• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.203-207
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• 2003

Zinc Air batteries obtain their energy density by utilizing ambient oxygen as the cathode materials. And specific capacity of zinc powder is as high as 820 mAh/g. When Zinc Air battery discharged at low current, then discharge voltage profile has very flat pattern until reach to end of voltage. But, when Zinc Air battery discharged at high current, then discharge voltage and energy becomes very low. So we focused on resistance and porosity of cathode with contents of PTFE. Wf studied on the effects of PTFE on performance of Zinc Air batteries. So we have got optimum contents of PTFE binder.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.44-50
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• 2015

Recycling technologies would be required in consideration of increasing demand in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, the leaching behavior of Ni, Co and Mn is investigated with ammoniacal medium for spent cathode active materials, which are separated from a commercial LIB pack in hybrid electric vehicles. The leaching behavior of each metal is analyzed in the presence of reducing agent and pH buffering agent. The existence of reducing agent is necessary to increase the leaching efficiency of Ni and Co. The leaching of Mn is insignificant even with the existence of reducing agent in contrast to Ni and Co. The most conspicuous difference between acid and ammoniacal leaching would be the selective leaching behavior between Ni/Co and Mn. The ammoniacal leaching can reduce the cost of basic reagent that makes the pH of leachate higher for the precipitation of leached metals in the acid leaching.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.6 s.74
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• pp.48-55
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• 2006

This study was carried out for establishing the physical recycling technique for commercializing process on household batteries. The procedure involves shape separator, crushing, magnetic separation, classification and eddy current separation in sequence. The separation capacity was 400-600 unit cell/hr with shape separation system. The impurities such as manganese and zinc in the magnetic product were below 0.1% respectively, the concentration of iron was above 99% in spent carbon zinc battery. Also non-magnetic products are composed of 22-30% En, 16-22% Mn, 1-3% Fe in the case oi spent zinc carbon battery. The amounts of other components such as carbon rod, plastics and separator were about 37-50%. From the eddy current separation of nonferrous products, the plate-type zinc components were separated up to 96% with 2,250-2,750 meter/min of the conveyor speed.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

This study focused on the synthesis of the nickel hydroxide using ammonium sulfate in leaching solution from waste nickel-cadmium batteries. The effect of pH, temperature and the input amount of ammonium sulfate in leaching solution was investigated. The ammonium nickel sulfate with high purity was obtained in acidic leaching solution and the solution temperature of $60^{\circ}C$. The suitable molar ratio of the input amount of ammonium sulfate to nickel in solution is 2:1. The impurity about 1.4 at.% of Cd was included in the nickel hydroxide precipitates when ammonium nickel sulfate was used. At the process using sodium sulfide which precipitates the cadmium in solution, nickel and iron compounds were precipitated together.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1994

Mercury in spent button type batteries can be separated and recovered with vacuum distillation method. It was found that mercury in the battery began to distill at $150^{\circ}C$ and organic substanced like a packing material was decomposed at$ 300^{\circ}C$. More than 99.9% of mercury contained in the battery was distiled and separated at about $250^{\circ}C$ and 20 torr with 8 hours' reaction time. The dissolution tests of the residue after distillation showed that mercury concentration in the solution were lower than 5 ppb and this values satisfied the environ-mental condition. Also as the furnace heating rate was above $15^{\circ}C$/min, it was found that the spent battery was destroyed because of increased pressure in the battery inside.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2011

We devised a procedure for the recovery of silicon and tempered glass from waste photovoltaic (PV) modules using optimized conditions. The tempered glass was recovered without any damage using organic solvents. The surface material is removed by applying an acid solution on the surface of the PV cell. Through our proposed method, we offer a much more efficient approach for recycling solar cells with a surfactant than the conventional method. This process, we obtained pure silicon with a yield of 90% by chemical treatment with the surfactant at room temperature for 18 min. The silicon yield was characterized using an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer.

• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.39
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• pp.70-73
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• 2006

클린 에너시 시장 "2015년 1672억 달러로 성장"/대림산업 양주 택지지구에 구역형 집단에너지 사업/산자부 에너지진단의무화 입법예고/동아전람 '제2회 동아 빌딩박람회'참가업제 모집/에너지기술연 제지설비 응축열 재활용 '열교환기'상용화/산자부 환경친화 산업구조개선 법률 개정/미국 냉동공조공학회 이진원 교수·이상민 박사에 최고논문상/광주시 그린빌리지, 수소연료전지 본격가동/대전 신동아파트 소형열병합 ESCO자금 상황 '끝'/기획예산처 교육세 일부 환경,에너 지 분야에 활용/유기태양전지 개방 '청신호'/중소기업청 신기술 제품 공공구매 본격 확대/에노지관리공담 혁신도시 건설을 위한 신·재생에너지보급 촉진 간담 회 개최/산자부 온실가스 배출통계 시스템 구축

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.1-23
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• 1993

중유회는 중유 화력발전소 보일러의 전지집진기에서 생성되는 분진으로 지금까지는 산업폐기물로 폐기되어 왔으나 이의 절대량이 증가하고 환경규제가 엄격하여짐에 따라 그대로 폐기할 수는 없게 되었다. 한편 이중에는 바나듐과 니켈 등의 유가금속이 3-10% 함유되어 있어 자원으로서의 가치가 충분하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중유회로부터 바나듐과 니켈을 효과적으로 추출, 분리하여 재활용하기 위한 목적으로 바나듐과 오산화바나듐으로 니켈을 황산니켈로 각각 회수하는 방법에 관한 기초연구를 행하였다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2024

The recycling of waste resources, such as spent catalysts, primarily involves leaching and extracting metal components via smelting. These metal components are then recovered as salts, such as sulfates and nitrates. When crystallization occurs during the calcination of the recovered salts, the salts are converted into oxides, which are then reduced to form metals or ceramic materials. Common reducing agents used in oxide reduction include hydrogen and carbon, and metal powders are obtained upon reduction. Carbide synthesis can occur if the recycled element is a transition metal and carbon is used as the reducing agent. Despite being ceramic materials, transition metal carbides exhibit excellent conductivity owing to their metallic bonding. Recently, MXene, a two-dimensional transition metal carbide, has gained attention for electromagnetic wave shielding, secondary battery electrodes, and water purification owing to its electrical conductivity and large surface area. This study developed a process for synthesizing high-value MXene materials from waste resources. The properties of these MXenes were evaluated to confirm the potential of using waste resources as raw materials for MXenes.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.10-19
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• 2007

The mechanical process followed by hydrometallurgical treatment has been developed in order to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium ion battery. In the previous study, a citrate precursor combustion process to prepare cathodic active materials from the leaching solution was elucidated. Resynthesis of electrode materials should be more valuable in spent battery recycling. Conventional slurry mixing of $LiCoO_2$ and carbon cannot make uniform distribution, and therefore the cathode cannot reach the theoretical charge-discharge capacity and is easily degraded during the charge-discharge cycling. In this study, ultra-fine $LiCoO_2$ powders has been prepared by modification of the combustion process and fabricated the enhanced cathode by modification of mixing method of $LiCoO_2$ and carbon added.