• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.119-123
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• 2020

이벤트 추출은 텍스트에서 구조화된 이벤트를 분석하는 것이다. 본 논문은 대화문에서 발생하는 다양한 종류의 이벤트를 다루기 위해 이벤트 스키마를 프레임넷으로 정한다. 대화문에서의 이벤트 논항은 이벤트가 발생하는 문장 뿐만 아니라 다른 문장 또는 대화에 참여하는 발화자에서 발생할 수 있다. 대화문 주석 데이터의 부재로 대화문에서의 프레임 파싱 연구는 진행되지 않았다. 본 논문이 제안하는 모델은 대화문에서의 이벤트 논항 구간이 주어졌을 때, 논항 구간의 역할을 식별하는 모델이다. 해당 모델은 이벤트를 유발한 어휘, 논항 구간, 논항 역할 간의 관계를 학습한다. 대화문 주석 데이터의 부족을 극복하기 위해 문어체 주석 데이터인 한국어 프레임넷을 활용하여 전이학습을 진행한다. 이를 통해 정확도 51.21%를 달성한다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

Soil moisture is one of the important components in hydrological processes and also controls the subsurface flow mechanism at a hillslope scale. In this study, time series of soil moisture were measured at a hillslope located in Gwangneung National Arboretum, Korea using a multiplex Time Domain Reflectometry(TDR) system measuring soil moisture with bi-hour interval. The Box-Jenkins transfer function and noise model was used to estimate spatial distributions of soil moisture histories between May and September, 2007. Rainfall was used as an input parameter and soil moisture at 10 cm depth was used as an output parameter in the model. The modeling process consisted of a series of procedures(e.g., data pretreatment, model identification, parameter estimation, and diagnostic checking of selected models), and the relationship between soil moisture and rainfall was assessed. The results indicated that the patterns of soil moisture at different locations and slopes along the hillslope were similar with those of rainfall during the measurment period. However, the spatial distribution of soil moisture was not associated with the slope of the monitored location. This implies that the variability of the soil moisture was determined more by rainfall than by the slope of the site. Due to the influence of vegetation activity on soil moisture flow in spring, the soil moisture prediction in spring showed higher variability and complexity than that in early autumn did. This indicates that vegetation activity is an important factor explaining the patterns of soil moisture for an upland forested hillslope.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2014

In this study, we compared and analyzed the displacement of final excavation with measured value through an inverse analysis method used in urban excavation construction. We maximized the effectiveness of the inverse analysis method, and plan to achieve cost-effective and practical construction management in the field with identical conditions. As the first stage, we suggest an example of a field which has the inverse analysis method. We applied the inverse analysis method to three different fields on which construction and measuring were finished. Of these three fields, two fields showed a very satisfactory result. However, in one field, there were significant differences between the analysis and measured value. The result of our analysis indicated that, we should unite the conditions of the inverse analysis method and field construction. We need to thoughtfully reconsider the RANKINE earth pressure application in a triangle type. This is because the uniformity of earth pressure is made by its arching effect, in the condition of the displacement of lower underground occurring widely, which is differentiated with the earth pressure conditions of RANKINE, even if the slurry wall has stiffness. Also, when recalculating the soil parameter, we should emphasize the adhesion of the weathering zone, and give experimental consideration to ground water level.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of tumor marker CA 15-3 in the following: the diagnosis of breast cancer relapse after curative mastectomy, and the differentiation or the value of tumor marker by site of metastases. Materials and Methods: Two hundred two patients (median age 48 years) with breast cancer included in the follow-up after curative mastectomy. The tumor marker CA 15-3 was determined by IRMA (CIS BIO INTERNATIONAL, France). Test values > 30 U/ml were considered elevated (positive). Results: Among 202 patients, recurrent diseases were found in 16 patients. CA 15-3 was elevated in 5 of 16 patients with recurrences. There was no false-positive patient who had elevated CA 15-3. Sensitivity and specificity of CA 15-3 for detection of breast cancer recurrence were 31%, and 100%. CA 15-3 was elevated in all of the 4 patients with liver metastases. CA 15-3 was elevated in none of the patients who relapsed with metastasis to bone-only or contralateral breast-only. Conclusion: The tumor marker CA 15-3 in the detection of breast cancer relapse after curative mastectomy is specific, but not sensitive. However, it is useful to rule out liver metastases of breast cancer, which indicates bad prognosis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.194-200
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 하천부터 하구까지의 댐 구조물 건설로 인해 해안으로의 표사 공급원이 감소하는 것을 정량적으로 검토하였다. 내륙과 해양의 전이역인 연안은 농수산업, 임해산업단지, 발전소 및 항만과 같은 산업 인프라, 관광 및 레크리에이션 등의 다양한 편익을 제공하여 높은 경제 사회 환경적 가치가 있다. 그러나 80년대 이후 무분별하게 추진되어온 각종 연안 개발은 직 간접적인 해안의 침식문제를 발생시켰다. 우리나라 서해의 경우 하천으로부터의 토사 유입 차단은 심각한 수준이다. 아직 그 영향이 해안으로 완전히 파급되지 못하여 그로 인한 장기 해안 침식이 두드러지지 않고 있으나 고파랑에 의한 빈번한 침식과 저질의 세립화 현상을 통하여 현재 진행형임을 알 수 있다. 그러나 일단 피해가 심각해지기 시작하면 돌이킬 수 없는 재앙이 될 측면도 많다. 따라서 우리나라 유역의 개발과 수리구조물 건설 현황을 살펴 이로 인한 해안 침식 결과가 얼마나 심각할 수 있는 지를 살펴본다. 본 연구에서는 수리구조물로 인한 토사량 감소 중 가장 주요한 토사 공급원 감소 원인인 댐으로 인한 토사량 감소율에 대한 연구를 진행한다. 먼저 각 댐의 건설 전, 유역면적당 토사량과 댐 건설 후, 해안 유입 토사량 사이에 감소율을 계산하고, cascade 방법에 의하여 댐군에 의한 토사감소율을 산정한다. 유입 토사량 감소율을 산정하고 토사 공급원 감소로 인한 표사 수지 분석을 통해 해안 침식 폭의 위험도 평가를 실시한다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.368-374
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• 2016

This paper presents constructing transmitter and receiver by using a direct sequence spread spectrum techniques to DPSK (Differential Phase-Shift Keying) scheme in underwater acoustic communication. Since DPSK signal can be demodulated if the receiver knows only the phase difference between the adjacent bits, DPSK receiver structure has the advantage of being simplified. In the conventional receiver, two adjacent symbols of transmitted signal before despread are passed to the transition correlator that detects data by comparing maximum correlation outputs. At this time, the error for maximum value of the correlator output may increase because of low SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) or high Doppler shift frequency according to the underwater channel. In this paper, we propose a method for accurate detection result using the width as well as the magnitude among outputs produced by the correlator. The performances of the proposed method was evaluated by simulation and lake trial data.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2005

The thermal degradation of ABS/PC/triphenyl phosphate compounds in the presence of transition metal chloride catalysts has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The reaction of transition metal chloride catalysts (cobalt chloride, ferric chloride, nickel chloride and zinc chloride) and ABS/PC/triphenyl phosphate compounds has been found to occur during the thermal degradation of the compounds. In a nitrogen atmosphere, char formation is observed, and $3\~13\%$of the reaction product is non-volatile at $600^{circ}$. The resulting enhancement of char formation in a nitrogen atmosphere has been explained as a catalytic crosslinking effect of transition metal chloride catalysts. On the other hand, transition metal chloride catalyzed char formation of ABS/PC/triphenyl phosphate compounds in air was unsuccessful due to the oxidative degradation of the char at a higher temperature.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.368-380
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• 2002

Purpose: Liver transplantation (LT), one of the therapeutic options of primary liver cancer has been suffering from recurrence caused by metastasis in 8-54% of patients. This study was performed to investigate whether FDG-PET is useful for detecting hidden metastasis in LT candidates. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six patients (male:female=23:3, mean age 55.7 years) underwent FDG-PET. Their previous conventional diagnostic studies (CDS) like abdomen US and CT, chest x-ray and CT, and bone scan were negative (n=22) or equivocal (n=4) for metastasis. Positive FDG-PET findings were confirmed by biopsy or clinical follow-up. Results: Among 4 patients with equivocal metastatic lesions on CDS, 3 had 6 hypermetabolic lesions on FDG-PET, which were confirmed as metastasis and subsequently LTs were cancelled. Of these, 5 lesions were initially negative on CDS. Remained 1 patient underwent LT with a negative FDG-PET result. Among 22 patients without metastasis on CDS, 5 had 7 hypermetabolic lesions on FDG-PET. One of these patients proved to have 2 metastatic lesions, and LT was cancelled. The other 4 patients had S hypermetabolic lesions on FDG-PET, which were confirmed as benign lesions, and 3 patients of them underwent LT. In summary, FDG-PET was useful in avoiding 4 unwarranted LT by detecting unsuspected metastatic lesions on CDS. A total of 17 patients underwent LT. In comparison with pathology, the sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET for detecting viable primary liver cancer were 55.6% (5/9) and 87.5% (7/8), respectively. Conclusion: FDG-PET can detect additional hidden metastasis and contribute to reducing unwarranted LT in the patients with primary liver cancer.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.158-177
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• 2023

An estuary is a transitional water area that links the land and sea through rivers and streams, transporting various components from the land to the sea, which plays an important role in determining primary productivity in the coastal environment, and this coastal ecosystem captures a huge amount of carbon into biomass, known as blue carbon, which mitigates climate change as a potential carbon reservoir. This study examined the variation of mean grain size and organic carbon content of the surface sediments for 6 years and analyzed their relationship in the western and southern estuarine areas (Han River Estuary, Geum River Estuary, Yeongsan River Estuary, Seomjin River Estuary, and Nakdong River Estuary) and the East Sea upwelling area. During the sampling period (2015 to 2020), seasonal variation of both properties was not observed, because their variations might be controlled by diverse oceanographic environments and hydrographic conditions within each survey area. However, despite the synoptic problem of all samples, the positive relationship was obtained between the averages of mean grain size and organic carbon content, which clearly distinguishes each survey area. The unique positive relationship in all estuarine areas implies that the same process by sediment clay particles is important in the organic carbon accumulation. However, additional important factor may be expected in the organic carbon accumulation in the East Sea upwelling area. Further necessary data (sedimentation rate, dry bulk density etc) should be required for the estimation of carbon stock to evaluate the major estuaries in Korea as potential carbon reservoirs in the coastal environment.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2008

We report on the measurements of absorption spectra from acetylene ($^{12}C_2H_2$) and hydrogen cyanide ($H^{13}C^{14}N$) for wavelength reference in the C-band (conventional band) region using a supercontinuum optical source generated from a mode-locked $Cr^{4+}$:YAG laser. The center wavelength of the mode-locked $Cr^{4+}$:YAG laser was 1510 nm and the pulse duration was 75 fs at 100 MHz repetition rate. The supercontinuum source achieved a flatness of ${\pm}5dB$ over a wavelength range of more than 400 nm, using a 20 m long photonic crystal fiber. The measured absorption spectra from acetylene ($^{12}C_2H_2$) and hydrogen cyanide ($H^{13}C^{14}N$) had more than 50 lines and were analyzed for wavelength standardization.