• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.307-330
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• 2017

This paper attempts to elaborate on features of cross-border interaction conducted on Dan-dong, the main city of China-North Korea trade. Through the deep interview with some trader or firms and also questionnaire survey, this paper can reveal the supremacy of informal or non-market mechanism in the cross-border trade and inter-firm linkages, and also trader and firm's rent-seeking behaviour. These features show the uniqueness of border regime between China and North Korea. Even though it is getting more porous than before, I argue that China keeps the stance toward quite controlled borderland. As the proof of this argument, I show that main tenet of China's bordland policies is the borderland stability rather than the development. The striking one is the 'Prosperous Borders, Wealthy Minorities Program(??富民行???)'. In spite of the program's title, its utmost purpose is to secure the 'borderland stability and territorial integrity' rather than to enhance the border's openness and borderland's development.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-134
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• 2011

Drug-related crime has increased in spite of visible results of Uribe government's hard-line policies on drug eradication and illegally armed organizations which were pursued under U.S. support, without the accompaniment of quantity change in drug cultivation and trade. Military disputes of left-right illegally armed communities surrounding illegal crop cultivation rights were rather intensified, and the number of refugees was increased through enforced displaced people. The 2005 refugee registration committee RUPD reports that 3,316,862 people, 7.3% of total population, were refugees. In particular, the number of refugees presented a large increase rate of 624% when compared to the past year due to enforced displaced people. Main discharge areas of enforced displaced people are connected with drug crime and activities of illegally armed organizations, and are places of increased armed disputes in the process of occupied territory expansion of illegally armed communities and militia. Undiscriminated attacks were executed on farmers in the process of occupation of illegal crop cultivation sites by illegally armed organization and militia to emit enforced displaced people, who moved to border areas by crossing national borders. Enforced displaced people were restricted to certain areas before the appearance of Uribe administration. However, enforced displaced people not only presented quantitative expansion, but also showed tendency of nationwide expansion after national security policy was pursued. With the closing of the Amazon area, previously the main route of drug trade, activity base of illegally armed organizations was moved to the Pacific region, and Panama border area experienced refugee increase due to the new policy of enforced displaced people. This study aims to understand the actual condition and cause for the increase in refugees in Colombia based on border areas of Venezuela, which is the nation of highest dispersion of Columbian refugees, Panama, which has appeared as a new destination for refugees after the 90s, and Ecuador, which has experienced sudden refugee increase in 2000.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.44-48
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.73-75
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.761-777
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• 2016

This study is to suggest landform and environmental problems of border region of N. Korea and China by analyzing results of field work for the Dumangang and the Amnokgang from year 2000 up to year 2016. By the social system in North korea, access of study material is possible with satellite image and published statistical data, but impossible direct data collection. We gathered field work data on landform and environment in border Region of N. Korea and China. Before field survey, we analysed geometrical landform and geology using DEM and digital geology map. We analyzed landform and environmental problems occurring in upper, midstream, and downstream region of the Dumangang and the Amnokgang using field work data. Resultingly, this study will be expected to support as basic data for resonable management on natural resources and empirical research activities on North Korea.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.351-379
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• 2015

In the Andes regions of Latin America continents, groups of diverse native tribes are intensively distributed.Among these tribes, the Aymara compose the most representative group of natives along with the Quechua. Especially, the Aymara who are concentrated on the border areas of Peru and Bolivia centered on Lake Titicaca have pursued common identity forming the same cultural area although they belong to different nations. In the meantime, the Aymara have maintained a sense of fellowship while emphasizing historicity and specialty, which are differentiated with groups of other natives based on a language constituting identity of the tribe. However, recently, focused on Puno State as the center of the border areas of both countries, the tribe's conflicts come to the surface. After being divided by the artificial boundary line, which was formed in the course of building modern countries after the independence, natives of Latin America started to emphasize differences simultaneously with cultural similarity in the frame of cooperation and competition. Together with the historical contexts, lately, focused on the border areas of Peru and Bolivia, as the same tribe came to be bound by the frameworks of different nations respectively, a new tribal conflict is being developed. Though the Aymara unite emphasizing cultural and historical specialty and recognizing them as one tribe, when they conflict with each other over inner interest, a tendency to form the identity of differentiation and distinction appeared even in the inside of the tribe. Usually, disorder between tribes seems to be originated from intertribal strife, which coexists in one region. In case of the Aymara of Peru and Bolivia, centered on Puno State where both countries maintain the border, an aspect that the fellowship of the tribe, which was established through old history changes into conflict structures by realistic conditions comes out. In understanding this point, this study analyzed the historical origin of the conflict of the Aymara and the deepened cause of the tribal disorder.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.531-535
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 한반도 관측 공백지역인 북한지역에 대하여 레이더와 위성 원격탐사자료를 활용하여 강수량과 토양수분 등 수문기상정보를 생산 및 검증하고 효율적인 수문 모니터링 및 수문 기상 재해 감시와 평가 방안을 수립하고자 한다. 또한, 북한지역의 수문 기상 정보 수집 및 통합 DB를 마련하고 북한 수문기상 포털시스템을 구축함으로써 부처 간 자료를 공유할 수 있는 매개체를 마련하여 일관된 정책 수립과 효율적인 물관리를 도모하고자 한다. WPMM(Window Probability Matching Method)방법을 기반으로 구성된 RAD-RAR(Rain rate system) 산정 알고리즘(Rosenfeld et al., 1993)을 활용하여 산출된 합성 강우장 데이터의 정확성을 비교 분석하기 위해 접경지역 AWS 강수량과 세계기상통신망(GTS)기반 강수량을 산출하여 각각 레이더 강수량과 검증분석을 실시하였다. 연구기간은 2012년과 2013년 여름철 기간 중 5개의 기간을 선별하였다. 연구 기간 동안의 RAR 합성 강우장 데이터를 이용하여, 기간 중 1시간 동안 누적된 강수량을 산출하고 접경지역 AWS 강수량과 비교하였고 12시간 누적 강수량을 산출하여 GTS 강수량과 비교 분석을 실시하였다. 전반적으로 레이더 강수량에 비해 AWS 강수량이 더 높게 나타났으며 마찬가지로 레이더 강수량과 GTS 강수량의 비를 통해 레이더 자료가 상대적으로 과소추정되고 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 미항공우주국(NASA)과 일본항공우주국(JAXA)을 중심으로 진행된 GPM(Global Precipitation Measurement)미션은 한 개의 핵심위성과 마이크로파 복사계를 탑재한 10여개의 보조위성으로 구성되어 있으며, 매 3시간 간격의 전구 강수량 자료 생산에 목적이 있다. 이는 홈페이지를 통해 Level 1, 2, 3의 GPM 데이터를 배포하고 있다. 특히 Level 2 데이터는 언급된 3시간 간격의 전구 강수량 데이터를 제공한다. 이 경우 복사량을 강수량으로 변환하는 번거로움을 덜 수 있으며 NASA가 제공하는 Panoply라는 프로그램을 이용하여 한반도 강수 자료 가시화가 가능하다.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2015

North Korean leader Kim, Jung-Il visited Beijing, China, May 2010, when he made a common recognition with Chinese President Hu Jintao on construction of the Rasun SEZ and the Hwanggumpyong-Wyhwado SEZ for development of Economic cooperation between N.Korea and China and accelerating establishment of SEZs in N.Korea. However, after N.Korea's third nuclear test on Feb. 2013, the relationship between N.Korea and China became a little worse. Recently, three nations' border region near Rasun in N.Korea is reconsidered that it is very important place for collaboration between and among 2, 3 or 4 countries, S.Korea, N.Korea, China and Russia. This thesis examined these changes of cooperation and plans among the countries near the border region and proposed some measures for participation of S.Korea on the projects in the Rasun region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.38-38
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• 2021

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.33-36
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• 2002

국경선은 '분리의 선'인 동시에 '접촉의 선'이며 '장벽'인 동시에 '가장자리'이고 '차단'이면서 '접합'이 동시에 존재하는 공간이다. 초국경적 공간은 이런 관점에서 역설적인 측면을 가진다. 과거부터 쌓여온 경험 풍부한 협력 관계가 비록 이 지역은 정치적 의사결정권이나 경제활동의 중심으로부터 멀리 떨어져 있어 주변부에 해당하지만 이런 '협력적 관성'으로 인해 '혁신의 장소'로 성장하려는 적극적인 의지를 보이는 공간이 되기도 한다.(중략)