• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.51-73
• /
• 1998

조건부가치측정법(CVM)의 지불의사 유도방법인 이중 양분선택형 질문법은 단일 양분선택형 질문 CV자료의 통계적 비효율성을 극복하기 위한 방법으로 제안되었다. 이 방법은 여러 가지 장점에도 불구하고 출발점 편의의 심리학적 근거인 정박효과 (anchoring effect)의 발생 가능성을 의심받고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 이중 양분선택형 질문 CV자료에서 정박효과를 검토할 수 있는 일반적 지불의사금액모형을 제시하고, 그 모형으로부터 정박효과를 검토할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 모형은, Cameron and Quiggin(1994)이 제안한 이변량 모형에 두 번째 내재 지불의사금액의 설명변수로서 처음 제시된 특정금액에 대한 양분선택적 응답결과를 포함시킨 형태이다. 이 모형에서 처음 제시된 특정금액에 대한 양분선택적 응답결과의 계수 부호가 음(-)이고 통계적으로 유의하다면 정박효과가 발생하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 그러나 만약 이러한 계수 검토에서 정박효과 발생을 확인할 수 없는 경우, 두 번의 응답에서 두 지불의사금액 추정치들의 평균이 다르다고 볼 수 없다면 정박효과를 우려할 필요가 없다. 이 검토 모형 및 방법을 본 연구에서 한강 수질 개선에 대한 CV자료에 적용해 본 결과 정박효과를 우려할 필요가 없음을 확인할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.329-347
• /
• 2020

When a person suggests an estimate under uncertainty, (s)he tend to rely on the information and number provided in advance. As a result, their final estimate would be assimilated to the initial value. This phenomenon is called "anchoring effect". The present research examined anchoring effects observed in law courts. Sentencing decision of jurors can be influenced by the sentence demanded by the prosecutor. Specifically, this study demonstrated the condition in which anchoring effect would be stronger and practical solutions for lowering anchoring effect. Study 1 demonstrated whether gravity of criminal cases and levels of anchor influenced anchoring effects. As expected, anchoring effect was stronger in a heavier criminal case than in a lighter one. When a low anchor was provided in a lighter case, anchoring effect was stronger compared to when a high anchor was provided. Study 2 examined how emotion affects anchoring effects. The results showed that anchoring effect appeared to be significantly stronger with feelings of anger than of sadness. Study 3 examined the solution for reducing anchoring effects in a court. When activation of selective-accessibility model was prevented, anchoring effects significantly decreased. These results can help solve the problems about juror judgmental bias and contribute to the development of Korean jury trial.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.59-84
• /
• 2005

Three studies were conducted to examine the degree to which three common heuristics, anchoring heuristic, framing effect and representative-ness heuristic, influence the decision-making precesses of actual judges and 5-persons mock juries. With scenarios regarding various issues that are commonly raised in actual criminal and civil trials, study 1 examined the 158 actual judges' decisions. In study 2, the decisions of 80 mock jury groups that consisted of college students were examined with similar scenarios. And individual decisions were examined in study 3 to compare with the group decisions in study 2. The decision processes of the actual judges and the mock jury groups alike were found to be influenced by "anchors". But the biases by the anchoring heuristic were more pronounced in the group decisions than in the decisions of the actual judges. With respect to framing effect, the actual judges were found to be resistant, while a small effect was found in the decisions of mock jury groups. Representative-ness biases weren't found in the decisions of both the actual judges and mock juries. The implications of the results for judicial systems were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2013

SBS [Healing Camp] seems like having a different sound usage from other entertainment programs. After content analysis, I found that [Healing Camp] uses much more music & sound effects than [Muhandojeon]. Music & sound effects of [Healing Camp] has functions of tautological informing, uplush of emotion or Ancrage, narrating or Relais. It is very similar to television subtitle. Positive uses of music & sound effects are expected to catch the attention of audience and to increase the ratings. But [Healing Camp] uses music & sound effects very positively and systematically and opens a new dimension of narratives.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2021.11a
• /
• pp.1368-1371
• /
• 2021

해상교통혼잡도와 선박사고는 연관성이 높다. 이에 본 논문은 자본 등의 이유로 위기상황 대응에 취약한 소형 선박에 특정된 위험을 인식하고, 유사시 일부 선착장으로 선박이 집중되는 것을 방지하기 위한 시스템을 제안한다. 안드로이드 APP과 클라우드 서비스, 알고리즘을 통해 최적의 정박지 및 경로를 제공함으로써 소형 선박이 향후 위기상황에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
• /
• 1992.08a
• /
• pp.64-68
• /
• 1992

항만의 주요한 기능은 선박의 안전한 출입항 및 정박과, 계류된 선박으로부터의 원활한 하역작업이 이루워질 수 있는 장소를 제공하는 것이다. 이러한 목적에서 항만은 일반적으로 외해로부터 내습하는 파랑을 효과적으로 차단시킬 수 있도록 건설되고 있다. 따라서, 천연적으로 파랑에 대하여 차폐된 수역이 이상적이나, 이와같은 장소는 많지가 않다.(중략)

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.27-53
• /
• 2013

It is a generalized way for the chartering business to fix the laytime bars except rarely adapting the customary despatch of the cargo work in port. The way of customary despatch is usually accepted by the owners in case the port facilities and other relevant infrastructures are in the satisfactory level for the cargo work whereas the laytime bars to be widely incorporated in the chaterparty for almost all occasions for owners and charterers to bind each other in loading and discharging cargo in port. The main purpose of establishing laytime bars on the charterparty is to secure the right and duty for both parties of the owners and the charterers, and furthermore to make the vessel despatched quickly from the port, whereby the costs incidental to the loading and discharging in port to be saved as much as possible. and the minimized costs in port will contribute to the profits in all parties involved in loading and discharging cargo. The conditions and terms on the laytime bars are expressed variously in their kinds according to the types of the charterparty to be used. The owners and charterers or the ship operators, however, seems not to be so accustomed in lawful understanding on these terms and conditions, and therefrom lots of disputes are noticed practically in the business field. As a result, this study is focused to render the owners and charterers rather clear understanding on their meanings and effects in legal aspects, and the various English Law Cases are referred in order to achieve the purpose of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.229-234
• /
• 2010

Recently, nations around the world are putting various efforts in many aspects to decrease greenhouse gases and international cooperation is urgently required. As part of these efforts, the shipping industry is working towords establishing "green parts" that reduce the carbon content of the greenhouse gases emitted in ports and can also decrease the operating costs. This study has tried to look for how to supply shore power instead of suppling ship's own generated power as a basic researches for reduction of carbon emissions and construction of "green parts" system. And in this paper, the training ship 'SAENURI' of Mokpo Maritime University under actual operation was selected to investigate for environmental and expense effects. The results of this study showed that $CO_2$ emissions Mere reduced 34% and operating costs Mere reduced approximately 31% in case of using the shore paper.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
• /
• 2001.10d
• /
• pp.226-232
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 결속장치(cohesive devices)가 과학텍스트의 읽기 속도와 내용 이해에 끼치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 연구의 목적을 위한 실험을 통해서 먼저, 텍스트의 문단별 읽기 시간을 측정하여 온라인 처리 과정을 검토하였고, 둘째, 회상과 재인 검사를 실시하여 오프라인 상태에서의 이해도를 조사하였다. 이 연구의 재료로 사용된 텍스트는 번개 생성과정에 대한 과학텍스트로서, 반복, 지시사, 정박(anchoring), 인과적 접속사 등의 결속장치를 이용하여 응집성(coherence)의 강도를 높고, 낮게 조작하였다. 실험 결과, 결속장치가 길속장치의 종류와 지엽적 응집성의 강도에 따라 과학텍스트 읽기와 이해에 선택적으로 영향을 끼친다는 것을 발견하였다. 첫째, 인과적 접속사는 읽기 시간에는 영향을 주지 않는 반면, 이해를 촉진했는데, 이 긍정적 효과는 과제의 종류에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 즉, 회상 검사 결과에서는 인과적 접속사가 쓰인 모든 문단에서 유의한 차이가 나타났으나, 재인 검사에서는 유의한 차이가 부분적으로만 나타났다. 둘째, 반복 결속장치는 다른 결속장치와 같이 발생할 경우에만 읽기 시간과 이해를 부분적으로 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째. 정박 결속장치의 영향은 읽기와 이해 두 처리 과정에 모두 선택적으로 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 인과적 접속사와 함께 쓰인 문단의 경우에는 회상 검사에서만, 반복 결속장치가 함께 쓰인 문단에서는 회상, 재인 검사에서 모두 긍정적 영향을 준 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.23-38
• /
• 2021

This paper investigated the preference change of payment terms in international trade along with counteroffer or first offer conditions of the other parties. Studies on trade payment terms have mainly focused on payment term determination factors such as firm size, product price level, country credit rate, etc. We tried to find other factors affecting payment terms choice, during the negotiation process. We applied behavioral economics theories such as 'Status Quo Bias' and 'Anchoring effect' to build our research model. To prove the existence of the above effects, we proceeded with field experiments to the exporting companies in Alibaba.com. Both 'Status Quo Bias' and 'Anchoring effect' were found in the field experiment. Most of the exporting companies preferred traditional payment methods to new payment methods. And an initial request for a low advance payment ratio led to a lower advance payment ratio. Also, the experience of using new payment methods could diminish status quo bias. This paper applied behavioral economics theories and field experiment methodology to the payment term studies in international trades. These attempts could contribute to expanding the diversity of methodology and scope of international trade studies.