• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.177-192
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• 2005

Traditional paper records have two aspects such that the paper records are information, and are information media itself. The preservation media for the paper records seems to be another forms for original ones including microfilm and optical disks. On the other hand, new-coming electronic records lack the aspect of information media. To guarantee the existency of the original electronic records we need the preservation media for the electronic records, different from the media for the traditional paper records. The preservation media helps the Authenticity, integrity, and usability as well. This paper describes the need for the preservation media, identifies problems on the existing concept for them, derives the principles to resolve the problems, and suggests the management policy based on the principles.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.443-458
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• 2018

An archive is a collection of documents or records. Currently, most archived documents are made of paper. Paper is susceptible to biological damage and deterioration due to its material properties. To control the biological damage, treatment with chemical disinfectants and control of the storage environment are often used. In government-controlled bulk public archives, all documents are chemically sterilized before storage. However, an extremely large quantity of public records have been produced, and storage space and conservation management are gradually reaching their limits. In this study, 60 species of microbes were identified using a genetic method. We successfully applied the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method to detect microbial contamination on paper documents. A calibration curve of the ATP bioluminescence as a function of the microbe quantity was obtained, and the microbial activity on non-sterilized paper archives from 1951 was analyzed using an ATP luminometer. It was found that the microbial activity was suppressed or reduced in climate-controlled storage environments at $22^{\circ}C$ and 55% relative humidity. We anticipate that these results will be used to establish selective sterilization systems for government-controlled bulk public archives.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-59
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• 2005

Traditional paper records have to be preserved in the original form to ensure the authenticity. On the other hand. electronic records have to be continuously changed in content itself or metadata to be preserved in long-term period, so the proof of the legality of each change made so far and the proof of the protection against all the illegal changes are the essential. to ensure these requirements. We need some functions including the authentication of original captured records. the protection of records against the loss or forgery, the authentication of preserved records, and the treatment of authentication-failed records. This paper explains the fragility of authenticity for electronic records, identifies the functions needed, suggests the implementation idea, and describes the overall management polity for electronic records to ensure the authenticity.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.29-57
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• 2014

As one of various cultural heritages created by humanity, traditional architectures are an archival heritage and cultural heritage reflecting social trends and historical facts. These traditional architectures show various features depending on characteristics by local areas and climatic conditions. They can be expressed in diverse formats such as a picture, a floor plan, and a book. For managing and retrieving traditional architecture records, it is necessary to develop metadata schema based on the FRBR model. Accordingly, this study analyzes the current situation and the problem of domestic and foreign metadata schema related to cultural heritage, and proposes the FRBR-based metadata schema for managing the traditional architecture.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.21
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• pp.3-40
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• 2009

It has passed ten years since modern records and archives management in our country launched. During times, it has dramatically developed in the fields of law, institution and education. However a study on the definition of records and archives was non be studied enough compared to development of various research fields. In fact the reason why study on the definition was non fulfilled is that some aspects such as historical, informational, archival perspective have been coexisting without order in Korea. This situation is the biggest barrier that archival science is to a disciplinary field. Historically, 'archivium' in Latin language had developed in starting of its means place, then whole entity of documents and those organic relations. In this point, archives is rigidly separate to material of Historical science which covers all of recorded. Unlike information which is produced in the process of intended themes and following its outputs like books, documents in archival science is made in the natural process of work. In addition, historical archives which finished the current and semi-current stage and transfer to the institute of permanent conservation after the process of selection so that it is historical and cultural value to satisfy its purpose of making. This changed trend is based on the Second World War and necessity of North American society which needs to effciency and transparency of work. In Korea, records and archives management has been dominantly affected by North American society and become a subject of not arrangement but of classification, not of transferring but of collection. It is also recognized as management of on formation on the all recorded or documents not as an whole documents and all organic relations. But the original type of recognition is the only technology, it cannot have dignity as a field of science.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.26
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• pp.33-62
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• 2010

Buddhism was introduced in the Korea Peninsula 1600 years ago, and now there are over 10 million believers in Korea. The systematic Management of Temple Records has a spiritual and cultural value in a rapidly changing modern society. This study proposes a better management system of Buddhist temple records for the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. this system Not only supports transparency of religious affairs, but presents a way for a more effective management. in this study, I conducted a study on the national legislation for the preservation of buddhist temples and the local rules of religious affairs from the Jogye Order. Through this, I analyzed the problems of Buddhist records management. in the long term, to improve these problems, I purpose the establishment of temple archives be maintained by parish head offices. This study presents a retention schedule for this systematic establishment system. I present charts for the standard Buddhist records management that manage the total process systematically from the production of records to its discard. Also I present a general plan to prevent random defamation of Buddhist temple documents and impose a duty for preservation. I intend for this plan to be subject to discussion and tailored to the particular needs of temple reads. In creating these charts standard of Buddhist temple records management, I analyzed operating examples of foreign religious institutions and examined their retention periods. I also examined the retention periods and classification system from the Jogye Order. Then I presented ways for this management system to operate through computer programs. There is a need to establish a large scale management system to arrange the records of buddhist documents. We must enforce the duty of conserving records through the proposed management system. We need the system to manage even the local parish temple records through the proposed management system and the operation of the proposed archive system. This study presents research to from the basic of the preservation and the passing of traditional records to future generations. I also discovered the historical cultural and social value that these records contain. Systematically confirmed Buddhist temple records management will pave the way that these tangible and intangible cultural records handed down from history can be the cultural heritages. establishing a temple records management system will pave the way for these cultural records to be handed down to future generations as cultural heritages.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.201-230
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• 2001

Conserving the recored cultural inheritance is actually the duty of all of us. Above all, the management and conservation of archives and documents is up to archivists who have technical knowledge about archival science. Archivists have to not only conserve archives and documents but also carry out classifying and appraising them in order to define them as current historic ones. The fundamental education about archival science is made up of history and law. Because Archive is the organisation which manage archives and documents produced by legal and administrative actions. Although there are still arguments about technical knowledge and degree archivists have to acquire, most of them prefer the studies related with history and emphasize legal studies to be the general boundary of archivits' ideology and trust. The training course about conservation of archives is conducted in about 9 National Archives of Torino, Milano, Venezia, Genova, Bologna, Parma, Roma, Napoli, Palermo. The training course in 19th was mostly based on the lectures of Phaleography, Diplomatics. There were not the education about archival science yet. Toward the end of 19th and 20th, people stressed the most basic subject in the training course of National Archive was not Phaleography and Diplomatics but archival science. The goal of archival science is to study the institution and organisation transferring archives and documents to Archive. And also it help archivists not wander about with ignorance of organisational and original procedures and divisions but know exactly theirs works. Like this, the studies on institution and organisation have got in the saddle as a branch of archival science since a few ten years. While archival science didn't evoke sympathy among people and experienced the tedious and difficult path in italy and other countries, Archive was managed by experts of other branches. As a result, there were a lot of faults in Archival Science. Specializing training course for Italian archivists came into being under the backdrop of Social Science Institute of Roma National University in 1925. The archival course of universities accomplished by the studies of history, law and economy. And such as Eugenio Casanova and Giorgio Cencetti were devoted archival science was abled to settle down in national archive. The training course for experts of 'archival science, 'Phaleography and Diplomatics' in National Archive of Bologna(Archivio di Stato di Bologna) is one of courses conducted in 17 National Archives in italy. This course is gratuitous and made up of 8 subjects(Archivistica, Paleografia, Diplomatica, Storia dell' Archivio, Notariato e documenti privati, istituzione medievale, istituzione moderna, istituzione contemporanea) students have to complete for two years. Students can receive the degree through passing twice written exam and once oral test. After department of Culture and education finally puts the marks of students, the chief Nationa Archive of Bologna confer the degree of 'archival science Phaleography and Diplomatics' on students passing the exams. This degree authenticates trainees' qualification which enables him to work at the archive in province, district and administrative capital city and archive of comunity and so on. Italian training course naturally leads archivists to keep in contact with valuable cultural inheritance through training in Archive. And it shows the intention to strengthen the affinity with each documents in the spot of archival management before training archivists. Also this is appraised as one of positive policies to conserve the local cultual inheritante in connection with the original qualitity of national archive with testify the history of each region. Traning course for archivist in Italy shows us the way how we have to prepare and proceed it. First, from producing documents to conserving than forever there has introduced 'original order that is to say a general rule to respect the first order given at the time producing documents'. Management of administrative documents is related consistently with one of historical documents. Second, the traning course for archivist is managing around 17 national archives. because italian national archive lay stress not or rducation of theory bus on train for archivest working in the first time of archival science. Third, diplomatics and phaleography for studies about historical document support archives. Forth, the studies on history id proceeding by cooperation between archivist and historian around archive. How our duties is non continuinf disputer who has to conserve and manage document and archives, but traing experts who having ability, vision and flexible thought, responsibility about archivals.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.17
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• pp.39-84
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• 2008

In this article, how the records were compiled, stored and managed during the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty is examined. In details, the compilation of and and Euigwe, the establishment of 'history chambers(史庫)' and the Wae-Gyujanggak facility, and the creation of records such as 'Shillok Hyeongji-an', are all investigated. Examination of all these details revealed that in the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty, it was the royal family which actively led the task of meticulously compiling records and also storing & managing those established materials with great integrity and passion. The intention behind creating all these records containing everything the kings said and done over centuries must have been determination to enhance the openness and integrity of politics in general, while also emphasizing the importance of such values inside the government. In order to establish a tradition preserving records not only for a limited time period but also for eternity, 'history chambers' were founded in rocky mountain areas, and additional chambers(Wae-Sago) were created as well, in areas deemed strategically safe in military terms such as the Ganghwa-do island. Officials put in charge by the king himself of historical documenting reported to the history chambers on a regular basis and checked the status of the materials in custody, and the whole checking process was documented into a form called 'Shillok Hyeongji-an'. And for long-term preservation of materials, officials sent by the king regularly took all the materials outside, and conducted a series of 'desiccating procedures', under strong sunlight('Poswae'). Thanks to the efforts of our ancestors who did their best to preserve all the records, and tried everything to manage them with great caution, we can examine and experience all these centuries-old materials, mostly intact. It is imperative that we inherit not only the magnificent culture of creating and preserving records, but also the spirit which compelled our ancestors to do so.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-94
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• 2011

In this article, the author introduces the paradigm shift in archival studies that occurs in north America. Although the dominant paradigm in the archival studies-the positivism paradigm-greatly contributed to build modern archives in Europe and north America, during last decades, new ideas and technologies led the archival communities to re-identify their social roles and powers and to adopt new values of archives and archivist. This essay argues that this changes is essential to our future and we understand the nature of the changes from the broader interdisciplinary perspective of archives studies, information studies, and history.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.4-17
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• 2011

The Baekje's cotton fabrics were excavated from 'Neungsan-ri temple site in Buyeo' (September 1999-April 2000) and stored at Buyeo National Museum after conservation treatment. In this study, it carred out non-destructive, chemical and morphological analysis for fiber identification, also considered on influx, features and difference between the 'Baek-cheop-po(Three kingdom period's cotton fiber)' and 'Mok-myeon(imported by Munikjeom, late Korea dynasty)'. As a result, the fiber proved cellulose fiber through analytical researches like color reaction, FT-IR(chemical analysis). It was also confirmed lumens, typical dimensional structure(morphological analysis) as an features of cotton fiber. The fiber was the first evidence in ancient Korea's cotton. But it can not prove that whether weaving were made in Baekje's area. However there were documentation that people in Beakje make cloth to silk fabric from 'Mahan period'. We can suppose that they have had an old weaving techniques. This study has a great historical, academic values as the only evidence for the hypothesis of a weaving technique of the Baekje's cotton. Through comparison to each region's ancient cottons, we can investigate the species of Baekje's cotton and ancient Korea cotton's influx.