• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.277-279
• /
• 1976

A potentiometric titration method has been developed for the titration of copper with 2,5-dimercapo-1,3,4-thiadizole in aqueous solution using a silver electrode as an indicator electrode vs. the standard calomel electrode as a reference electrode. The 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole is very sensitive reagent for copper, which has been found to be highly selective for potentiometric determination of copper. Direct titration of trace amount of copper (0.02${\sim}$0.1 mg) is possible in the presence of a number of foreign ions in aqueous solution containing potassium hydrogen phthalate and sodium fluoride as masking agent under atmosphere.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.128-133
• /
• 2021

During titration, several chemical reactions result in changes not only in the potential of chemicals, but also in the colors of the indicator. In a potentiometric titration, a titration curve is obtained by measuring the abrupt change in the potential at the endpoint. Generally, acid-base titration is performed by observing the color change caused by an indicator to determine the endpoint. The method of determining the endpoint by measuring the potential difference has been well established and commercialized; however, the devices that can obtain the endpoint by observing the color change are limited. Consequently, in this study, a simple and precise spectral endpoint detector was manufactured using a drop-counter comprising an infrared emitter and a phototransistor, a white light LED as the light source and photodetector, and an analog-to-digital converter (Arduino). Spectrator, a new named, showed excellent results in terms of the reproducibility of acid-base titration using thymol blue as an indicator. Herein, we present the results of the Spectrator-manufacturing process as well as the experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.206-211
• /
• 1976

Equilibria equations, applicable to solvent of low dieletric constant, were derived for potentiometric neutralization titration. Effects of salt and solvent were studied in potentiometric neutralization titration using ethylenediamine as solvent. Good agreement was observed between theory and experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.128-132
• /
• 1978

The potentiometric end-point of redox titrations determined by nulling the second derivative of the titration curve by numerical differentiation method is analyzed by using an electronic digital computer. The error involved in the method is shown to be dependent on the location of the equivalence point in the titrant addition increment that encompasses the latter. The error increases as the equivalence point moves away from the mid-point of the increment toward a maximum value that is as great as a half of the increment. Therefore, when the numerical differentiation method is used to null the second derivative, the end-point should be compared with the steepest point of the titration curve or diluted titrant should be used in the vicinity of the end-point.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.871-875
• /
• 1999

We calculated the characteristics of a phosphoric cation exchanger and studied on an accurately computable method to determine the ion exchange capacity for type of potentiometric titration curve. The ion exchanger was prepared by phosphorylation of a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with 4% crosslinking. The ion exchange capacity is 5.7 meq/g. The experimental pK values versus ${\mathit{x}}$ in phosphoric cation exchanger can be expressed as a linear equation. The ${\Delta}pK$ values were obtained from the slope of linear equation. The ${\Delta}pK$ values are the differences of antilogarithms(pK) values of the apparent equilibrium constant at complete and zeroth neutralization of the ion exchanger. Also the experimental pK values at ${\mathit{x}}=0.5$ were accorded well with theoretical data. And when it is titrated with NaOH and $Ba(OH)_2$ solutions, a good agreement between experimental and theoretical pK values for various ${\mathit{x}}$ was seen in all the potentiometric titration curves. We knew that the inflection point of potentiometric titration curve in the case of divalent ions are changed much large than that for monovalent ions. If the relation between g values and ${\partial}pH/{\partial}g$ was plotted to the Lorentz distribution curve, ion exchange capacity can be accurately evaluated.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 1967

An exact expression of the titration fraction as a function of the potential is derived for the cases where the coefficients of the both half reactions involved in the titration are homogeneous. It shows that the potential is independent of the concentration of the reagents not only at the equivalence point but also at all titration fractions. The sharpness of the end point detection by potentiometric method is shown to depend not only on the difference of the normal potentials involved but also strongly on the number of electrons transferred in each half reaction. The inflexion point of the potentiometric titration curve is shown to be slightly off from the equivalence point, including the cases where the number of electrons involved are equal. Completeness of the reaction in the course of titration is analyzed, too, mostly in terms of equilibrium constant, thus most of the results are applicable to any type of equilibrium in a single phase with particular relationship of coefficients of chemical equation.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 2001

충북 영동군 동창광산에서 산출되는 일라이트(illite)광선의 표면화학특성을 전위차 적정 실험과 FITEQL3.2 프로그램을 이용하여 연구하였다. 정량 Xtjs 회절 분석에 의한 일라이트 광석의 광물조석은 석영 46.6% 일라이트 41.6% 카올리나이트(kaolinite) 11.8%이며 $N_2$BET 방법에 의하여 구한 비표면적은 $6.52 m^2$g이다. 전위차 적정 실험결과를 그란(Gran)법을 적용하여 구한 일라이트광석의 영전하점($pH_{pznpc}$ )은 pH 3.9 총표면 자리 밀도는 21.24 sites/$nm^2$이다. 표면 복합체 모델중 일정 용량 모델을 적용해 일라이트 광석의 표변 특성에 알맞는 모델을 찾아보았다. 일라이트 광석의 표면을 사면체 자리와 팔면체 자리로 나누어 설정한 2sites$-3pK_{ a}$s 모델은 변수값이 수렴되지않았으므로 부적절하다고 판단된다. 일라이트 광석의 표면을 하나의 균질한 흡착표면으로 가정해서 설정한 1 site -1 $K_{a}$ 와 1 site -2 $pK_{a}$ s 모델 사이에는 뚜렷한 차이는 없지만, 1 site -1 $pK_{a}$ 모델의 WSOS/DF 값이 17, 1 site - 2 $pK_a{s}$ 모델은 26으로서 앞 모델이 보다 적절하다. 이 결과는 일라이트 광석 표면에서 수소의 해리와 첨가 반응 중 첨가 반응을 무시하여도 표면반응을 설명하는 데 큰 무리가 없음을 시사한다. 가장 적절하다고 판단되는 1 site -1 $pK_{a}$ 모델의 $pK_{a}$ 값은 4.17, specific capacitance는 $6F/m^2$ 표면 자리 농도는 $1.15\Times10^{-3}$ mol/L 이다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.885-892
• /
• 2004

Peroxide values (PV) of fat from fallow up formula were determined using redox-potentiometric titration method and standard method, which is based on KI oxidation by hydroperoxides and volumetric titration of liberated iodine, and their uncertainties were compared. Uncertainty sources in measurement, such as sample weight, sodium thiosulfate concentration, and titer, were identified and used as parameters for combined standard uncertainty based on Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement and Draft EURACHEM/CITAC Guide. Analytical results and combined standard uncertainties of peroxide values (PV) determined by standard burette and potentiometric titrations were $2.05{\pm}0.17\;and\;1.96{\pm}0.07\;meq/kg$, respectively, suggesting potentiometric titration method is suitable for determining PV of fat with low PV, because uncertainty of PV determination obtained by potentiometric titration was lower than that obtained by burette titration.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.160-171
• /
• 1993

Surface charge characteristics of Ultisol(Luisiana soil from Philippines), Alfisol(Maahas soil from Philippines), and Inceptisol(Yongii soil from Korea) were studied by way of potentiometric titration, backtitration technique, and ion adsorption method(or CEC - AEC method). The PZNC(point of zero net charge) values determined by ion adsorption method were much lower than the natural pHs in all soils, indicating that all soil samples bore net negative surface charge. The PZSE (point of zero salt effect) values determined by potentiometric titration and backtitration technique were identical in Luisiana and Yongii soils but not in Maaghas soil. All soils showed higher PZSE values than PZNC values probably due to the influence of permanent negative charge. The permanent charge calculated by the theory of Uehara and Gillman (1980) occupied quite low portion of the CEC measured at pH 7 in all soils. Backtitration technique corrected errors of potentiometric titration at extreme pH. However, it still overestimate the surface charge compared with ion adsorption method. Therefore, the ion adsorption method was recommanded for the surface charge measurement of the usual soils which have high negative charge components.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 1985

Construction of a liquid membrane type of cupric ion selective electrode and its application to the potentiometric titration have been studied. A liquid ion-exchange membrance was prepared by extracting Cu(II) in aqueous solution into 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol/nitrobenzene. A Ag/AgCl internal reference electrode was dipped into the aqueous reference solution of $1.00 {\times} 10^{-3}M\;Cu(NO_3)_2$ buffered with HAc-NaAc buffer solution, which was in contact with the nitrobenzene extract. The electrode showed the nernstian response to Cu(II) in the concentration range from $1.00{\times} 10^{-6}$ to $1.00{\times} 10^{-3}$M. The most suitable ion-exchanger concentration in the liquid membrane was $1.00{\times} 10^{-4}$M. The selectivity coefficients of the electrode for the various metal cations were investigated. The electrode was applied to the potentiometric titration of Cu(II) with EDTA.