• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 2000

Purpose : Intravenous infusion of albumin has been widely und to relieve severe nephrotic edema in spite of beneficial or harmful effects. The purpose of this study is to examine the harmful effect of albumin on the clinical course of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS). Method : We prospectively randomized the patients with nephrotic syndrome(biopsy proven or clinically compatible to minimal change nephrotic syndrome) into the albumin group(20$\%$ albumin 1 g/kg) or control group(5$\%$ D/W) between March 1997 and September 1999 at Ewha University Mokdong Hospital. We compared the clinical course of the albumin group(n=13) with the control group(n=13). Results : 1. The duration of steroid therapy until complete remission in the albumin group was significantly longer than the control group($13.7{\pm}6.4\;days\;vs\;7.5{\pm}2.8\;days$)(P<0.05). 2. The remission duration to the first relapse was significantly shorter in the albumin group ($94{\pm}63.5$ days) than the control group($190{\pm}106.4$ days)(P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the relapse rate within 1 year after complete remission[77$\%$ (10/13) vs 46$\%$ (6/13)](P>0.05) and the relapse frequency per year($1.9{\pm}0.8\;vs\;1.5{\pm}0.5$) between the albumin and control groups. 3. Spot urine protein/creatinine ratio significantly increased in the albumin group at post-albumin 2, 4 days(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the change of the daily percent weight loss, blood pressure, serum Na, K concentration between the albumin and control groups. Conclusion : Albumin infusion in SSNS delayed the response to steroid and shortened the remission duration to the first relapse. Albumin should be carefully used in nephrotic edema.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.630-634
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• 2009

"Hyedang", a new covered cultivar derived from the crosses between "Suwon300" and "Haganemugi//CI08397/Haganemugi" developed at the Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA in 2007. The origin of "Hyedang" is "Iksan 407" (SB951033-B-B-B-72). The initial cross was made in 1995 and the selected line showed a high yield and good quality characteristics under yield trial test in 2004. "Iksan407" consistently performed well for three years (2005-2007) from the four locations of regional yield trial (RYT) in Korea and released as "Hyedang". The characteristics of "Hyedang" were the following: rate III growth habit, green leaf and stem, compact spike and with long rough awns. The heading date was April 25 in upland and April 17 in paddy field, which was 2 and 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar, "Olbori". The culm length was 80 cm which was 8 cm shorter than those of check cultivar. It showed spike length of 4.3 cm and 696 spikes per $m^2$, 51 grains per spike, 35.0 g of 1,000 grain weight and 704 g of test weight. It showed stronger winter hardiness and higher resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) than those with check cultivar. It showed similar protein content and higher whiteness than those of the check cultivar and diastatic power was higher than that of Olbori. The average yield of the pearled grain in the RYT was $4.17ton\;ha^{-1}$ in upland and $4.27ton\;ha^{-1}$ in paddy field, which was 23% and 9% higher than that of the check cultivar, respectively. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum mean temperature of $-8^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 2011

Purpose: The objectives were to identify the characteristics of neonates with hydrops fetalis, and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Methods: A retrospective review of AMC (Asan Medical Center) dataset was performed from January 1990 to June 2009. The characteristics of 71 patients with hydrops fetalis were investigated and they were divided into two groups: the survived group and the expired group. Various perinatal and neonatal factors in two groups were compared to find out risk factors associated with mortality based on univariate analysis, followed by multiple regression analyses (SPSS version 18.0). Results: Of those 71 neonates (average gestational age: 33 weeks, birth weight: 2.6 kg), 38 survived, 33 died, resulting in overall mortality rate of 46.5%. The most common etiology was idiopathic followed by chylothorax, cardiac anomalies, twin-to-twin transfusion, meconium peritonitis, cardiac arrythmias, and congenital infections. Factors that were associated independently with mortality in logistic regression analyses were low 5-minutes Apgar score, hyaline membrane disease and delayed in achieving 50th percentile ideal body weight for appropriate gestational age by 10 days. Conclusion: In this study, 5-minutes Apgar score, hyaline membrane disease and delayed in achieving 50th percentile ideal body weight for appropriate gestational age by 10 days were significant risk factors associated with mortality in hydrops fetalis. Therefore, the risk of death among neonates with hydrops fetalis depends on the illness immediately after birth and severity of hydrops fetalis. Informations from this study may prove useful in prediction of prognosis to neonates with hydrops fetalis.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.697-707
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• 2007

In this study, we estimated the PMP(Probable Maximum Precipitation) and its transition in case of the typhoon Rusa which happened the biggest damage of all typhoons in the Korea. Specially, we analysed the moisture maximizing rate under the consideration of meteorological condition based on the orographic property when it hits in Gangneung region. The PMP is calculated by the rate of the maximum persisting 12 hours 1000 hPa dew points and representative persisting 12 hours 1000 hPa dew point. The former is influenced by the moisture inflow regions. These regions are determined by the surface wind direction, 850 hPa moisture flux and streamline, which are the critically different aspects compared to that of previous study. The latter is calculated using statistics program (FARD2002) provided by NIDP(National Institute for Disaster Prevention). In this program, the dew point is calculated by reappearance period 50-year frequency analysis from 5% of the level of significant when probability distribution type is applied extreme type I (Gumbel distribution) and parameter estimation method is used the Moment method. So this study indicated for small basin$(3.76km^2)$ the difference the PMP through new method and through existing result of established storm transposition and DAD(Depth-Area-Duration). Consequently, the moisture maximizing rate is calculated in the moisture inflow regions determined by meteorological fields is higher $0.20{\sim}0.40$ range than that of previous study. And the precipitation is increased $16{\sim}31%$ when this rate is applied for calculation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.651-655
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• 2005

Background : Diagnosing a pulmonary embolism is difficult because its presenting symptoms are nonspecific and there are limitations with all of the objective tests. The D-dimer is known to be a marker of the lysis of intravascular cross-linked fibrin as a result of the activation of the endogenous fibrinolytic pathways, and the D-dimer assay is these an objective method for diagnosing a pulmonary embolism. This study assessed the benefits of the D-dimer test for diagnosing a pulmonary embolism using semiquantitative latex agglutination. Methods : The latex agglutination results of 185 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The D-dimer test was performed at the time a pulmonary embolism was suspected. Ninety patients(group I) were diagnosis with PE through spiral chest CT or a chest CT angiogram, perfusion/ventilation scans, and/or pulmonary angiogram. Ninety-five patients (group II) were found not to have a pulmonary embolism through the above tests. Results : The male to female ratio and mean age in groups I and II was 37:55, and 57 years old to 50:45 and 52 years old, respectively. When the cut off value for a positive D-dimer assay was set to $500{\mu}g$, the sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and specificity was 86.7%, 61.4%, 79.3%, and 48.4%, respectively. Conclusion : The semiquantitative latex agglutination method in the D-dimer test has a lower sensitivity and negative predictive value than the well known ELISA test particularly for small emboli. Therefore, this test is not a suitable screening test for excluding a pulmonary embolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1560-1566
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• 2013

This study was conducted to find out the effects of aqueous extract from the leaves of Artemisia capillaris (AA) on the reduction of hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol in rats. In this experiment, Sprague Dawley rats were used in the experimental groups, which were divided into 5 groups; normal group, ethanol+UDCA (ursodeoxycholic acid)-treated group (positive control), ethanol-treated group (control), ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated group (200 mg/kg of BW) and ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated group (400 mg/kg of BW). AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), GGT (gamma(${\gamma}$)-glutamyl transferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) activities of the ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated group (400 mg/kg of BW) were significantly decreased compared to that of the ethanol-treated group (P<0.05). The triglyceride level of the ethanol-treated group was significantly increased and the HDL-cholesterol level was significantly decreased compared to the normal group (P<0.05). On the other hand, the triglyceride level was significantly decreased (P<0.05) and the HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was enhanced significantly (P<0.05) in the ethanol+Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract-treated groups. Also, malondialdehyde contents were decreased in this group (P<0.05). Histologically, in the control group, there was a mild degenerative change around central venule. The AA treated group showed well preserved lobular architectures with no evidence of steatosis or liver damage in aqueous extract from the leaves of Artemisia capillaris treated group (H&E, ${\times}20$). As the results of this study, it is thought that Artemisia capillaris aqueous extract may have effects on the improvement of hepatic damage by ethanol.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.234-242
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• 2000

Purpose: Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography has been validated as an useful non-invasive diagnostic tool for the primary breast cancer. But most studies have included small population of patients. We have experienced a large study population and investigated the diagnostic usefulness of Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography in detection of primary breast cancer and axillary lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: This study included 305 patients who underwent scintimammogtaphy for palpable breast masses or abnormal radiologic findings. Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography was performed 10 minutes after intravenous injection of 925 MBq of Tc-99m MIBI. If the early image revealed abnormal finding, 3 hour delayed image was also acquired. We calculated early and delayed lesion to non-lesion ratios (L/N). The pathologic diagnosis was obtained from surgical operation or FNAB and compared with the results of Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography. Results: Malignant breast diseases were 155 and benign ones were 150. Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography revealed 132 true positive, 23 false negative, 10 false positive, and 140 true negative cases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the primary breast cancer detection were 85.2%, 93.4%, 92.9%, and 85.9%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography in detecting metastatic axillary lymph node involvement were 22%, 90.4%, 61.9% and 62.3%, respectively. Early L/N of malignant breast disease was significantly higher than that of benign one ($2.44{\pm}0.97\;vs\;1.94{\pm}0.78$, p=0.01). Delayed L/N had no significant difference between malignant and benign breast diseases ($1.94{\pm}0.52\;vs\;1.91{\pm}0.73$, p=0.43). Conclusion: Our study revealed that Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography was an useful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer. And early L/N ratio might provide complementary role in the detection of breast cancer. But the Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography had limited value in the detection of small breast cancer (less than 1 cm) and axillary lymph node metastasis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1998

Primary lung cancer has recently increased progressively in its incidence in Korea. It is clearly evident that surgical resection offers the best offortunity for cure of non-small cell carcinoma. This study was designed to analyse the clinical data of 100 primary non-small cell carcinoma patients who underwent lung resection surgery from January 1992 to July 1995 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Sugery, Kyungpook National University Hospital. There were 86 males and 14 females(6:1). In the age distribution, the peak incidence was recorded in the seventh decade(43%). The methods of tissue diagnosis were bronchoscopic biopsy in 53 patients(50.5%), percutaneous needle aspiration in 17 patients(16.2%), transbronchial lung biopsy in 11 patients(10.5%), mediastinoscopic biopsy in 2 patients (1.9%), sputum cytology in 2 patients(1.9%), and thoracotomy in 20 patients(19.0%). Fifty-five lobectomies, 22 pneumonectomies, 15 bilobectomies, 2 segmentectomies, 4 sleeve lobectomies, a sleeve pneumonectomy, and a wedge pneumonectomy were performed. Operative mortality occured in 4 cases(sepsis in 2 cases, respiratory failure in 1 case, and acute myocardiac infarction in 1 case). The histologic types of tumor were 67 squamous cell carcinomas, 26 adenocarcinomas, 6 large cell carcinomas, and an adenosquamous cell carcinoma. Eighteen patients with N2 mediastinal lymph node metastases had 8 squamous cell carcinomas(11.9%), 9 adenocarcinomas(34.6%), and a large cell carcinoma(16.7%). The primary tumors in these patients were in the right upper lobe in 4 patients, the right middle and lower lobe in 9 patients, the left upper lobe in 3 patients, and the left lower lobe in 2 patients. With regard to pathologic stages, 45 patients had stage I disease; 13 patients, stage II; 36 patients, stage IIIa; 5 patients, stage IIIb; and 1 patient, stage IV. The overall actuarial survival rate was 77.5% at 12 months, 56.1% at 24 months and 43.7% at 43 months. The actuarial survival rates at 43 months were 81.3% in Stage I, 20.8% in Stage II, 27.9% in Stage IIIa, 25.0% in Stage IIIb and 33.3% in Stage IV. These facts suggest that early detection and surgical resection are recommended for favorable postoperative survival in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.255-258
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• 2015

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is an acute and life-threatening disease most commonly affecting large- and giant-breed dogs. However a 17-year-old Shih-tzu (4 kg, spayed female) was hospitalized for acute GDV. Repeated unproductive retching, lethargy, and excessively enlarged abdomen were observed. Physical examination indicated that the patient had suffered from hypothermia ($36.5^{\circ}C$), tachycardia (240 bpm), slowed capillary refill time (> 2 sec.), and pale mucous membrane. Grade III murmur with normal lung sound was auscultated. Abdominal palpation revealed that tympanic regions existed in both the left and right sides. Systolic blood pressure decreased gradually from 220 to 40 mmHg within 4 hours. In blood analysis, slight azotemia was observed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 29.1 mg/dl) and creatinine (1.6 mg/dl). Blood lactate concentration (8.13 mmol/l) was severely elevated. Additionally, dilatation and volvulus of the stomach was observed by radiograph. Supportive oxygen, heat, fluid, and drugs were administered with gastric decompressions (e.g., gastrocentesis and nasogastric tube). However the patient entered into comatose status with uncontrollable systolic blood pressure, despite the administration of dobutamine intravenously. The case was closed by euthanasia, considering welfare and age. We finally diagnosed the patient as a GDV, thus this is the first GDV case report in small-breed dog such as Shih-tzu.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.644-651
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• 2004

Background: Refractory atrial arrhythmias in patients late after the Fontan operation result in significant morbidity and mortality. We reviewed our experience with arrhythmia surgery in patients who had Fontan operation. Material and Method: Between July 1986 and December 2003, 275 early survivors after Fontan operation were reviewed. Fourteen patients underwent. arrhythmia surgery at reoperation after Fontan operation, and mean age at reoperation was 16.8$\pm$7.1 (range: 4.5 ∼ 30.6) years. Mechanisms of arrhythmia included atrial flutter in 8 patients, and atrial fibrillation in 2. Arrhythmia surgery has evolved from isthmus cryoablation in 12 patients to right-sided maze in 2 patients. Thirty-two patients. underwent prophylactic isthmus cryoablation concomitantly at initial Fontan operation. Result: Postoperative arrhythmias occurred in 68 patients (24.7%) among 275. There was no early and late mortality after the arrhythmia surgery. After redo Fontan operation, all patients maintained normal sinus rhythm. Atrial flutter recurred in 3 patients who had sinus conversion with medication and 7 required permanent pacemakers with a mean follow-up of 26.5$\pm$29.1 (range: 2 ∼ 73) months. All patients have improved to NYHA class I or II. After prophylactic cryoablation at initial Fontan operation, 29 patients (90.6%) had sinus rhythm, 1 patient had junctional tachycardia, 1 patient had sinus nodal dysfunction, and 1 patient had AV block with a mean follow-up of 51.3$\pm$19.8 (range: 4∼80) months. Conclusion: Redo Fontan operation, and concomitant arrhythmia surgery reduced atrial arrhythmias and improved NYHA functional classification.