• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.291-297
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• 2003

While making diagnosis and the treatment plan for the growing children who visited at Chonnam National University Hospital for orthodontic treatment, authors obtained 8 lateral cephalometric measurements in antero-posterior and vertical relationship such as APDI, WITS, ANB, SN-MP, ODI, PFH/AFH, Y-axis, SUM for children aged 7 to 9 with class III malocclusion and compared them with these of 73 children of elementary school aged 7 to 9 with proper profile and normal occlusion in Gwangju. The results were as follows: 1. Between normal occlusion and class III malocclusion, ANB, SN-MP, ODI, SUM, except PFH/AFH and Y-axis showed statistically significant differences(p<0.05). 2. Between mesurements to describe skeletal disorder of antero-posterior relationship such as APDI, WITS, ANB and skeletal disorder of vertical relationship such as SN-MP, ODI, PFH/AFH, Y-axis, SUM, all of them in both normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion showed significant correlation, except Y-axis, SUM correlation(p<0.01). 3. Wald' statistics of WITS, ANB and APDI expressing skeletal disorder of antero-posterior relationship showed 7.118, 5.148, 0.741, respectively and Wald' statistics of ODI, Y-axis, PFH/AFH, SN-MP, SUM were presented 28.348, 2.238, 1.376, 0.090, 0.089, respectively. Therefore, WITS and ODI could be considered as useful diagnotic measurements for class III malocclusion.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.420-426
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate skeletal and soft tissue changes that occur after using a facemask for treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion, and to assess the relapse pattern when no retention appliance was used. Fifteen skeletal class III malocclusion patients were treated with a facemask for an average of 12 months. No retention appliance was used during the 1 year follow-up period. Cephalograms were taken during pretreatment, posttreatment, and the 1 year follow-up. Cephalograms were traced, analyzed, and the results were compared between cephalograms. All patients showed significant sagittal skeletal changes after treatment, but they also showed a significant relapse during the 1 year follow-up period when no retention appliance was used. Despite the relapse, the sagittal skeletal changes that remained were still significant. Vertical skeletal change was also significant after treatment, but the total change was not significant after a 1 year follow-up due to relapse. In soft tissue changes, facial convexity and upper lip position improved after treatment and this change remained significant after the 1 year follow-up period. Facemask therapy is therefore an effective method for treatment of skeletal class III malocclusion, however, retention is imperative to maintain the treatment effect.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.2 s.85
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• pp.283-300
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• 2001

With socioeconomic development and change of esthetic recognition, the demand for orthodontic treatment and number of orthodontic patients has been increasing so rapidly. And frequency of malocclusion was changed. So this study was done in an attempt to provide an epidemiologic study so that we can accomodate their orthodontic needs adequately and to obtain the reliable quantitative information regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients. Distribution and trends were examined in 3,070 malocclusion patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital, Chosun University over 10 year-period from 1990 to 1999. The results were as follows : 1. The number of patients per year was increasing trend and higher visiting rate in female(56.5%) than in male(43.5%). 2. Age distribution had shown 7${\sim}$ 12 year-old group being the largest(37.9%) and each percentage of 13${\sim}$18, 19${\sim}$24, above-19, 0${\sim}$6 year${\sim}$old group was 32.0%, 19.6%, 7.1%, 3.4%. 3. Hellman dental age IVa which is completion of the permanent dentition showed the highest percentage in male and female. 4. Geographic distribution showed a majority of patients in Kwang Ju(71.0%). Group within the distance 10km from Chosun Dental Hospital was 56.3% and group within 20km was 14.7%. 5. Anterior cross bite showed the highest percentage in chief complaints and percentage of Mn. prognathism and protrusion of Mx. teeth was 12.6%, 12.2%. 6. Distribution in the types of malocclusion according to the Angle's classification had shown; 38.9% for Class I, 20.7% for Class II division 1, 2.0% for Class III division 2, 38.4% for Class III. 7. In the dental vertical dysplasia according to the Angle's classification, deep bite was the most frequent in Class II div.1 and div. 2(24.3%, 56.7%) and open bite in Class III(21.4%). 8. In the skeletal sagittal dysplasia, 39.3% of skeletal Class II was due to the undergrowth of the mandible and 46.3% of skeletal Class III was due to the overgrowth of the mandible. 9. Distribution in orthodontic treatment acceding to the extraction and nonextraction had shown 66.9% for nonextraction case, 33.1% for extraction case, and four first bicuspids have been extracted in the highest percentage(38.6%). 10. Patients who had orthognathic surgery comprised 7.9%, with an increasing trend.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.34 no.4 s.105
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• pp.313-324
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• 2004

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of relapse in orthodontic treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion in growing patients. A total of 55 patients were studied and all subjects were divided into two groups according to their stability in the post-treatment stage. Of the sample, 33 patients were included in the stable group and the remaining 22 were assigned to the relapse group. Cephalometric data of the pre-treatment stage was taken and compared between the stable and relapse group. The following results were obtained through t-test: 1. This study presented statistical evidence to show that the major skeletal determinant of prognosis in Class III orthodontic treatment was not anteroposterior discrepancy .but vertical discrepancy, especially within the AB-maxillo mandibular triangle. Vertical angular measurements that showed statistically significant differences were AB-MP and ODI(P<0.01) and the vortical ratio measurements were MP-P/AL and PP-P/AL(P<0.05). 2. Relapse tendency increased with the steep occlusal Plane, especially the steep lower occlusal plane. As to occlusal plane, there were statistically significant differences in OP(L)-PP, OP-PP, AB-OP(L) and Wits appraisal(P<0.05). This study claimed that anteroposterior discrepancy was not necessarily the proper criteria to predict relapse. Vertical discrepancy had a significant effect on post-treatment stability.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2021

A total of 580 patients, who visited and received an orthodontic diagnosis in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 2017 to 2019, were investigated in this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal patterns of pediatric orthodontic patients determined with lateral cephalometric analysis and to analyze the relationship between skeletal pattern and probable associated clinical features. Also, the modality of orthodontic treatment for each skeletal classification was investigated to aid in therapeutic decisions. Patients aged 7 year accounted for the largest age group; 54.2% of patients showed a skeletal class I pattern, 22.2% showed a skeletal class II pattern, and 23.6% showed a skeletal class III pattern. Bi-maxillary retrusion for skeletal class I, retruded mandible with normal positioning of the maxilla for skeletal class II, and retrusion of the maxilla with protrusion of the mandible for skeletal class III were the largest subgroups by skeletal pattern. Brachyfacial type accounted for 55.0% of patients, followed by 31.9% of mesofacial type and 13.1% of dolichofacial type. The prevalence of anterior crossbite in the study was 43.3%, higher than that in previous studies.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.4 s.63
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• pp.549-557
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the attrition pattern in Angle Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry. The sample consisted of three groups, the 20 subjects of normal occlusion group(Group I), the 12 subjects of class III malocclusion without facial asymmetry group(Group II) and 17 subjects of Class III malocclusion with facial asymmetry group(Group III). Attrition areas from canine to second molar on both sides in upper and lower arch, totally twenty, was marked by pencil and mesured by computer system(INTERGRAPH CO. USA) 2 times and the average value was used for date processing. Attrition areas from canine to second molar on both sides in upper and lower arch, totally twenty, was marked by pencil and mesured by computer system(INTERGRAPH CO. USA) 2 times and the average value was used for date Processing. All attrition areas were measured 2 times and the average value was used for data processing The data were statistically analyzed by SAS program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Total attrition area in Group I was larger than in Group II and III. 2. There was no significant difference in attrition area between right and left side in each group, but attrition area in Group III was larger than in Group I and II. 3. In Group I, Maxillary attrition area was larger than mandibular attrition area, but in Group ll and III, there was no significant difference in attrition area between maxilla and mandible. 4. In Group III, the attrition area of deviated side was target than undeviated side 5. There was no significant difference in attrition area between chewing side and non-chewing side in each group. 6. The total attrition area was unaffected by gender.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.29-41
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• 1999

Cleft lip and palate is the most frequent congenital facial deformity of the orofacial area. Successful management of patients with cleft lip / palate requires a multidiciplinary approach from birth to adult stage. Coordinated treatment by the cleft palate team is an essential requirement to obtain optimum treatment results. One of the negative effect of the early surgical interventions of lip and palate is a significant incidence of maxillary growth restriction that produces secondary deformities of the jaws and malocclusion that includes congenital missing of lateral incisor, malformed teeth, rotation or ectopic position of upper anterior teeth, and it has been thought due to the resistance of palatal scar tissue. In Orthodontic treatment for cleft lip / palate patients, expansion of upper dental arch or palatal suture is often needed to correct posterior and/or anterior cross bite and align upper teeth. Various appliances such as hyrax, quad-helix, fan-type expansion screw and jointed-fan type expander can be used for palatal expansion. In the orthodontic treatment of the cleft lip / palate patient, we must consider patient age and severity of palatal constriction for proper appliance selection, and must pay special attention to maintain the treatment results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.170-179
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the masticatory performance of Korean children and adolescents and to investigate related factors. Early loss of primary molars, degree of occlusion of first molars, occlusal relationship of first molars, and presence of anterior crossbite were considered. From March 2020 to July 2021, 56 children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 12 were included. The mixing ability index (MAI) was calculated to evaluate the masticatory efficiency of children and adolescents. The subjects were classified into three groups according to the number of early lost primary molars; normal dentition, 1 - 2 teeth lost, more than 3 teeth lost. The number of participants are 23, 18, and 15, respectively. There was no difference in the MAI values between the normal dentition group and the group has 1 - 2 teeth lost. However, when 3 or more primary molars were lost, the MAI value decreased and a significant difference was observed. This study is the first study to evaluate the masticatory performance of children and adolescents in Korea, and it will be helpful to pediatric dentists who evaluate the masticatory performance of children and adolescents and strive to improve the masticatory efficiency of children and adolescents in clinical practice.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.179-203
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• 1992

This study was designed to analyze nasal respiratory patency and its correlation with skeletal components in growing children with anterior crossbite. The subjects consisted of 40 control patients, 24 nose breathers with anterior crossbite and 18 mouth breathers with anterior crossbite. The mean age was 11.4 years in the control group, 10.1 years in nose breathing group and 9.5 years in mouth breathing group. The results were as follows, 1. In anterior cross bite group, and nasal respiratory airflow rates (N.R.A.R.) was significantly lower than that of control group regardless of nasal decongestants application. 2. The N.R.A.R. of mouth breathers with anterior crossbite in male group was significantly lower than that of mouth breathers, but increased to the level of control group after nasal decongestants application. But in female group, the N.R.A.R. was significantly lower in mouth breathing group at both conditions. 3. Mouth breathing group showed smaller anterior vertical nasal cavity height (ANS-ANS'), lower upper anterior facial height ratios (N-sp'/N-Me) and higher maxillary occlusal plane ratios (OL-ML/ML-NL) than those of nose breathing group with anterior crossibte. 4. Items showing nasal height (ANS-ANS', PNS-PNS'), anterior upper facial height (N-sp') was were strongly correlated with N.R.A.R. at 150 pascal in inspiration. But item showing maxillary occlusal plane ratios (OL-ML/ML-NS) was negatively correlated with N.R.A.R. at 150 pascal in inspiration. 5. There were forward tongue position in mouth breathing group, but it was not significantly correlated with N.R.A.R. at 150 pascal in inspiration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2000

This study was aimed to provide an epidemiologic study so that we could accommadate their orthodontic needs adequately and to obtain the reliable quantitative information regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients who visited the Department of pediatric dentistry, Chonnam National University Hospital from 1986 to 1999, October. The results were as follows. 1 The total number of orthodontic patients were 1,381(male 658, female 723) and the number of annual patients showed irregular trend and the number of male were slightly higher than that of female. 2. According to the investigation made by age group, the group of under 5 years, 6 to 7, 8 to 9, 10 to 11, 12 to 13 and above 14 years showed 8.4%, 29.6%, 34.3%, 21.2%, 5.7% and 0.8%, respectively. 3. The patients corresponding to primary dentition were 15.7% of total patients and mesial step, distal step and flush terminal plane were 83%, 4.6% and 12.4% respectively. By the way 82% of mesial step had anterior crossbite at the same time. 4. The patients corresponding to Angle classification were 84.3% of total patients and Class I malocclusion, Class II div. 1, Class II div. 2 and Class III was 34.7%, 34.6%, 2.1% and 28.6%, respectively.