• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.318-325
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• 1986

The studies were performed to obtain the basic informations on the influence of weather condition for grain yield and yield components in barley. The data of Olbori tested in 9 sites for 12 years were used in the studies. Milled grain yield was decreased in paddy field after rice harvested comparing to the upland condition, and yield potential was differed by test sites with the most stable yield in Gyeongnam. The coefficients of variation analyzed for milled grain yield by years were 12.2-42.6% with the differences between high-yield and low-yield year. Heading date was earlier in high-yield year and southern part compared to the low-yield year and middle part of the Korean peninsular showing the negative correlation between grain yield and heading date. High-yield year showed longer in culm length, shorter in spike length, almost same in number of grains per spike, and lower in 1,000grain weight compared to the low-yield year. Correlation analyzed between number of spikes and grain yield showed positive relationship. Temperatures affected to the grain yield analyzed by high in vegitative growth stage, low in alternative growth stage, and almost same in reproductive growth stage in high-yield year comparing to the low-yield year, however no remarkable differences of temperatures affected were detected in over wintering stage between high-yield and low-yield year. Precipitation amount in high-yield year was lesser in sowing time, more in seedling time, and lesser in over wintering time than those of the low-yield year. Correlation between rainfall amount in the early of April and grain yield showed significant negative correlation with the remarkable affects to the grain yield. Sunshine hours in high-yield year were longer in sowing time, shorter in over wintering time, and after the over wintering time to harvesting time was longer than those of the low-yie-ld year.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.282-286
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• 2010

The present studies were carried out for three years from 2007 until 2009 to control nematode and to increase yield of cucumber by crashed-rape seed application at polyethylene film house. Crashed-rape seed has a lot of glucosinolate. Myrosinase decompose gulcosinolate into isothiocyanate and thiocyanate when crashedrape seed go to decay at soil. Those chemical compounds act on poison to nematode at soil. When the crashedrape seed treated at soil, an amount of thiocyanate at soil was risen up. Thiocyanate of plot treated with 200 and 400 kg crashed-rape seed per 10a was 30 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. Nematode(meloidogyne spp) population at soil was 13 to 17 nematodes per dried soil 300g. Yield of cucumber increased 6 to 15 percent to be compared with control. While, Nematode(meloidogyne spp) population of control plot were 463 nematodes per dried soil 300 g. This level was much higher than 150 nematodes which can be brought about injury to plant. Even if the more an amount of crashed-rape seed application, the higher yield of cucumber and control effect of nematode. Consider economical efficiency, 200 kg of crashed-rape seed per 10a was the most effective. Therefore, we suggest applying 200 kg of crashed-rape seed per 10a to control soil nematode when culture cucumber at plastic film house.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.747-753
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential for the development of radioprotective agent in extracts manufactured by mixing Artemisia asiatica Nakai and Moringa oleifera Lam known as antioxidant food with the appropriate ratio. Their whole body were irradiated 7Gy radiation after oral administration of a mixed extract of Artemisia asiatica Nakai and Moringa oleifera Lam to SD Rat for two weeks. And 1 day, 7days, 21days later, changes in blood cell components, SOD activations and tissue changes in the uterus were observed.It was confirmed that the AM + IR group had a higher tendency to recover leukocyte (p<0.05) and platelet (p<0.05) levels than the IR group. It was also confirmed that SOD activity was increased and cell death was decreased in uterine tissue.Based on these results, the mixed extract of A and B is expected to be useful as a radiation protection agent capable of reducing blood cell and uterine damage caused by radiation exposure.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.256-264
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• 2014

Enhancing the value of fine chemicals based on biomass resources is an important objective for addressing environmental and other concerns such as demand for renewable or green products, as well as from the political perspective to reduce dependence on fossil feedstock associated with the use of petroleum-based products. Based on these considerations, we studied the synthesis of estolide using waste plant-based oil materials and their application as lubricants and pour point depressants. Five estolides were prepared by varying molar ratio of palmitic acid (PA) to oleic acid (OA) using a reaction time of 48 h. The estolides were characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The isolated yields were in the range of 57-78 % and purity was 93-97%, showing iodine values of 18.2-37.8, total acid numbers (TANs) of 75.6-94.2 mg KOH/g and estolide numbers (ENs) of 1.2-1.8. Increasing the ratio of OA to PA in the synthesis decreased the kinematic viscosity and clouding point of the estolides. Four ball wear test of the estolides as a base oil demonstrated that the wear scar diameter (WSD) of the estolides was significantly lower (0.320-0.495 mm) than the WSD of general base oils such as 150N and Yubase (0.735 and 0.810 mm, respectively), indicating better wear resistance of the estolides. However, the lubricant property was found to be independent of the amount of OA in the estolides. These new materials are prospective candidates for application as a lubricant base oil.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.216-229
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• 1996

Interferon(IFN) is a sort of glycoproteins that are produced by activated lymphocyte, monocyte and fibroblast. IFN has anti-viral effects, immuno-defensive mechanism and regulating properties to the several kinds of cells that includes affect on the bone formation and resorption. The effect of IFN on the osteoclast & other tissue cells has been studied in a number of researchers with the limited reports on the osteoblast. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of IFN on the osteoblastic function. The MC3T3/El cell(Mouse osteoblast) was incubated in ${\alpha}-minimum$ essential medium containing 10% FBS. To detect the cytotoxic effect of $IFN-{\gamma}$ on osteoblast, the cells were cultured in 96-well plate to which $IFN-{\gamma}$ of various concentrations were added for 2 days. After staining with trypan blue, total cells and living cells were counted under microscope. To determine the activity of alkaline phosphataset(ALP), various concentrations of $IFN-{\gamma}$ were treated to culture medium, and biochemical assay was performed. $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$ plus cycloheximide were added to culture medium separately and then ALP activity were determined. To detect the effect of the $IFN-{\gamma}$ on the bone formation of osteoblast, long-term culture was performed, and calcified nodule formation were observed using von Kossa's staining. After the addition of $IFN-{\gamma}$ with various concentrations to the medium, no cytotoxic effect of $IFN-{\gamma}$ was detected at any concentration. The significant increase in ALP activity of osteoblast were found the concentration of $IFN-{\gamma}$ 500-2500U/ml and the culture time of 24-48 hours respectively. The enhancement of ALP activity by $IFN-{\gamma}$ of osteoblast was decreased significantly by the treatment of cycloheximide. After long-term culture of osteoblast, the nodule formation was found to be increased in number and density by the addition of 500 U/ml $IFN-{\gamma}$. These results suggest that $IFN-{\gamma}$ was affected on the bone formation of osteoblast. Forthemore this kind of study or $IFN-{\gamma}$ to osteoblast will be held continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

This study was a basic research to obtain the knowledge of physical properties of the upper sedimented sandy soil in the Nakdong river delta area. The characteristics of shear strength and permeability with fine content and relative density were also investigated. The upper sedimented sandy soil near paddy and lower soft clay layers showed high percentage of fine content, and the rest parts had about 5% of fine content. The specific gravity regardless of depth and location was almost constant. The upper sedimented sandy soil mostly had particle size about 0.1 ~ 0.4mm regardless of sedimentation environment and has illite, a clay mineral, in the entire soil samples. The results of direct shear tests on remolded specimens of the upper sedimented sandy soil revealed that the friction angle and cohesion increased with relative density, but its effect was not significant. The fine content was significant, that as increasing it, the friction angle decreased and cohesion increased linearly. The permeability decreased with relative density and fine content, and the permeability of soil containing more than 15% of fine content was independent on the relative density.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.971-976
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• 2002

Effect of storage temperature and packing method on the changes in pH, acidity, the levels of lactic acid bacteria, volume expansion of packages and the colorness during the fermentation of kakdugi (diced radish kimchi) were investigated. The fermentation characteristics were greatly influenced by the temperature. The pH of kakdugi fermented at 15$^{\circ}C$ was 4.10 at 3 days, while the pH of kakdugi fermented at $0^{\circ}C$ was 4.03 at 18 days. The acidity of kakdugi fermented at $0^{\circ}C$ very slowly increased compared to that of the kakdugi fermented at 15$^{\circ}C$, 1$0^{\circ}C$ or 5$^{\circ}C$. The required days to reach the acidity of 0.6% (optimally ripened state) were 6 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 7 days at 1$0^{\circ}C$, 18 days at 5$^{\circ}C$ and 30 days at $0^{\circ}C$. Despite of different fermentation temperature, the numbers of Leuconostoc sp. in optimally ripened kakdugi were similar. However, Lactobacillus sp. in kakdugi fermented at $0^{\circ}C$ was the smallest in number. Also, the volume expansion of aluminum pack was the lowest in kakdugi fermented at $0^{\circ}C$. Both pH and acidity of the kakdugi fermented in different packing condition did not show any difference at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 days, however, the color of the kakdugi was affected by a packing method. Aluminium laminate package in which Ca(OH)$_2$ Pack stuck inside resulted in decolorization of kakdugi compared with aluminum package without Ca(OH)$_2$ pack or plastic jar. It showed the lowest redness and the highest lightness and yellowness. These results indicated that fermentation at $0^{\circ}C$ could increase storage period of kakdugi with minimum growth of Lactobacillus sp., and plastic jar might relieve the problem of volume expansion and decolorization of kakdugi.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.350-355
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• 2006

Growth curves of microbes were examined to evaluate decomposition of metal-working fluids and decomposition properties of metal-working fluids were experimented using controled microbes such as E. coli and K. pnemoniae. According to the results of growth curve of microbes, the growth period depended on species of microbes, 2 h of E. coli, 3 h of K. pneumoniae, 4 h of P. aeruginosa and 3 h of P. oleovarans after incubation. The colony count of E. coli and K. pneumoniae controled to OD of 0.5 ranged from $4.4{\sim}10.0{\times}10^5CFU/mL$ and $1.8{\sim}9.5{\times}10^7CFU/mL$, respectively. The decomposition of metal-working fluids was excellently progressed in the range of pH 6~8 than below pH 4 and above pH 10. In the case of controled fluids to pH 6~8, the decomposition of the fluid containing ester group was more accelerated than that of the fluid containing ethylene glycol.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.678-689
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• 2016

This study examined the effect of the internal marketing policies of financial institutions on the job satisfaction and customer orientation of employees. Many studies have examined internal marketing policies. On the other hand, these studies focused the employees in the service industries (e.g. travel agencies, airlines and hotel, etc.) With the drastic change in financial institutions in recent years, financial institutions are conscious of the importance of customer service and have increased their efforts to manage and train their employees (e.g. expansion of empowerment, education and training, management support, and compensation system). The authors conducted an empirical analysis based on the assumption that these internal policies are effective in increasing the job satisfaction of employees and further influence the customer orientation. The results showed that 'empowerment, management support and compensation system' of internal marketing policies have meaningful effects on job satisfaction, whereas the education and training does not. In addition, job satisfaction has a meaningful effect on the customer orientation and on a mediating effect between internal marketing policies and customer orientation. These results indicate that the internal marketing policies of financial institutions can help improve job satisfaction and customer orientation.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.481-490
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find out the problems on the fractional distillation experiments in the middle school science textbooks based on the 6th curriculum and to suggest an efficient experiment method for the middle school students. The first step was the classification of the experiments in 8 science textbooks according to heating apparatus and liquid mixtures. The second step was doing each experiment 3 times followed by the experimental process in the textbooks. The third step was developing the alternative experiments for solving the problems found in the second step. The heating method used in the alternative experiments were direct heating, oil bath, and heating mantle. The results of the second step showed that the direct heating experiment of branched round flask was more close to the theoretical prediction than the experiment of water bath heating of branched test tube. Also the direct heating experiment of thermally insulated branched round flask was better than the result of the experiment which was not insulated. The results of the third step showed that the experiment using heating mantle regulated heating power by observing the temperature of distillate gave the closest result to the theoretical prediction. From the above results, it is concluded that the experiment using branched test-tube with water bath heating is not adequate for the fractional distillation and an alternative experiment using insulated branched round flask with heating mantle regulated heating power during experiment is recommended.