• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.415-421
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• 1996

대전, 공주, 논산, 부여와 김해 등에서 병든 딸기, 토마토, 오이에서 총 992균주의 잿빛곰팡이병균을 분리하여 이들 균주로부터 dichlofluanid 저항성 5균주, 감수성 5균주를 임의로 선발하였다. 분리된 균의 dichlofluanid 저항성을 조사한 결과 105균주(10.6%)가 저항성이었다. 저항성균 균사의 최소 억제 농도(minimum inhibitory concentration)는 100~500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 이상이었으나 감수성균은 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 미만이었다. Dichlofluanid 저항성의 안정성 조사를 위하여 35$^{\circ}C$고온 처리 및 계대 배양할 때 조사된 저항성 5균주 중 3균주는 저항성이 감소하거나 상실되었다. 저온 저장 및 온실에 장기 보관할 때는 조사된 저항성 균주 모두가 저항성이 감소하거나 완전히 상실되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 이 약제에 대한 저항성이 불안정하다는 것을 나타낸다. 오이에 감수성균 및 저항성균을 혼합 접종한 후 재분리할 때 시간이 지날수록 감수성균이 더 많이 분리되어 저항성균의 경합 능력이 감수성 균주에 비하여 열등하였다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2001

Purpose : Lymphadenitis is the most common complication of BCG vaccination and has various clinical course and prognosis, but there are no accurate guidelines for management of BCG lymphadenitis. We performed this study to reveal the clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis and provide guidelines for its management. Methods : From January, 1997, to May, 2000, 73 patients in the 3~24 months were enrolled. We investigated retrospectively the size, site, and number of lymphadenitis, tuberculin skin test induration, used BCG strains, vaccination age, injection site, treatment and clinical course. The effects of various variables on clinical course were evaluated. Results : 1) There were no statistically significant difference between lymphadenitis size and tuberculin test induration diameter, spontaneous resolution rate, and suppuration rate. 2) Later vaccination(${\geq}1$ mo) and supraclavicular lymphadenitis increased suppuration rate. Using domestic BCG product increased surgical treatment rate. 3) According to treatment(observation vs antituberculous medication), medication did not affect the prevention of suppuration and ironically increased the rate of suppuration and surgical treatment. 4) Suppurative lymphadenitis required more surgical treatment than non-supurative one. Conclusions : Clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis is affected by vaccination age, used BCG strains, site of lymphadenitis, antituberculous medication and suppuration, but not affected by size and number of lymphadenitis. For management of BCG lymphadenitis, systemic antituberculous medicaion is not recommended and regular follow up with observation should be the mainstay. But for suppuration, active surgical en bloc resection should be the treatment of choice.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.155-165
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• 2016

Domestic and international production of Tricholoma matsutake has decreased owing to matsutake forests being left alone, host plant disease, forest fires, climate change, and so on. In order to identify strains that are suitable for the production of T. matsutake-inoculated seedlings, Pinus densiflora seedlings were inoculated with T. matsutake after in vitro rooting and mycorrhization was examined in the roots of T. matsutake-inoculated seedlings after 6 months. The mycorrhization rate was greater than 80% for 5 strains (NIFoS 421, 434, 1681, 1984, and 2001) out of 19 total strains. Seven strains (NIFoS 434, 441, 561, 562, 1016, 1807, and 1812) showed shoot/root ratios of less than 3.0 and had a seedling shoot biomass of 2.0 to 4.8 times higher than that of the root. Eight strains (NIFoS 441, 561, 562, 1016, 1807, 1812, 1984, and 2001) stimulated increases in shoot volume and three stains (NIFoS 441, 562, and 1812) promoted the growth of root biomass by mycorrhizal formation. In conclusion, 4 strains (NIFoS 434, 561, 1984, and 2001) out of 19 total strains tested showed higher mycorrhization rates and seedling growth than those of the other strains. We expect that the use of these four strains may contribute to T. matsutake-inoculated seedling production.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2002

This study was carried out to identify the causal pathogens and investigated the characteristics of Penicillium spp. isolated from postharvest decay of pear. One hundred and ninety eight Penicillium spp. were isolated from infected pear fruits. The lesions were formed when the isolated pathogen were inoculated into the wounds and unwounds of pear fruit. Total isolates were classified into 15 groups by the size, color, pigment of colony and shape of conidia. These isolates were identified to be P.expansum, P.solitum, and P.crustosum according to the types of morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics. The pathogenicity was higher in wound inoculation at low temperature than unwound one. This result confirmed that wound promoted the disease appearance. P.expansum was appeared to have the most strong virulence, whereas P.solitum and P.crustosum were classified as weak virulent species by pathogenicity test on pear fruits.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 1991

An acid tolerant R. meliloti "YA03" which was characterized through both acidified tube and pot soil experiment, was examined on its inoculation effect to alfalfa[Medicago sativa (L.)]cv. Vernal on hilly acid soil. It was conducted for 2 years to evaluate inoculation residual effect and there were two-fertilizer factors of nitrogen(0.8kg/10a) and lime(0,162kg/10a)as urea and $Ca(OH)_2$, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. In the 1st-year experiment, YA03 inoculated without nitrogen and lime application showed higher symbiotic effectiveness than check strains, YA026 and Rm2011 in nodule mass, $N_2$-fixing activity, and dry matter yield, but with N 8kg/10a application lower effectiveness than Rm2011. 2. In the 2nd-year experiment, Alfalfa dry matter yield by YA03 inoculation with N application(without lime) was 74% higher than that(276 kg/10a) in the 1st year, and the value showed 166%, 20%, and 21% increments as compared with noninoculated control(180kg/10a). YA026(399kg/10a), and Rm2011(397kg/10a), respectively. 3. In the 2nd-year experiment of N applicated plote(without lime), especially, YA03 showed higher shoot nitrogen(7.7kg N/10a/Yr.) fixed and soil rhizobial population($1{\times}10^4\;cells/g.\;soil$) than check strains. 4. On the basis of lime application, application effect of three major fertilizers with YA03 inoculation on alfalfa yield and soil rhizobial population was in the order of $N+P_2O_5+K_2O>P_2O_5+K_2O>P_2O_5+K_2O$. 5. On the whole, alfalfa yield by acid tolerant R. meliloti YA03 inoculation on hilly acid soil was enhanced with nitrogen application, and besides it appeared 44% higher with lime than without lime.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.203-207
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• 2023

The N₂O-reducing rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas sp. M23, was isolated from maize rhizosphere soil. The maximum N₂O reduction rate of the strain M23 was 15.6 mmol·g-dry cell weight^-1·h^-1. Its N₂O reduction activity was not inhibited by diesel contaminant, and it was enhanced by the addition of the root exudates of maize and tall fescue. The remediation efficiency of diesel-contaminated soil planted with maize or tall fescue was not inhibited by inoculating with the strain M23. Root weights in the soil inoculated with the strain M23 were greater than those in the non-inoculated soil. These results suggest that Pseudomonas sp. M23 is a promising bacterium to mitigate N₂O emissions during the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 2023

This study was conducted to develop a renewable and sustainable bio-material to replace polystyrene (EPS) in fungal-mycelium-based composite using agricultural by-products. Four mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum, Fomitella fraxinea, Phellinus linteus, and Schizophyllum commune) were cultured in an oak sawdust plus rice bran substrate to select the mushroom with the best growth. The mycelia of G. lucidum showed the best growth. To investigate the optimal mixing ratio with spent mushroom substrate (SM) and oak sawdust (OS), samples were prepared by mixing SM and OS at ratios of 50%:50%, 60%:40%, and 80%:20% (w/w). Each substrate was then inoculated with G. lucidum. G. lucidum showed the best mycelial growth of 140.0 mm in the substrate with SM and OS mixed at a 60%:40% ratio. It was also found that the substrate with SM and OS mixed at a 60%:40% ratio had the best handling properties. The compressive strength of mycelial materials inoculated with G. lucidum was in the range of 300-302 kgf mm^-1, and the materials were four times stronger than polystyrene materials. These results indicate that substrates comprising spent mushroom substrate mixed with oak sawdust can be successfully upcycled to mycelium-based composite materials using G. lucidum. This represents a sustainable approach.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.445-454
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• 2022

This study aimed to improve the physiological activity of onion juice via lactic acid bacterial fermentation. Seven types of lactic acid bacteria were used for the fermentation of onion juice. The pH and sugar content of the onion juice decreased, while its titratable acidity increased after lactic acid bacteria fermentation, and the cell count of lactic acid bacteria was 7.31-10.40 log CFU/mL. The total free sugar content decreased, while the total organic acid content increased in the fermented onion juice. Quercetin content of the fermented juice was 0.13-0.53 mg/kg. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased after fermentation. Additionally, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation scavenging activities were increased by fermentation. Overall, lactic acid bacteria fermentation of onion juice enhanced its physiological activity. Based on these findings, Bifidobacterium breve KCTC 3441 was selected as the onion juice fermentation strain.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 1987

Fifty eight isolates of R. solani collected from rice plants infected to sheath blight disease at seven different locations through the country were evaluated for their cultural characteristics on media. Degree of resistance of nine rice varieties were tested by the seven isolates representing each culture type from the grouped pathogene-city. Great variation of cultural characterisics on PSA media was observed among isolates, and 58 isolates tested were grouped into 7 culture types. Locational distribution of isolates belong to each culture type was different between types, and only isolate type 'Ia' was distributed in all locations collected. The degree of pathogene-city of each isolate to rice adult plant was different between 7 culture types grouped, and no isolates infected severely on all tester rice varieties. The degree of resistance to the disease showed great variation among 9 tester varieties, and varietal reaction to the disease was varied along with isolates inoculated. An isolate, la, shown strong pathogenecity and distributed through 7 locations was selected for the screening of varietal resistance to rice sheath blight disease.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2012

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron. is one of the most important diseases in Brassica crops worldwide. To establish more simple and reliable screening method for resistant cabbage and broccoli to P. brassicae, the development of clubroot on the plants according to inoculum concentration and incubation period after inoculating with the pathogen was investigated using P. brassicae GN1 isolate (race 9). To facilitate and acquire precise result of resistance screening of cabbage and broccoli to clubroot, 14-day-old seedlings were inoculated by drenching roots with the spore suspension of P. brassicae to give inoculum density of $2.5{\times}10^9$ spores/pot. To develop the disease, the inoculated seedlings were incubated in a growth chamber at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days, and then cultivated in a greenhouse ($20{\pm}5^{\circ}C$) for five weeks. Under the optimum conditions, 16 cabbage and 17 broccoli cultivars were tested for resistance to four field isolates (GN1, GN2, GS and YC) of P. brassicae collected from four regions in Korea. Among them, some cabbage and broccoli cultivars showed different resistance response to three isolates (GN1, GN2 and GS) determined as race 9 by using the differential varieties of Williams. On the other hand, all the tested cultivars were highly susceptible to YC isolate (race 2). The results suggest that this method is efficient screening method of cabbage and broccoli for resistance to P. brassicae.