• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.785-791
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• 2014

The antioxidative activities of beverages with water or ethanol extracts from Maegmundong (Liriope platyphylla) were investigated with free amino acid and mineral analysis, as well as saponin, total phenolics and flavonoid determination. Antioxidative activity was evaluated by electron donating ability and ABTS radical scavenging activity. There was only a small difference between water extract beverages and ethanol-extract beverages with respect to their electron donating ability and ABTS radical scavenging activity, although the total saponin, total phenolics and flavonoid were found to be greater in the ethanol extract beverages than in the water extract beverages. Three major free amino acids of the Magemundong beverages with water- or ethanol extract were asparagine (58.30, 60.68 mg%), methionine (15.10, 13.95 mg%, respectively) and proline (12.31, 14.00 mg%, respectively). The most abundant mineral in the Maegmundong beverage with water and ethanol extract was potassium (238.68, 244.32 mg%, respectively).

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2009

This study was investigated on optimal conditions of the functional activities of ${\beta}$-glucan which was extracted from rice bran (RB) and rice germ (RG) using response surface methodology. The extraction temperature was varied in the $80-100^{\circ}C$, the extraction time between 2-10 min, and the ethanol concentration was in the interval of 30-70%. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables of extraction temperature ($X_1$), extraction time ($X_2$) and ethanol concentration ($X_3$) on dependent variables such as electron donating ability of RB ($Y_1$), electron donating ability of RG ($Y_2$), total phenolics of RB ($Y_3$), total phenolics of RG ($Y_4$), ${\beta}$-glucan contents of RB ($Y_5$) and ${\beta}$-glucan contents of RG ($Y_6$). As a result, the highest $Y_1$ level was 84.02% at $92.60^{\circ}C$, 2.75 min and 60.41% in saddle point. This value was affected by extraction temperature (P<0.05). The value of $Y_2$ was found to be the highest at $87.52^{\circ}C$, 2.23 min and 54.40% in saddle point. The highest $Y_3$ level was $98.56^{\circ}C$, 6.69 min and 40.26% in saddle point, and this extraction was greatly influenced by extraction temperature (P<0.01) and ethanol concentration (P<0.05). The value of $Y_4$ was found to be highest at $95.73^{\circ}C$, 9.19 min and 53.67% in minimum point. The value of $Y_5$ was found to be the highest at $96.23^{\circ}C$, 7.70 min and 63.69% in saddle point. The value of $Y_6$ was found to be highest at $87.82^{\circ}C$, 2.10 min and 50.03% in minimum point, and this extraction was greatly influenced by extraction time (P<0.01).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine antioxidant activities of Perilla frutescens var. acuta leaf. For the this purpose, DPPH radical scavenging activity, lipid oxidation inhibition, SOD-like activity, and xanthine oxidase inhibitor activity of water extract, ethanol extracts (30, 50, 70, and 95%) and the fractions obtained from these extracts were determined. The electron donating abilities of the chloroform fraction obtained from the 70% and 95% ethanol extracts were 50%, and that of the ethyl acetate fraction for all of the extracts was above 75%. In particular, the electron donating ability of the ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% ethanol extract showed the greatest activity with 200.5 ppm of $RC_{50}$ value. The 70% ethanol extract was most effective to inhibit the automatic oxidation of linoleic acid at $40^{\circ}C$ storage. The highest inhibition effects appeared in the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the water extract, and the 30, 50, and 70% ethanol extracts, and the highest lipid oxidation inhibiting effect of the 95% ethanol extract occurred in the hexane and acetate fractions. The SOD-like activity of the water extract was 30.3%, and the activities of the various concentration of ethanol extracts were 28-32% and the activity of the 70% ethanol extract was the highest. The SOD-like activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% ethanol extract was highest with 1,549.0 ppm of $RC_{50}$ value. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity was greatest in the water extract and the activities of the ethanol extracts were 36-41.2%. The xanthine oxidase inhibition activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of the water extract was highest. In summary, we found that electron donating ability, lipid oxidation inhibition, and SOD-like activity of Perilla frutescens var. acuta leaf were greatest in the ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% ethanol extract, and xanthine oxidase inhibition activity was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction of the water extract.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.247-254
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• 2011

This study were carried to investigate to the effects of diet supplemented with pine needle powder on pH, total phenol contents, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), WHC (water holding capacity), shear force, sensory evaluation, meat color, and fatty acid composition of chicken meat. Broiler chicks were fed the corresponding diets containing 0% pine needle powder (Control), 0.3% pine needle powder (T1), 0.6% pine needle powder (T2), or 0.9% pine needle powder (T3) for five weeks. The pH and TBARS was significantly decreased by the supplementation of pine needle powder compared to the control (P<0.05). The total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity were significantly increased by the supplementation of pine needle powder compared to the control (P<0.05), and T3 showed the most effective (P<0.05) more effective in improving self-life compared to the other treatment groups. The CIE $a^*$ value of treatment groups showed significantly higher value compare to the control, however, CIE $L^*$ values was decreased. In fatty acid composition, the level of oleic acid in chicken meat was significantly (P<0.05) increased by the supplementation of pine needle powder compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of pine needle powder was effective in decreasing pH and TBARS, and increasing total phenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity in broiler meats.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.591-599
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• 2005

This study was conducted to optimize the extraction conditions from cabbage by a response surface methodology. In extraction conditions based on the central composite design with variations, the ratio of solvent to sample ($10\~30$mL/g), ethanol concentration ($0\~100\%$) and extraction temperature ($35\~95^{circ}C$) coefficients of determinations ($R^2$) were 0.8162(p<0.1), 0.8173(p<0.1), 0.9374(p<0.01) and 0.9116(p<0.05) in extraction yield, electron donating ability, tyrosinase inhibition and SOD-like ability, respectively. Estimated extraction conditions for the maximizing yield, electron donating ability and SOD-like ability were $15\~30$ mL/g in ratio of solvent to sample, $40\~80\%$; ethanol concentration, and $50\~90^{\circ}C$ ; extraction temperature. Predicted values at the optimum condition (25 mL/g solvent to sample, $50\%$ ethanol concentration and $70^{\circ}C$ in extraction temperature) were in good agreement with observed values.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2009

Anticandidial activity of seven herbal extracts, Taraxacum Platycarpum, Houttuyniae Herba, Lonicerae Flos, Anemarrhena Rhizome, Forsythia Fruit, Paeoniae Ratix, and Coptidis Rhizoma, were determined against five different Candida sp. by agar diffusion assay. The concentration of total phenolic compounds of seven herbal extracts ranged from 0.6 to $2.5{\mu}g/mg$. The total antioxidant activities showed that Taraxacum Platycarpum and Houttuyniae Herba were 60% in 80% ethanol extract and Lonicera Flower and Paeoniae Ratix were 70, 75%, respectively, in 100% ethanol extract. Coptidis Rhizoma extract showed antifungal activity against non-Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. The MIC values of a compound separated in TLC from Coptidis Rhizoma extract were 24, and $48{\mu}g/mL$ against C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. The above compound showed the same retention time with berberin in HPLC analysis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2011

Three bark extracts of Albizia julibrissin were prepared using water (AW), 70% (v/v) ethanol (AE), and hot water (AHW). Organic solvent fractions were analyzed for total flavonoids and polyphenols, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase. Total flavonoid and polyphenol contents of the AHW extract were 8.57 mg/g and 108.67 mg/g, respectively. The SOD-like activities of all extracts, assayed at 1.0 mg/mL, were 10.46-16.73%. The nitrite-scavenging ability of the AHW extract, assayed at pH 1.2, was 60.82%, and the $IC_{50}$ value was $770.18\;{\mu}g$/mL. The electron-donating ability of the AHW extract, at 0.3 mg/mL, was 92.30%; the $IC_{50}$ values of the AW and AHW extracts were $31.31\;{\mu}g$/mL and $36.22\;{\mu}g$/mL, respectively; thus higher than that of ascorbic acid ($39.06\;{\mu}g$/mL). Xanthine oxidase inhibition by the AHW extract, at 1.0 mg/mL, was 94.05%. These results indicate that the AHW of A. julibrissin has potential as a natural antioxidant, for addition to foods and nutraceuticals.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2010

We compared physiological activities in reflux extracts from Liriope platyphylla leaves and roots. The water extract of roots had the highest solid extraction yield of 53.96%. The greatest level of total polyphenols was 186.88 mg/g in methanol extracts from leaves, whereas water extract from leaves showed the highest concentration of flavonoid compounds, at 159.29 mg/g. The leaf extract had 97.42% of the electron-donating ability (EDA) of the positive control, at 0.5 mg/mL. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of water extract of leaves was 9.75% of the positive control value, at 1.0 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability of methanolic extract from leaves was highest, at 40.56% of the positive control level at pH 1.2 and a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, whereas root extracts were ineffective in this regard. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by leaf extracts was more than 99% of the positive control value at 1.0 mg/mL, whereas water and methanolic root extracts had activities of 93.75% and 68.47%, respectively. When tyrosinase inhibition was examined, the water extract of leaves had 22.80% of positive control activity but methanolic extracts were inactive. These results indicate that leaves of L. platyphylla will be more useful for development of functional products than the roots, which are used to make medicinal preparations.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.442-448
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• 2009

Physiological activities in mulberry leaf and fruit were examined. Electron-donating ability (EDA), tyrosinase activity, SOD-like action (SOD), angiotensin I-converting enzyme-(ACE) inhibitory activity,and nitrite-scavenging ability of mulberry leaf and fruitextracted with water, with 50% (v/v) or with 100% ethanol, were measured. The EDA of mulberry leaf and fruit extracted with water or 50% (v/v) ethanol were greater (by 65.72-81.30%) than that with the 100% ethanol extract, whereas the activities of both former extracts were lower than those with 1.0% and 0.1% (both w/v) L-ascorbate solutions. The SOD-like activities of water, 50% (v/v) and 100% ethanol extracts of all samples were 24.13.26.80% lower than those of 1.0% and 0.1% (both w/v) L-ascorbate solutions. Nitrite-scavenging activity at pH 1.2 was observed in all extracts. The results further our understanding of the physiological activities of mulberry leaf and fruit extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.1357-1362
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the extract yield, total polyphenolic compounds content, electron donating activity (EDA) and nitrite scavenging activity (NSA) of various red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds. The water and ethanol extracts showed yields in the ranges of $11.30{\sim}18.93%$ and $3.00{\sim}5.25%$, respectively. Ethanol extract yield was higher than water. In the total polyphenol content, water and ethanol extracts were in the range of $10.22{\pm}1.29{\sim}25.98{\pm}0.55mg/$ and $8.00{\pm}0.57{\sim}33.99{\pm}0.09mg/g$, respectively. Also, nitrite scavenging activities were $70.11{\pm}0.71{\sim}94.07{\pm}0.86%$ and $81.93{\pm}1.77{\sim}99.90{\pm}0.70%$ for water and ethanol extracts, respectively. In the electron donating activity, water extracts showed lower activity than ethanol extracts. The electron donating activity of water extracts was in the range of $0.04{\pm}0.07{\sim}14.31{\pm}0.06%$ while that of NSA of ethanol extracts was $35.48{\pm}0.23{\sim}73.83{\pm}0.04%$.