• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

Objectives: We investigated the effect of electroacupuncture on epileptic rat model and its underlying mechanisms on suppression of the epilepsy. Methods: It was used pentylenetetrazol $(35{\sim}40\;mg/kg.\;i.p)$ induced epileptic rat model and square wave electrical stimulations (5 mA, 5, 40 or 80 Hz frequency) was applied to acupoints on 'Dazhui' and 'Taichong' for 30min. Results: Electroacupuncture suppressed spikes and slow waves of EEG due to the epileptic condition. Out of electroacupuncture, a high frequency of 80Hz had a better effect for suppress epileptic EEG wave. Conclusions: Electroacupuncture can markedly reduce the excitability of cerebral cortex and strengthen the inhibitory process, checking epilepsy wave. Some intrathalamic nuclei have a promoting or inhibiting effect on epileptic EEG wave. This experimental study we are proposed to Electro-acupuncture can suppression epileptic rat model and it's scientific mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.90-98
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of electro-acupuncture(EA) at ST36 on $CCl_4{^-}$ induced chronic hepatic damage in rats. Methods : The authors performed several experimental items, including measurements of liver index, hematological analysis for WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, hemoglobin, and biochemical assays for ALT, AST, ALP in serum, and histological analysis of liver tissue. Results : Liver index(liver weight/body weight), the levels of WBC, Neutrophils and Monocytes in blood, the levels of ALT, AST and ALP in serum which were increased by $CCl_4{^-}$ intoxication were reduced significantly by EA at ST36. The levels of lymphocyte and hemoglobin in blood which were decreased by $CCl_4{^-}$ intoxication were significantly increased by EA at ST36. Conclusions : EA at ST36 has a hepatoprotective effect on chronic hepatic damage in $CCl_4{^-}$ intoxicated rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.199-206
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various electroacupuncture stimulation on neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) in cerebral cortex, brain stem, cerebellum of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods : We evaluated the changes of nNOS-positive neurons using a immunohistochemical method. The staining intensity of nNOS positive neurons was assessed in a quantitative fashion using a microdensitometrical method based on optical density by means of an image analyzer. Results : The average optical density of nNOS-positive neurons of 100 Hz (bipolar square wave 0.2 ms duration and 100 Hz frequency) electroacupuncture treatment group significantly decreased in most cortical areas comparison between the manual acupuncture and 2 Hz (bipolar square wave 0.2 ms duration and 2 Hz frequency) electroacupuncture groups. In the brain stem, the optical density of nNOS-positive neuron at superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus area, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray area and paralemniscal nucleus were same as cerebral cortex. Conclusion : We conclude that the morphological evidence for nNOS-positive neurons may be have regional change in cerebral cortex brain stem and cerebellum according to various electroacupuncture stimulations.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.187-201
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was to investigate the effect of high frequency electro-acupuncture (EA) at $ST_{36}$ acupoint on the Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of FCA into base of tail. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups; Normal, Control, $ST_{36}$ and Non-Acupoint (NA). $ST_{36}$ group was treated by 120Hz EA at $ST_{36}$ acupoint. Body weight, paw edema volume and ankle joint thickness were measured after treatment. And we investigated the effects of 120Hz EA via WBC count, segmen neurophil, lymphocyte, PGE2 assay and NADPH-d histochemistry. Results and Conclusions : The mean of body weight and ankle joint thickness of $ST_{36}$ group was increased compared with control group. The mean of paw edema volume, WBC count, segment neutrophil and lymphocyte of were not decreased with control group. The mean of PGE2 concentration ($1,851.00{\pm}160.11$) and NADPH-d positive neurons ($13.12{\pm}1.23$) were changed significantly (p

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.318-322
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• 2011

Three dogs with severe traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) due to falling wound were admitted to the Veterinary Medical Center, Chonbuk National University for evaluation of severe pelvic limbs paralysis without deep pain, normal defecation and urination. Based on physical examination, neurological assessment and computed tomogram (CT), the diagnosis was made as subluxation and compressed fracture. All the cases were surgically treated with dorsal laminectomy and a spondylosyndesis using pin and bone cements. For 2 weeks, the dogs didn't show any improvement. Consequently, the dogs were treated with electroacupuncture (EA) and Duhuojisheng-tang (DHJST). All the dogs got back the deep pain and presented wagged tail on 14-35 days after starting EA with DHJST. Especially, two of 3 dogs recovered almost normal ambulation and capacities of urination and defecation. But, one dog failed to regain normal ambulation due to inflammation of operative site which is thought to be caused by the bone cement. From these cases, it was thought that the combination of EA and DHJST mightbe one of the suitable therapies in dogs with no neurological improvement.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2003

Objectives : To compare the reduction of thigh circumference between electro acupuncture treatment group and no treatment controlled group. Method : Trial was carried out 24 volunteers for 2 weeks. Volunteers were divided into 2 groups ; electro acupuncture and very low calorie diet group(n=8) or only very low calorie diet group(n=9). The main outcome of measure was the reduction of thigh circumference(cm) per weight loss(kg). Result: The main outcome measure showed no significant difference(p=0.14). There was no significant difference in weight loss(p=0.67) either.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.41-50
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• 2000

Objectives : Acupuncture is expected to have somewhat like the efficacy parallel increasing activity of immune system in Western modem medicine. There, already, are many animal researches on activating effect of acupuncture for the immune system in peripheral organs. So, we carried out this experiment to see whether acupuncture has controlling effect on interleukin-6(IL-6) activity in rat's brain. Methods and Results : We had topical application of IL-6(1U=lpg, $10{\mu}l$) on brain of rat. It reduced afferent sensory transmission to the primary somatosensory(SI) cortex from periphery. Whereas, electrical stimulation(ES, 2Hz, 1.5V, 15min) of ST36(足三里) with application of IL-6 prominently activated afferent sensory transmission. ES of non-acupoint(proximal tail) with IL-6 showed suppression of afferent transmission. ES of ST36 without IL-6 application also exerted facilitation of afferent transmission to the SI cortex. Conclusions : Electoacupuncture(EA) on ST36 has noticeable influences on modulating activation of IL-6 in central nervous system, which do major role in immune system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2008

Objectives & Methods : This study was to investigate effect of low frequency electroacupuncture on NADPH-d positive neurons in the brain cortex of rat with adjuvant induced rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental groups were divided into 6 groups ; Normal, Control, $ST_{36}$, $SP_9$, $ST_{36}+SP_9$ and Non-Acupoint. Normal group, non-arthritic group, was injected normal saline, and the other groups were injected FCA. Each acupoint groups were treated by 2Hz electroacupuncture at each acupoints and NA group was treated by 2Hz electroacupuncture at non-acupoint. Each groups were evaluated by the number of NADPH-d positive neurons in primary somatosensory area(S1), secondary somatosensory area(S2), motor area and caudate putamen by using an image analyzer and a microscope. Results : 1. In S1, the number of NADPH-d positive neuron cells in the $ST_{36}$ group were significantly(p<0.05) increased compared with the control group. 2. In S2, the number of NADPH-d positive neuron cells in all electroacupuncture groups were not significantly changed compared with the control group. 3. In motor area, the number of NADPH-d positive neuron cells in $ST_{36}$ group, $SP_9$ group, NA group were significantly(p<0.05) increased compared with the control group. 4. In Caudate putamen, the number NADPH-d positive neuron cells in all electroacupuncture groups were significantly(p<0.05) decreased compared with the control group. Conclusions : Our result demonstrated that low frequency electroacupuncture on $ST_{36}$ & $SP_9$ normalized expression of NADPH-d positive neurons in the brain cortex of the rheumatoid arthritis model in rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.133-150
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• 2003

Objective: Recently. many studies have showed the evidences of the effect of the Electro-acupuncture treatment through scientific. Methods : One of these methods is functional MRI. We performed electro-acupuncture on Zusanli(St36) and observed the change of brain activation using fMRI. Zusanli(St36) is located on the lateral side of the lower leg. 3 cun(寸) inferior to the Patella of the lower border. Theoretically and clinically. this point has been considered very important for gynecological disorders. spleen and stomach disorders. and psychological disorders. To see the effects of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36). the experiment was carried out on twelve healthy volunteers. using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body fMRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right Zusanli(St36). 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds. repeated five times. with 30 seconds' intervals. The Image analysis including motion correction. talairach transformation, and smoothing was done with SPM99. Results ad conclusion : The electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36) activates Brodmann Area 6, 13, 2, 19, 21, 22, 39, 40, 38, 3which indicates the pathways of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36) and the possibility of the relationship of the electro-acupuncture stimulation on Zusanli(St36) with autonomic nervous system, internal organic system.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.187-207
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• 2003

Objective: Recently, many studies have showed the evidences of the effect of the acupuncture treatment through scientific methods. One of these methods is functional MRI. We performed electro-acupuncture on Liv3 and observed the change of brain activation using fMRI. Methods: To see the effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation on Liv3. the experiment was carried out on 12 healthy volunteers. using the gradient echo sequence with the 3.0T whole-body MRI system(ISOL). After the needle insertion on right Liv3. 2 Hz of electric stimulation was given for 30 seconds. repeated five times. with 30 seconds' intervals. The Image analysis including motion correction, talairach transformation. and smoothing was done with SPM99. Results : 1. Group averaged brain activation induced by bilateral electro-acupuncture stimulation on Liv3 activates Brodman Area 6, 13, 18, 19, 22, 31, 39, 44, 2. Group averaged brain deactivation induced by bilateral Electro-acupuncture stimulation on Liv3 activates Brodman Area 4, 6, 9, 19, 36, 37, 39. 3. Group averaged brain activation induced by unilateral(right side) electro-acupuncture stimulation on Liv3 activates Brodman Area 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 22, 40, 42, 43. 4. Group averaged brain deactivation induced by unilateral(right side) electro-acupuncture stimulation on Liv3 activates Brodman Area 6, 18, 19, 28, 30, 31, 35, 37. 5. Brain region activated by motor stimulation activates Brodman Area 4, 6, 13, 19, 42.