• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2020

This paper presents a real-time autonomous computation of shot numbers and aiming points against multiple soft targets on grounds by applying an unsupervised learning, k-mean clustering and Monte carlo simulation. For this computation, a 100 × 200 square meters size of virtual battlefield is created where an augmented enemy infantry platoon unit attacks, defences, and is scatted, and a virtual weapon with a lethal range of 15m is modeled. In order to determine damage types of the enemy unit: no damage, light wound, heavy wound and death, Monte carlo simulation is performed to apply the Carlton damage function for the damage effect of the soft targets. In addition, in order to achieve the damage effectiveness of the enemy units in line with the commander's intention, the optimal shot numbers and aiming point locations are calculated in less than 0.4 seconds by applying the k-mean clustering and repetitive Monte carlo simulation. It is hoped that this study will help to develop a system that reduces the decision time for 'detection-decision-shoot' process in battalion-scaled combat units operating Dronebot combat system.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.141-149
• /
• 2020

Solanum hougasii, one of the wild Solanum species, has been widely used in potato breeding since it exhibits excellent resistance to diverse important pathogens. S. hougasii can be directly crossed with the cultivated tetraploid potato (S. tuberosum) owing to its EBN (Endosperm Balanced Number) value of 4, which is same as that of S. tuberosum although it is an allohexaploid. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. hougasii was obtained by next-generation sequencing technology, and compared with that of the chloroplast genome of seven other Solanum species to identify S. hougasii-specific PCR markers. The length of the complete chloroplast genome of S. hougasii was 155,549 bp. The structural organization of the chloroplast genome in S. hougasii was found to be similar to that of seven other Solanum species studied. Phylogenetic analysis of S. hougasii with ten other Solanaceae family members revealed that S. hougasii was most closely related to S. stoloniferum, followed by S. berthaultii, and S. tuberosum. Additional comparison of the chloroplast genome sequence with that of five other Solanum species revealed five InDels and 43 SNPs specific to S. hougasii. Based on these SNPs, four PCR-based markers were developed for the differentiation of S. hougasii from other Solanum species. The results obtained in this study will aid in exploring the evolutionary and breeding aspects of Solanum species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2004

The mesh selectivity of the drum net fish trap for elkhorn sculpin(Alcichthys alcicornis) in the estern sea of Korea was described. The selection curve for the elkhorn sculpin caught from the experiments between June 2003 and December 2003 was by SELECT(Share Each Length Class's Catch Total)model and by Kitahaa's method to a polynomial equation and two parameter logistic selection curve. The selection curve by SELECT model showed to be equal probability of entrance of the elkhorn sculpin in the large(55mm) and small(20mm) mesh traps by minimum AIC (Akaike Information Criteria). The equation of selectivity curve obtained by Kitahara's method using a logistic function with least square method was $s(R)\;=\;\frac{1}{1+exp(-0.3545R+2.141)$, where R=1/m, and/and m are total length and mesh size, respectively. The mesh selectivity curve showed that the current regulated mesh size(35mm) for the trap was corresponded to 21.4cm in the $L_{50}$of the selection curve for the elkhorn sculpin.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2011

At the computer games, we can experience a variety of environments using a virtual object. It is similar to that be trained in War-game simulator of the defense. Actual soldiers and a computer-generated virtual group(Computer Generated Force: CGF) in 3-D virtual battlefield environment are training. However, path finding algorithm, one of the techniques of simulation models, to the current level only considers the shortest time path. So, this current level at the special situation of the army in the battlefield for selecting the optimal path is limited. The focus of this paper is to select the least-cost path using the deadline with several different mission conditions(METT+TC). For the only shortest time path algorithm and the least-cost path algorithm using dealine,($d_t$, one of METT+TC elements), Its usefulness is verifying the change of the move spent time(t) for all possible paths and the fighting power of the combat troops(Troops ability, a) through a comparison of the total cost of moves(c(t)). According to the results, when considering the deadline, the proposed algorithm saves about 62.5% of the maximum cost.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.105-117
• /
• 2020

Analysis of combat effectiveness is required to consider the concept of tactical cooperative engagement between manned-unmanned weapon systems, in order to predict the required operational capabilities of future weapon systems that meets the concept of 'effect-based synchronized operations.' However, analytical methods such as mathematical and statistical models make it difficult to analyze the effects of complex systems under nonlinear warfare. In this paper, we propose a combat simulation model that can simulate the concept of cooperative engagement between manned-unmanned combat entities based on wireless communications. First, we model unmanned combat entities, e.g., unmanned ground vehicles and drones, and manned combat entities, e.g., combatants and artillery, considering the capabilities required by the future ground system. We also simulate tactical behavior in which all entities perform their mission while sharing battlefield situation information through wireless communications. Finally we explore the feasibility of the proposed model by analyzing combat effectiveness such as target acquisition rate, remote control success rate, reconnaissance lead time, survival rate, and enemy's loss rate under a small-unit armor reconnaissance scenario. The proposed model is expected to be used in war-game combat experiments as well as analysis of the effects of manned-unmanned ground weapons.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.177-189
• /
• 2021

Defense R&D is a key process for securing weapons systems determined by mid- and long-term needs to cope with changing future battlefield environments. In particular, the test and evaluation provides information necessary to determine whether or not to switch to mass production as the last gateway to research and development of weapons systems and plays an important role in ensuring performance linked to the life cycle of weapons systems. Meanwhile, if you look at the recent changes in the operational environment of the Korean Peninsula and the defense acquisition environment, you can see three main characteristics. First of all, continuous safety accidents occurred during the operation of the weapon system, which increased social interest in the safety of combatants, and the efficient execution of the limited defense budget is required as acquisition costs increase. In addition, strategic approaches are needed to respond to future battlefield environments such as robots, autonomous weapons systems (RAS), and cyber security test and evaluation. Therefore, in this study, we would like to present strategies for improving the testing and evaluation of weapons systems by considering the characteristics of the security environment that has changed recently. To this end, the improvement strategy was derived by analyzing the complementary elements of the current weapon system operational test and evaluation system in a multi-dimensional model and prioritized through the hierarchical analysis method (AHP).

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.217-225
• /
• 2021

The family Platycephalidae is a taxonomic group of economically important demersal flathead fishes that predominantly occupy tropical or temperate estuaries and coastal environments of the Indo-Pacific oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we for the first time analyzed the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the flathead Platycephalus cultellatus Richardson, 1846 from Vietnam by Next Generation Sequencing method. Its mitogenome was 16,641 bp in total length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The gene composition and order of the mitogenome were identical to those of typical vertebrates. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on the concatenated nucleotide sequence matrix of 13 PCGs and the partial sequence of a DNA barcoding marker, cox1 in order to determine its molecular phylogenetic position among the order Scorpaeniformes. The phylogenetic result revealed that P. cultellatus formed a monophyletic group with species belonging to the same family and consistently clustered with one nominal species, P. indicus, and two Platycephalus sp. specimens. Besides, the cox1 tree confirmed the taxonomic validity of our specimen by forming a monophyletic clade with its conspecific specimens. The mitogenome of P. cultellatus analyzed in this study will contribute valuable information for further study on taxonomy and phylogeny of flatheads.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2015

Recently, research on the multi-agent system is developed actively in the various fields, especially on the control of complex system and optimization. In this study, we develop a multi-agent system for NPC simulation in game environment. The purpose of the development is to support quick and precise decision by inferencing the situation of the dynamic discrete domain, and to support an optimization process of the agent system. Our approach employed Petri-net as a basic agent model to simplify structure of the system, and used fuzzy inference engine to support decision making in various situation. Our experimentation describes situation of the virtual battlefield between the NPCs, which are divided two groups, such as fuzzy rule based agent and automata based agent. We calculate the percentage of winning and survival rate from the several simulations, and the result describes that the fuzzy rule based agent showed better performance than the automata based agent.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.2180-2186
• /
• 2010

As the substantial increase in battlefield density, multiple and complex weapon systems, Ensuring the Survivability of the platform has been emphasized. Most of platforms have equipped with ASE (Aircraft Survivability Equipment) system in order to protect the platform and operator against at modernized hostile weapon. ASE system enhance the survivability of the platform through providing accurate situation awareness information by detecting and countermeasuring hostile threats. One of Key factor of the AE system performance is handling multiple and complex threats. In this study, it describes the fact that the performance of ASE system with proposed threat integration algorithm is verified in the developed threat emulation system and also, suggests system verification method before deployment by dealing with complex threat situation.