• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.48-56
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to develop quantitative criteria for setting reasonable standards and regulations for building heights in collective facility districts inside national parks or those connected to their borders. Heights of all building sin collective facility districts were simulated in order to determine heights of ridge lines of sight passing the upper parts of buildings from a main view point. Where a facility's zone is located at the inside or boundary of inland mountainous national parks, and there are coastal type national parks with mountains in the background, the study recommended assigning the maximum allowable height of a building as 8.82m if national park authorities intend to preserve the ridges at three-tenths the height of a mountain. It amounts to 3 or 3.5 stories when it is converted into the number of floors. It is desirable to apply this standard to accommodations like a hotel except lodge or cottage as the maximum allowable height of a building. Nevertheless, when there aren't back mountainous areas among coastal-type national parks, there is a need for applying a separate standard. If an equal and uniform standard is applied to all collective facility districts, it becomes difficult to address local differences when managing landscape. There must be flexibility when applying a standard, depending on variables such as location of view points, differences in the methods of selection of view points, and differences in view angles, etc. Thus, there is a need for different landscape management strategies that address the unique natural environment of different zones.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.82-93
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• 2014

Long Term rental housing, which is supplied for performing housing welfare, has been aging from permanent rental housing. Therefore, variety housing welfare projects are planing and performing for improving aged facilities. However, although every welfare policy are necessary, we have to efficiently allocate and commit the funds, because the fund and resources is limited. And there is required the feasibility study before performing public project for housing welfare, because it needs large amount of financial supports by government. Meanwhile, because most of existed studies are focused on guide development, it has limitation to apply the result of existed studies in this study, which considers public remodeling project for housing welfare. But in reality, public project is been decided by willing of policy decision-maker. Therefore, in this study, we suggest the evaluation method of policy value for two alternatives(remodeling and maintain) of a aged long term rental housing. To extract the attributes of policy value, we considered categorized items of preliminary feasibility study. Through extracting attribute factors of policy value for aged long term rental housing, we can calculate the policy value of remodeling and maintain alternatives by using MAUT. As a result of analysis, we can find that the utility value of remodeling is 0.6161 and the utility value of maintain is 0.2461 and also the utility of remodeling is higher than utility of maintain. Therefore, when we plan the public projects for performing housing welfare, we can choose remodeling alternative rather than maintain alternative using quantitive data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.678-682
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국건설기술연구원의 주요사업인 "산지하천 유역의 홍수예측을 위한 수문조사(2011~2015년)"의 Test-bed 유역중의 하나인 설마천 유역(경기도 파주시 적성면)을 운영하면서 신뢰성 있는 수문자료를 지속적으로 획득함과 동시에 산지하천 유역의 홍수량 예측과 재해방지 설계기법을 개선하고 수문정보를 제공하는데 있다(Test-bed 유역중의 또 하나인 차탄천 유역은 2011년 수문관측 기반구축 완성). 이를 위하여 2011년에도 지속적인 수문조사를 하였으며, 수문자료의 품질 향상을 위한 관측기기의 유지관리와 수집된 자료의 처리절차를 통하여 신뢰성 있는 수문자료를 생성하고, 이들 자료를 바탕으로 유역의 수문특성을 분석하였다. 또한 홍수량 예측과 재해방지 설계기법 개선을 위해서는 관련 기술조사, 평가와 취약 설계인자를 도출하였으며, 정량화를 위한 시험 및 조사방법을 결정하는 과정을 진행하고 있다. 설마천-차탄천 수문정보시스템(http://seolmacheon.kict.re.kr)은 Test-bed 유역(설마천 유역 이외에 차탄천 유역 포함)에서 생성되는 수문자료를 수집, 저장, 공유하는 기능을 포함하고, 홍수예측 모형(집중형 모형)과 강우레이더 자료(RDAPS 자료)를 결합한 산지하천의 홍수예측을 모의할 수 있는 기능을 추가하였으며, 향후 모의의 정도를 개선하고자 다른 모형과 다른 강우레이더 자료 도입을 목표로 진행할 예정이다. 그리고 Test-bed 유역을 기반으로 한 홍수량 예측 모형의 적용성 평가를 통해 중 소규모 산지하천 유역에 적합한 실시간 홍수예보 시스템 개발과 유역 수문조사 지침서 작성을 통해 가이드를 제시하고자 한다. 2011년 설마천 유역에서 생성된 자료로는 6개 우량관측소의 우량자료, 2개 수위관측소의 하천수위 및 지하수위, 유량측정성과 등이 있으며, 이로부터 산정된 유역평균우량과 유량자료 등이 있다. 확정된 강우-유출자료를 이용하여 강우의 호우사상 분석(강우강도, 지속기간), 강우의 지속기간별 최대강우량, 강우의 시 공간 분포 특성 분석, 월별 유출 및 주요 호우사상의 유출특성 분석 등 기본적인 강우-유출 특성을 분석하였다. 그리고, 유량측정성과의 불확실도 분석을 통하여 측정한 유량자료의 정확도를 제고하였다. 설마천 유역에서 축적된 수문자료는 자료의 공유를 통하여 자료의 검증을 확보함과 동시에 연구성과가 수자원 개발 분야에 활용되기 위해서는 지속적이고 안정적인 자료확보와 수문관측 기술개발을 위한 노력과 투자가 더욱더 필요한 상황이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.367-367
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• 2018

전 세계적으로 이상기후에 의한 영향으로 여름철 장마와 같은 우기가 점차 사라지고 집중호우 및 가뭄이 빈번하게 발생하는 등 지하수위 변동성에 따른 물 부족 현상이 발생하고 있다. 특히, 제주특별자치도는 하천수 및 저수지의 수원을 농업용수로 이용하는 내륙지역과는 달리 농업용수의 수원으로 지하수를 이용하고 있어 향후 기후변화로 인한 극단적인 가뭄과 농업형태의 변화등 지하수의 의존도는 가속화 될 전망이다. 따라서, 제주특별자치도는 지하수 관리차원에서 신규관정개발을 최소화 하고 용수공급량의 부족과 불균형을 해소시키기 위하여 2016년부터 농업용수 광역화 사업을 추진하고 있다. 본 연구는 제주특별자치도에서 추진하고 있는 '농업용수 광역화 사업'과 연계하여 용천수를 활용한 농업용 수자원 확보를 위하여 용천수 및 상시하천수의 정량적인 수량파악 및 농업용 수질기준에 적절한 유출수를 선정하고 제주지역 농업용수에 대체수자원을 활용한 지하수 의존비율을 저감시키는데 목표를 두고 수행되었다. 제주특별자치도 서귀포 지역에 분포하고 있는 16개 용천수 및 2개 상시하천을 대상으로 최종 해안으로 유출되는 10개 지점에서 농업용수 활용가능성을 검토한 결과 최소 유량 값은 각 지점별로 속골물 6,313.3($m^3$/일), 조이통물 11,406.3($m^3/day$), 꿩망물 8,402.8($m^3/day$), 선궷내물 4,290.8($m^3/day$), 논짓물 690.8($m^3/day$), 대왕수 1063.0($m^3/day$), 작지물 7,060.4($m^3/day$), 하강물 1,487.6($m^3/day$), 악근천 1,043.6($m^3/day$), 예래천 2,114.4($m^3/day$)로 산정되었으며, 수질 분석에 있어서는 작지물을 제외한 9개 지점에서 농업용수 사용 기준을 충족 하였다. 이상의 결과는 향후 제주특별자치도의 농업용수 공급량의 부족과 불균형 해소 및 지하수 관리차원의 신규관정 개발을 최소화 하는데 보탬이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.817-823
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• 2023

Manufacturing plants face the challenge of reducing energy use in response to climate change. Reducing energy consumption can be seen as one of the most important issues, such as reducing production costs and improving efficiency. Among manufacturing industries, the increase in energy consumption in the food industry is gradually increasing along with the improvement of the standard of living and the increase in population. In order to save energy in food processing plants, it is important to identify and analyze energy consumption characteristics in energy-consuming processes. Prior to this, it is necessary to monitor and analyze existing energy consumption to derive reduction measures. In this study, a small and medium-sized food processing plant producing processed meat products was used as a case study to identify and analyze the energy consumption structure at typical cycle/stage level of the batch heating process. From this, we tried to establish realistic and quantitative goals that can be obtained under individual process operating conditions. The results of this study will be used as basic data for the development of diffusion and pervasive energy saving FEMS technology for common core processes of food factories of small and medium-sized enterprises in the future.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2022

The LID technique began to be applied in Korea after 2009, and LID facilities are installed and operated for rainwater management in business districts such as the Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and LH Corporation, public institutions, commercial land, housing, parks, and schools. However, looking at domestic cases, the application cases and operation periods are insufficient compared to those outside the country, so appropriate design standards and measures for operation and maintenance are insufficient. In particular, LID facilities constructed using LID techniques need to maintain the environment inside LID facilities because hydrological and environmental effects are expressed by material circulation and energy flow. The LID facility is designed with the treatment capacity planned for the water circulation target, and the proper maintenance, vegetation, and soil conditions are periodically identified, and the efficiency is maintained as much as possible. In other words, the soil created in LID is a very important design element because LID facilities are expected to have effects such as water pollution reduction, flood reduction, water resource acquisition, and temperature reduction while increasing water storage and penetration capacity through water circulation construction. In order to maintain and manage the functions of LID facilities accurately, the current state of the facilities and the cycle of replacement and maintenance should be accurately known through various quantitative data such as soil contamination, snow removal effects, and vegetation criteria. This study was conducted to investigate the current status of LID facilities installed in Korea from 2009 to 2020, and analyze soil changes through the continuity and current status of LID facilities applied over the past 10 years after collecting soil samples from the soil layer. Through analysis of Saturn, organic matter, hardness, water contents, pH, electrical conductivity, and salt, some vegetation-type LID facilities more than 5 to 7 years after construction showed results corresponding to the lower grade of landscape design. Facilities below the lower level can be recognized as a point of time when maintenance is necessary in a state that may cause problems in soil permeability and vegetation growth. Accordingly, it was found that LID facilities should be managed through soil replacement and replacement.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.235-250
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• 2021

The overarching question of this study is how a typical rice cultivation system in Gimje, Korea was keeping up with the triple-win challenge of climate-smart agriculture (CSA). To answer this question, we have employed (1) quantitative data from direct measurement of energy, water, carbon and information flows in and out of a rice cultivation system and (2) appropriate metrics to assess production, efficiency, GHG fluxes, and resilience. The study site was one of the Korean Network of Flux measurement (KoFlux) sites (i.e., GRK) located at Gimje, Korea, managed by National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration. Fluxes of energy, water, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) were directly measured using eddy-covariance technique during the growing seasons of 2011, 2012 and 2014. The production indicators include gross primary productivity (GPP), grain yield, light use efficiency (LUE), water use efficiency (WUE), and carbon uptake efficiency (CUE). The GHG mitigation was assessed with indicators such as fluxes of carbon dioxide (F_CO2), methane (F_CH4), and nitrous oxide (F_N2O). Resilience was assessed in terms of self-organization (S), using information-theoretic approach. Overall, the results demonstrated that the rice cultivation system at GRK was climate-smart in 2011 in a relative sense but failed to maintain in the following years. Resilience was high and changed little for three year. However, the apparent competing goals or trade-offs between productivity and GHG mitigation were found within individual years as well as between the years, causing difficulties in achieving the triple-win scenario. The pursuit of CSA requires for stakeholders to prioritize their goals (i.e., governance) and to practice opportune interventions (i.e., management) based on the feedback from real-time assessment of the CSA indicators (i.e., monitoring) - i.e., a purpose-driven visioneering.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.459-459
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• 2018

서낙동강은 당초 낙동강 본류였으나 1934년 김해평야 일원의 농업용수 공급을 위하여 건설된 대저수문과 녹산수문의 완공 이후 현재의 상태로 유지되고 있다. 서낙동강은 대저수문을 통한 유입과 녹산수문, 녹산배수펌프장을 통한 방류가 시행되고 있으며, 이러한 운영은 외해 조위조건에 따라 간헐적으로 운영되고 있어서, 수체의 정체로 인한 오염도가 높은 실정이다. 또한, 서낙동강 유역은 에코델타시티 등 다양한 개발계획이 수립됨에 따라 수질관리를 위한 여건도 변화할 것으로 예상되며, 이러한 개발에 따른 다양한 수질개선에 대한 사회적 요구가 증대됨에 따라 이를 위한 물순환 개선과 유역에서의 오염부하 저감 등 다양한 수질개선 대책이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 그간 서낙동강을 대상으로 시행되었던 연구결과와 현재 시행중인 물순환에 대한 효과를 검토하고, 이를 정량화하기 위한 2차원 수리 수질모형(CE-QUAL-W2)을 구축 활용하여 현행 물순환 방안의 운영 효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 당초 환경영향평가시 제시되었던 대저수문과 맥도수문을 통한 유입과 맥도배수펌프장을 통한 유출로 서낙동강, 평강천, 맥도강의 수질을 개선하고자 했던 물순환 계획은 여러 가지 여건으로 인해 시행되지 못하고 있으며, 현재는 매주 강서구청에서 맥도배수펌프장을 이용하여 평강천과 맥도강의 수위를 저하시킨 이후 서낙동강의 하천수를 유입시키는 형태로 물순환을 시행하고 있다. 이러한 현행 물순환 방안에 대한 분석을 위하여 서낙동강, 평강천, 맥도강 구간에 대하여 2차원 수리 수질모형(CE-QUAL-W2)을 이용하여 모의한 결과 현재의 물순환 방법으로는 물순환 유량이 증가하더라도 수질개선에 한계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 서낙동강에 낙동강 하천수가 대저수문을 통하여 유입된 이후 장기간 체류함에 따라 유역에서의 오염물질 유입의 영향이 크게 나타나며, 이에 따라 평강천과 맥도강에 유입되는 경우 수질개선이 제한적인 것으로 판단된다. 추가적으로 현재 서낙동강 대비 상대적으로 수질이 양호한 낙동강 본류의 하천수를 신규 수문 등의 시설물을 통하여 유입시키는 조건에 대한 분석 결과 현행 물순환 대비 효과가 크며 당초 예상했던 환경영향평가시 목표수질을 달성할 수 있을 것으로 판단보다 상세한 분석과 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.21-33
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• 2001

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) was first introduced in Korea early 1990's, and Korean government has put a lot of efforts for flourishing it in the entire nation. Regardless of these efforts, private participation is not active enough to accelerate ITS implementation in Korea. Expert group made every endeavor to analyze the current situation, and found out some phenomena. It may be summarized as two folds. Firstly, private sector has a lack of confidence on the future ITS market. Budget in the strategic plan is the only publication and guide that private sector can refer to, and it merely indicates deployment costs. Secondly, direction and procedure of R&D are not well defined. It implies that private sector takes too much risk when they invest for R&D. This research, therefore, focuses on the first issues. Concretely, the goal of the project was to establish and analyze the model for estimation the future ITS market side. Author reviewed both quantitative and qualitative models, and concluded that diffusion model in qualitative model was suitable for ITS market estimation. According to model calibration. it is estimated that 14 trillion Won was the market size in 2020 under normal condition. Impact of this result may seduce Information Technology(IT) related private companies into ITS market. Although this research couldn't cover various topics, it nay dedicate in boosting ITS in Korea. Also, it will be a good starting point for further study for the advancement of ITS.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine COVID-19 situation in temrs of war-theory and to find out ways to overcome it. Just as the war changes the paradigm in the international situation and the national crisis management system, the current COVID-19 pandemic is bringing about the entry of the so-called "New Normal" era having the characteristics including untact culture. Although academic research on COVID-19 is mainly dealt with in terms of medical, tourism, and economics, the military research has not yet begun from the perspective of military science or war theory. In the concept of a comprehensive crisis that COVID-19 can cause enormous damage to the life and property of a country, it can be regarded as a target or enemy to be overcome. Among various war theories, the similarities with COVID-19 incident are analyzed in terms of the nature and aspect of the war and the factors of victory. Qualitative and questionnaire analysis results show that the COVID-19 outbreak is very similar to war when considering a variety of war-characteristics. In addition this research proposes ways to overcome COVID-19 based on the victorious factors of the past war, and predicts the impact of the international community after the end of COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of analyzing the priority of overcoming factors through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) shows that clear goals and establishment of alliances should be prioritized for successfully overcoming COVID-19.