conclusion: Our results show that testicular sperm of HS does not affect CPR, IR, and DR although it has shown reduced FR and CR.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 2008

Objective: To evaluate outcomes of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoing the testicular sperm extraction (TESE) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with different histopathologic subgroups. Method: A total of 122 embryo-transferred TESE/ICSI cycles were compared among NOA subgroups; Germ-cell aplasia (GA, 40 cycles), Maturation arrest (MA, 32 cycles) and severe hypospermatogenesis (S-HS, 50 cycles). Obstructive azoospermia (OA, 667 cycles) patients were served as a control. TESE/ICSI outcomes such as fertilization rate (FR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) and live birth rate (LBR) were evaluated. Results: The 2PN FR of embryo-transferred TESE/ICSI cycle was 58.1% in GA, 42.2% in MA and 48.0% in S-HS, which was significantly lower than that of OA (72.9 %, p<0.001). For ICSI-spermatozoa cycles, there were no significant differences in CPR (22.6%, 29.4% and 26.1%) and LBR (16.1%, 29.4% and 19.6%) among NOA subgroups. The CPR of ICSI-spermatid cycles was 0.0%, 9.1% and 0.0% without a live birth. For ICSI-spermatocyte cycles, no clinical pregnancies occurred in any group. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the FR of embryo-transferred TESE/ICSI cycles among NOA subgroups. The FR among all NOA subgroups was significantly lower than that of OA. Testicular histopathology in NOA did not affect successful pregnancy if spermatozoa extraction from the testis is successful and embryo transfer is possible.