• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.111-121
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• 2010

As the customer's interest for sidewalk block in the street or apartment complex is increasing, the materials of block which had been a concrete block exclusively are varied to clay paver, native rock and wood etc. Especially, the sales volume of clay paver which is environment-friendly and ergonomic is dramatically increasing every year with two digits growth rate, however, many problems like "Edge Cracking" "Freezing Breakage" "Bending Breakage" "Joint Gap" are happening frequently within a couple of hours after installation due to the durabilities. Because of the characteristics of Ceramic products, clay pavers are very easy to be broken when they are bumped against each other. In addition, they are relatively fragile by a freezing expansion breakage when exposed to water due to hydrophilic property as well as the intensity and absorptance of the products are varied with small difference from the production process such as production equipment and process control. Therefore, it costs a lot of money to repair the breakdown unless production and installation is carried out according to the strict criteria of the quality control. In this study, the symptoms of breakdown frequently happened in clay paver are classified by each type and finally the solution for this problem in the production of brick, installation and criteria of quality control through compressive strength and absorptance test is suggested.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.36-44
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• 2002

The waste garnet powder as a raw material for clay bricks was studied its recycling. The physical strength of clay bricks are closely dependent both on the contents of $SiO_2$, $Al_2$$O_3$, and $Fe_2$$O_3$in clay and on the viscosity of it. Although the garnet power has very high contents of $SiO_2$, $Al_2$$O_3$, and $Fe_2$$O_3$, it could not substituted to clay because of its low viscosity. Therefore the substitution of sand with waste garnet powder was considered to influence positively on the strength of clay bricks .Mixing ratios of {clay-sand}, {sand-garnet powder}, and {clay-sand-garnet powder} based on weight were controlled in the production of clay bricks. The properties of clay bricks such as compression strength, moisture absorption, shrinkage, and specific gravity has been evaluated. It was shown that the optimal mixing combination was found to be { clay(50%)-sand(30%)-garnet powder(20%)} as a weight basis. The present study indicated possibilities to produce commercially clay bricks with the waste garnet powder. An economical benefit will be produced in viable in view of recycling waste garnet powder.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.808-811
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• 2007

본 연구는 3톤/일급 이하 가스화 용융로에서 $1,400{\sim}1,500^{\cdot}C$, $7.5{\sim}8.0$ kg/$cm^2$의 안정적인 운전조건일 때, 시료로 Kideco 탄을 사용하고 이때 발생한 슬랙의 특성 및 슬랙의 재활용을 위한 벽돌제조 특성을 고찰하였다. 발생된 슬랙은 $Fe_2SiO_4$와 $SiO_2$가 결정상태로 일부 존재하거나, 중금속들이 결합되어 엉킨 구조인 비결정상태의 치밀한 형태로 이루어져 있었으며, 잔존탄소 함량이 0.06%로 미량 존재하였다. 또한 슬랙에는 중금속 농도가 Kideco탄보다 고농도로 존재하지만, 용출되는 중금속의 농도는 매우 낮아 환경적으로 안정한 물질로서 재활용이 가능한 특성을 지니고 있다. 슬랙 첨가 점토벽돌의 적합성을 평가하기위해 슬랙을 0%, 10%, 30% 첨가하여 벽돌을 제조하고 KS 산업규격에 따라 시험을 실시하였다. 분석결과 슬랙을 첨가할수록 제조한 벽돌의 흡수율이 낮아져 기존 제품에 비하여 우수한 것으로 측정되었다. 또한 압축강도와 휨강도는 기존 제품의 $80{\sim}86%$ 정도인 것으로 측정되었지만 KS 산업규격의 기준치보다 높은 수치를 나타내였고, 내산성, 내알칼리성, 열충격강도 또한 양호한 것으로 나타나, 슬랙을 이용하여 벽돌로 재활용하여 충분히 사용 가능한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.401-409
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• 2019

This paper aims to recycle red mud from a byproduct in the alumina industry as an alternative raw material for depleted natural resources. In order to apply red mud as a ceramic material, red mud ceramics were prepared according to mixing and temperature in a laboratory environment. Compared with KS L 4201 in terms of compression ratios and absorptions, it is found that two kinds of conditions for one type and three conditions for two types meet the standard. When red mud is used as a clay brick raw material, the substitution ratio of red mud is 10% or less, and the firing temperature is considered to be appropriate at $1200^{\circ}C$. In order to apply red mud to clay brick raw material in actual field, various samples and firing temperature should be considered in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.23-24
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is suggesting a basic data for which scientific preservation and rehabilitation of future modern architecture through the analyzing property of clay brick used in modern architecture in a scientific way.The clay brick which is used in the early 1900s has even lower property than present clay brick because of poor plasticity technique at that time. It could be possible to property and effective stability examination of modern architecture from nondestructive testing is significantly associated with property.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.103-105
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to suggest basic data which is firing technique at manufacturing time for preservation and rehabilitation of masonry modern architecture by assumed firing-temperature. It could be possible to estimate firing-temperature at manufacturing time through the result of the experiments, XRD and changed absorbing ratio from re-firing.

• Ceramist
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.29-32
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• 2004

• 공원문화
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• s.82
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• pp.67-69
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• 2007

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.4 s.66
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• pp.3-9
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• 2005

In this study, the utilization possibility of coal-preparation refuse emitted from Hwasun coal mine in Korea as a raw material for ceramic body was investigated. The firing shrinkage ratio of ceramic specimen made from the coal-preparation refuse was reduced with increasing the addition amounts of that, while the compressive strength was slightly decreased. The weight of ceramic body was also reduced because carbon contained in the coal-preparation refuse was burn by fring. The water adsorption ratio of the ceramic specimen was under 10 wt%, and the compressive strength of that was over 21 MPa at over $1,150^{\circ}C$ for 2 hr. Therefore, it was possible to make the 1st garde clay brick of KS L 4201 from the coal-preparation refuse.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.199-206
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• 2019

This study aims to recycle redmud which is a byproduct in the alumina industry. Redmud ceramics were prepared according to the type of raw materials by blending redmud with the raw materials used in the conventional clay bricks. In this paper, the compressive strength, water absorption ratio, and shrinkage of redmud ceramics prepared by mixing clay bricks were evaluated. Compressive strength and absorption ratio of redmud ceramics were compared with the clay brick criteria of KS L 4201. At the firing temperature of $1200^{\circ}C$, the specimens containing redmud only and the redmud with sandy loam and black clay were found to satisfy the 1st class of clay brick. The quality standard of compressive strength and absorption ratio was obtained by firing redmud with black clay and sandy loam at $1200^{\circ}C$. Also, when the redmud was mixed with black clay and feldspar, the 2nd class was satisfied when the sample was fired at $1100^{\circ}C$.