• Title/Summary/Keyword: 점착성

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Stability of Organic Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated by Inserting a Polymeric Film (고분자막을 점착층으로 사용한 유기 박막 트랜지스터의 안정성)

  • Hyung, Gun-Woo;Pyo, Sang-Woo;Kim, Jun-Ho;Kim, Young-Kwan
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2006.06a
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    • pp.61-62
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    • 2006
  • In this paper, it was demonstrated that organic thin- film transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated with the organic adhesion layer between an organic semiconductor and a gate insulator by vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) processing. In order to form polymeric film as an adhesion layer, VDP process was also introduced instead of spin-coating process, where polymeric film was co-deposited by high-vacuum thermal evaporation from 6FDA and ODA followed by curing. The saturated slop in the saturation region and the subthreshold nonlinearity in the triode region were c1early observed in the electrical output characteristics in our organic thin film transistors using the staggered-inverted top-contact structure. Field effect mobility, threshold voltage, and on-off current ratio in 15-nm-thick organic adhesion layer were about $0.5\;cm^2/Vs$, -1 V, and $10^6$, respectively. We also demonstrated that threshold voltage depends strongly on the delay time when a gate voltage has been applied to bias stress.

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Analysis of the debris flow occurrence according to soil moisture conetnt in eaach soil layer based on predicted rainfall (예측 강우 기반의 토층별 토양수분 함량에 따른 토석류 발생 예측 분석)

  • Kim, Namgyun;Lee, Se On;Kim, Man-il
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2022.05a
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    • pp.278-278
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    • 2022
  • 2020년 집중호우로 인하여 우리나라 전국에 걸쳐 약 2,000여 곳의 산사태, 토석류가 발생하였고 약 1,217ha의 피해 면적이 발생하였다. 피해지역의 특히 생활권 중심의 사면과 계류의 관리 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 산림청 산사태정보시스템에서는 토양함수지수가 80% 도달 시 주의보, 100% 도달 시 경보를 발령하는 대국민 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토층의 깊이에 따른 함수비 분포에 따라 토석류의 발생 가능성에 대한 분석을 수행하고자 하였으며, 토양함수는 기상 수치모델에 의한 예측 강우 자료를 활용하였다. 예측 강우 모델은 토석류가 주로 발생하는 여름철 집중호우 시기인 남서풍을 고려하여 도메인을 구성하였고 산림의 증발산 및 토양수분 모의 정확도 향상을 위해 임상도와 토지피복도를 사용하여 보정하였다. 토층내 토양수분의 함량은 토질에 따라 그 특성이 다르기 때문에 토질과 관련한 주제를 이용하여 토양정보를 활용하였다. 내부마찰각, 점착력, 단위중량, 밀도, 지질도, 지형경사, 표고, 유효토심에 대한 정보를 구축하여, 예측강우에 따라 토층의 수분 함량을 추정하여 붕괴 발생 가능성을 분석하였다. 2006년 평창지역에서 발생한 토석류에 대하여 수행하였으며 토층의 심도는 0.5~1m 범위의 분포에 대하여 체적함수에 따른 실제 토석류 발생에 대한 검증을 수행하였다.

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The Bearing Capacity Characteristics of Top Base Foundations in Cohesionless Soils (비점착성 지반상 팽이기초 적용에 따른 지지특성)

  • Kim, Chan-Kuk;Kim, Hak-Moon
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.26 no.7
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    • pp.135-145
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    • 2010
  • Top Base Foundation (TBF) is widely used for the increment of bearing capacity and restraining settlement of foundations when the bearing capacity of ground is not enough. The design of bearing capacity obtained from exiting Japanese standard underestimates considerably what is compared with the observation values from the field measurement. Therefore, intensive model tests and site observation programs are carried out to establish more reasonable prediction technique and understanding of TBF in soft ground. In this study, 1/5 scale model tests are performed in order to investigate the behavior of TBF with various shapes in a laboratory. Also, about 100 sites measurement data are evaluated to investigate the field behavior of TBF in various ground conditions. Based on the results of the model tests and field measurement data, it was possible to introduce more reasonable bearing capacity equations of TBF considering N-value of soils, the effect of underground water and failure mechanisms.

Shear Behaviour of Cemened River Sand (고결된 하상모래의 전단거동)

  • Jeong, Woo-Seob;Kim, Yung-Su
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.35-45
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    • 2007
  • In this research, artificially cemented sand which is made of a few portland cement and Nak-Dong river sand was researched closely. For providing the fundamental data which is needed in design and analysis of levee material, the shear behavior of cemented sands was investigated by drained triaxial test, and analyzed in accordance with the increase of cement content. The peak strength and elasitc modulus increased and dilation of cemented sand was restricted by the cementation, but after breakage of the cementation, dilation increased, cohesion intercetpt and friction angle increased with the increase of cement content and strain softening behavior appeared in stress-strain curve.

Effect of turbulent damping on concentration profile of suspended sediment (난류감소효과가 부유사의 농도분포에 미치는 영향)

  • Son, Minwoo;Byun, Jisun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2021.06a
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    • pp.260-260
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구의 목적은 다양한 크기의 사립자들로 구성된 비균질 하상으로부터 부유된 유사의 연직방향 농도분포에 난류 감소효과가 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 여기서 난류감소효과란 유사의 존재로 인해서 난류의 구조가 변화하는 것을 의미한다. 연구를 수행하기 위하여 난류감소 효과를 고려할 수 있는 비점착성 사립자의 유사이동 모형을 개발하였다. 유사이동 모형에서는 사립자 크기범위를 여러개의 계급구간으로 분할하여 하상재료의 입도분포를 고려할 수 있으며, 하상재료의 구성에 따른 부유사의 농도분포를 계산한다. 개발된 모형의 검증은 실험실 실험자료와의 비교를 통해 수행하였다. 유사이동 모형에서 난류감소 효과를 고려하지 않을 경우 농도와 유속의 연직분포가 과대산정 되는 것이 여러 연구에서 확인된 바 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한방향으로의 정류상태 흐름 조건과 다양한 크기가 혼재되어 존재하는 유사 조건을 가정하여 난류구조의 변화와 부유사 농도의 연직분포 변화를 살펴보았다. 연구결과로부터 난류감소 효과를 고려하지 않는 경우에는 부유사의 농도가 과다하게 산정되는 것으로 나타났으며, 불균질한 하상재료로 구성된 하천에서 부유사의 연직방향 유사농도를 정확하게 계산하기 위해서는 난류감소 효과에 대한 고려가 필요하다는 결론이 도출되었다.

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Quality Characteristics of Hard Roll Bread with Concentrated Sweet Pumpkin Powder (농축단호박 분말을 대체한 하드롤 빵의 품질 특성)

  • Lee, Chan-Ho;Chun, Soon-Sil;Kim, Mun-Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.7
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    • pp.914-920
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    • 2008
  • In this study, hard roll breads were prepared with 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15% of concentrated sweet pumpkin powder (CSPP). The samples and a control were then compared in terms of quality characteristics, including pH, total titratable acidity, fermentation power of dough expansion, specific volume, baking loss, moisture content, color, textural characteristics, external and internal surface appearances, and sensory qualities of bread in order to determine the optimal ratio of CSPP in the formulation. As CSPP content increased, pH of dough, specific volume, baking loss, and lightness of bread decreased, while total titratable acidity of dough, pH, total titratable acidity, moisture content, and redness of bread increased. Fermentation power of dough expansion increased as incubation time increased. The CSPP samples had significantly higher yellowness, hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience than the control group. Adhesiveness was the highest at the 12% substitution level, while the lowest at the 6% level. Springiness increased with increasing CSPP content. In the sensory evaluation, as CSPP content increased, scores for color and consistency of crumb decreased, while scores for aroma of sweet pumpkin, sweetness, and delicious taste increased. Density of crumb pore were maximal with the 12% CSPP substitution. The CSPP samples had significantly higher uniformity of crumb pore and springiness of crumb than the control group. However, mouth-feel and overall acceptability showed the reverse effect, obtaining fairly good scores. In conclusion, the results indicate that substituting $6{\sim}9%$ CSPP to hard roll bread is optimal, providing good physiological properties as well as reasonably high overall acceptability.

Preparation and Characterization of Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Hwajeon Added with Wild Grape Extract (머루즙 첨가가 화전의 이화학적.관능적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Byung-Yong;Kim, Nam-Ho;Kim, Sol-I;Kim, Seul-Gi;Kim, Jin-Sun;Surh, Jeong-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.5
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    • pp.588-596
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    • 2011
  • Wild grape extract (WGE) was added into hwajeon at different concentrations (0, 5, 15, 30, 50% of water). The resulting hwajeon were analyzed for their physicochemical and sensory properties. With increasing concentrations of WGE, the pH of dough and hwajeon decreased, and their degrees brix and color intensity increased, presumably due to the presence of tartaric acid, sugar, and anthocyanin in the WGE. The WGE-enriched hwajeon showed higher hardness, gumminess, and chewiness than control hwajeon, which might have been because the sugar and tartaric acid in the WGE partially inhibited starch gelatinization during heat processing. Nevertheless, all the sensory properties and preference were higher in WGE-enriched hwajeon than controls, which could be partially attributed to the fact of that the WGE-enriched hwajeon retained relatively higher moisture. It is suggested that WGE-enriched hwajeon with high preference could be prepared without loss of hwajeon quality.

An Experimental Study on the Treatment of Organic Wastewater by Soil Microbes Using Three-phase Fluidized Bed (삼상유동층 반응기에서 토양미생물에 의한 유기성 폐수처리에 관한 연구)

  • Choung, Youn Kyoo;Chun, Yang Kun
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.207-217
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    • 1992
  • In this study, isolated and cultured nitrogen fixed microbes were seeded in the three-phase fluidized bed in which gas, solid and liquid were contacted directly. Input velocity was varied from 8.12 cm/hr to 16.32 cm/hr. And upflow gas pressure was fixed to 80 psi. Return ratios were from 0.2 to 0.6 with the each experimental condition. According to these condition, movement of media, growth of biofilm and removal efficiency were measured. As the results, in case of briquette ash, biofilm was developed to $170{\mu}m$ when velocity was 8.12 cm/hr and return ratio was 0.6. In this condition, COD removal efficiency was 97% and $NH_4$-N removal efficiency was 83%. At the same condition, biofilm thickness of glass bead was $17.59{\mu}m$ and its COD and $NH_4$-N removal efficiency was 83% and 72%. Nitrogen fixed microbes have following characters: it formed dark-brownish sludge, excellent adhesive force, easy solid-liquid separation and low oxygen uptake ratio, but sensitive to DO concentration. Not only it endured shock loading, but required short time to steady state.

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Numerical modeling of brittle failure of the overstressed rock mass around deep tunnel (심부 터널 주변 과응력 암반의 취성파괴 수치모델링)

  • Lee, Kun-Chai;Moon, Hyun-Koo
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.469-485
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    • 2016
  • The failure of rock mass around deep tunnel, different from shallow tunnel largely affected by discontinuities, is dominated by magnitudes and directions of stresses, and the failures dominated by stresses can be divided into ductile and brittle features according to the conditions of stresses and the characteristics of rock mass. It is important to know the range and the depth of the V-shaped notch type failure resulted from the brittle failure, such as spalling, slabbing and rock burst, because they are the main factors for the design of excavation and support of deep tunnels. The main features of brittle failure are that it consists of cohesion loss and friction mobilization according to the stress condition, and is progressive. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model has been developed in order to simulate the brittle behavior of rock mass around deep tunnel by introducing the bi-linear failure envelope cut off, elastic-elastoplastic coupling and gradual spread of elastoplastic regions. By performing a series of numerical analyses, it is shown that the depths of failure estimated by this model coincide with an empirical relation from a case study.

Modeling Study for Effects of Hydrothermal Clay Vein on Slope Stability (열수변질 점토맥이 사면 안정성에 미치는 영향에 관한 모델링 연구)

  • Jo, Hwan-Ju;Jo, Ho-Young;Jeong, Kyung-Mun
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.185-196
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    • 2010
  • Clay veins that occurred in a slope by hydrothermal alteration, can significantly affect its slope stability. The effect of clay veins on the slope stability was investigated by numerical modeling study. Various parameters such as cohesion, internal friction angle, orientation, groundwater level, rainfall intensity and duration, have been modelled. As shear strength increased, factor of safety increased. As groundwater level developed, factor of safety decreased. For the case of slip surface developed on interface, factor of safety was lower than that for case of slip surface developed on either weathered soil or clay vein. The effect of various soil types of the slope stability was also investigated by simulating seepage through the slopes with various soils. The groundwater level significantly increased on the slopes with silty and generic soils. For the slope with sandy soil, almost no change in groundwater level was observed due to rapid drainage.