• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2003

Conventional antipsychotics are commonly used to treat children and adolescents suffered from schizophrenia to other neuropsychiatric conditions. Regrettably, studies for typical antipsychotics report high rates of sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and extrapyramidal side effects. Over the past few years, atypical antipsychotics have been prescribed for use in adults with psychotic symptoms. Child psychiatrists have begun using these drugs to children and adolescents hoping safe and better alternatives to the conventional antipsychotics. However, there is not enough short-term and almost no long-term data about atypical antipsychotics for pediatric patients. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review what is known about the use of the atypical antipsychotics in young patients. To do so, an appropriate approach to the use of these drugs in child and adolescent patients my be offered.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2010

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder that is characterized by an urge to move the legs and peculiar, unpleasant sensations deep in the legs and its prevalence in the general population is between 3.2% and 15%. RLS significantly impairs patients' lives, often by severely disrupting sleep. However, both clinicians and patients under-recognize the RLS. RLS phenotypes include an idiopathic form and secondary form that is usually resulted from various causative conditions. The pathophysiology of RLS may be related with the dopaminergic system, which is closely linked to a number of psychotropic medications, including antidepressant and antipsychotics. Several antidepressants and antipsychotics have been shown to induce or exacerbate RLS. We need pay attention to the fact that commonly prescribed medications can be the cause of RLS.

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.13-18
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-103
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• 2008

Although the scientific evidence is not entirely supportive, atypical antipsychotics have been used widely for the treatment of children and adolescents with mental illnesses as alternatives to typical antipsychotics which have more serious unwanted adverse effects than atypical neuroleptics. On the basis of clinical experiences and research data, atypical antipsychotics have been prescribed for adolescents with schizophrenia, manic or mixed episodes of bipolar disorders, tic disorders, aberrant behaviors in pervasive developmental disorders, and impulsive or violent behaviors in disruptive behavior disorders. Due to their efficacy and relatively more tolerable side effects, the use of atypical antipsychotics has become increasingly popular in child and adolescent psychiatry. However, we should pay attention to the limitations associated with short-term clinical experiences and the lack of well-designed controlled studies, especially in terms of adverse effects including those involving metabolic processes.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.3 s.370
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• pp.84-85
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• 2000

정신계통의 특이한 현대병 '공황장애'는 갑자기 가슴이 조여들고 숨이 막히면서 손발이 저리고 어지러워져 곧 쓰러질 것 같은 느낌이 20~30분간 계속되며 이 증상이 주기적으로 나타나는 정신계통의 질환이다. 정신과 질환임에도 불구하고 여러 가지 급성 신체증상들을 동반해 심장질환 등 내과 계통의 질환으로 오진하기 쉬운 질병이다. 대개의 경우 약물치료후 2~3개월이면 호전되고 1년반 정도 장기 약물복용이 필요하다.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-61
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• 1992

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.65-65
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• 1994

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1995

Therapeutic montitoring of drugs is a well established clinical 1001. However, the state of art is somewhat less advanced for psychotrpoic agents than it is for other classes of drugs, for several reasons. Most psychotropics have large volumes of distribution and achieve relatively low plasma concentrations following therapeutic doses. Many have one or more active metabolites. As a consequene, the analytical methodologies are often complex and not always reliable; well-controlled clinical studies are difficult to perform; and therapeutic ranges have been difficult to establish. Despite these limitations, prudent and selective monitoring of serum drug concentrations, particularly of the tricyclic antidepressants can be helpful in clinical management. This paper presents an overview of clinical and mothodological issues surrounding the utility of blood level measurement.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2023

Urinary incontinence (UI), affecting 3%-11% of males and 25%-45% of females globally, is expected to rise with an aging population. It significantly impacts mental health, causing depression, stress, and reduced quality of life. UI can exacerbate psychiatric conditions, affecting treatment compliance and effectiveness. It is categorized into transient and chronic types. Transient UI, often reversible, is caused by factors summarized in the acronym DIAPPERS: Delirium, Infection, Atrophic urethritis/vaginitis, Psychological disorders, Pharmaceuticals, Excess urine output, Restricted mobility, Stool impaction. Chronic UI includes stress, urge, mixed, overflow, functional, and persistent incontinence. Drug-induced UI, a transient form, is frequently seen in psychiatric treatment. Antipsychotics, antidepressants, and other psychiatric medications can cause UI through various mechanisms like affecting bladder muscle tone, altering nerve reflexes, and inducing other conditions like diabetes or epilepsy. Specific drugs like lithium and valproic acid have also been linked to UI, though mechanisms are not always clear. Managing UI in psychiatric patients requires careful monitoring of urinary symptoms and judicious medication management. If a drug is identified as the cause, options include discontinuing, reducing, or adjusting the dosage. In cases where medication continuation is necessary, additional treatments like desmopressin, oxybutynin, trihexyphenidyl, or amitriptyline may be considered.