• 소성∙가공
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2000

This paper is concerned with the family of parts that generally feature a central hub with radial protrusions. Radial Extrusion is usually used in order to produce complex parts, which is combined with upsetting and/or forward and backward extrusion. Typical parts that fall into this category include cross pieces for universal joints, key-shaft type parts, tube fittings, and differential gears. In this paper, the forming characteristics of radial extrusion combined with forward extrusion is investigated by comparing the punch and mandrel loads. The design factors during radial extrusion combined with forward extrusion are applied to the simulation to see how much those factors have effect on the forming loads. The rigid-plastic FEM is applied to the simulation.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.93-104
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• 1991

Limit analysis is based on the duality theorem which equates the least upper bound to the greatest lower bound. In this study, limit analysis of axisymmetric forming problem with workhardening materials is formulated by minimizing the upper bound functional and finite element program is developed for forward estrusion. Limit loads, velocity and flow line fields are directly obtained under various process conditions and deformation characteristics such as strains, strain rates and grid distortion are obtained from the optimum velocity components by numerical calculation. The experimental observation was carried out for extrusion and compared with computed results. The good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is shown that the developed programming is very effective for the analysis of axisymmetric extrusion.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.582-587
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• 2003

This paper is concerned with the mechanical property changes of the milli-size products manufactured by forward extrusion processes with square dies. Experiments are carried out with pure aluminum and pure copper billets. Extrusion ratio and knock-out pad are chosen as the important process parameters affecting the changes of mechanical properties such as shear strength and hardness. Shear strength tests with the extruded milli-size pin have shown the strong relation between victors hardness and shear strength in the neck of a stepped pin. As the extrusion ratio increases, the hardness on both the surface and the center line of a pin also increase. It is also noted that the hardness on the surface is a little higher than that on the center. The existence of knock-out pad in extrusion die causes the hardness in the neck of a extruded pin to increase. Finally, the approximated linear relations between shear strength and hardness of a pin are suggested.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2000

A impeller hub is usually made through three forging processes : forward extrustion, upsetting and finishing. The finishing process is closed die forging in which the load increases abruptly at the final stage, resulting in underfilling in the finished product due to insufficient load capacity of the press. In this study, the rigid-plastic finite element analysis was applied to the impeller hub forging process in order to optimize process and to estimate required load. As a result, two kind of improvements for the process were suggested to reduce the load requirement in the finishing process.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.584-588
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• 1997

Lots of forginfs used in automobile and aerospce industries are made in hot or cold working conditions, depending on the size and shape of a product. Usually the die design for new items has been first made on the basis of experiences and many know-hows accumulated in the company and then slightly modified through trial and error method to get the desired forgings without defects. Most of drawings at the die design stage have been manually drawn, butrecently some of forging companies have begun to apply a computer-aided drafting technique to the die design for reducing drafting time as well as repeatedly utilizing standardized parts form registerd data base. In this paper the automated die design technique for forward extrusion of axisymmetric forgings is developed by using AutoLISP language. For this study the representative die system is determined form the investigation of several types of forging dies being currently employed in the metal forming field and the design rules for cold extrusion die are summarized and programmed on a personal computer. A few design examples of forward extrusion die are given and discusses.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.977-982
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• 2015

This study uses finite element analysis to evaluate the forming load of tool entrance angle of the cold forward extrusion molding process of helical gear; this can replace the spur gear applied to the Electronic Parking Brake (EPB) system. A cold forging process is often used in the automobile industry as well as in various industrial machines due to its high efficiency. Finite element analysis is frequently used when interpreting results of the forging process. Formality was evaluated by calculating tooth profile filling rate of helical gear. Change in required forming load was investigated when the entrance angle of forward extrusion tool die was changed from $30^{\circ}$ to $60^{\circ}$, also by finite element analysis. We suggest suitable tool entrance angles.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 1996년도 제6회 학술강연회논문집
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• pp.219-226
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• 1996

일반적으로 밀폐 형단조공정에서 약 10,000톤의 성형력이 필요한 직경이 540mm인 플랜지 형태의 알루미늄 7175 합금 단조품을 2,500톤 프레스에서 단조하기 위한 공정연구를 하였다. 장비의 성형력 부족을 극복하기 위하여 업셋단조와 기계가공 및 전방압출을 조합한 복합성형공정을 제안하였으며, 복합공정은 실제재료를 이용한 $\frac{1}{4}$ 축소 모델 실험과 유한 요소 해석으로 그 타당성이 판단되었고, 선정된 프레스에서 실물 크기의 플랜지 단조 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 유변학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1992

전방향족 에스테르계 열방성 액정중합체(LCP) 벡트라(Vectra)와 폴리카보네이트 (PC)를 무게비 30/70으로 구성한 고분자 블렌드를 확장되는 다이를 통하여 압출한후 압출쉬 트의 탄성 및 점탄성 특성을 만능시험기(UTM)와 동적기계적 스펙트로터(RDS)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 블렌드의 기계적 특성은 기지재인 PC의 ductility에도 불구하고 순수 LCP보다 도 더 brittle하였다. 그러나 탄성률이나 인장강도 모두 PC보다 훨씬 높게 나타나 보강효과 가 확인되었다. 이러한 보강효과는 복합계 내부에서 스스로 형성된 직경 2~10$\mu$m 정도의 거대 섬유소 그리고 거대 섬유소는 다시 직경 0.05$\mu$m 정도의 미세섬유로서 구성된 형태학 적 특성으로 설명될수 있었다. 한편 블렌드의 점탄성 거동은 마치 entanglement coupling이 높은 계의 특성과 비슷하였으며 시편의 위치에 따른 특성변화는 관찰되지 않았고 순수산 LCP의 점탄성 특성과 아주 유사하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.452-462
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• 1985

본 논문에서는 금형의 형상과 단면 감소율등이 이에 미치는 영향을 조사하였 다. 이론과의 비교를 위해서 풀림처리된 특수강 소재인 SCM4로 실험을 행하였다. 압출하중은 로드셀(loadcell)로 측정하였으며 수치계산에서 구해진 속도장과 실제속도 장의 차이를 살펴보기 위해서 시편단면에 포토에칭(photoetching)한 압출시킬 시편의 그리드변형을 강소성유한요소법으로 계산한 그리드패턴과 비교 검토하였다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.323-336
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• 2003

최근 얕은 심도를 가지는 연약한 지반에서의 터널 굴착이 요구됨에 따라 터널보강공법의 변화가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 불량한 지반을 대상으로 한 도심지 터널에서 일반적으로 무시되는 전방 코어의 변형을 제어할 수 있는 막장 수펑보강의 효율성을 평가함으로서 터널의 안정성 향상 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 즉, 막장전방의 체계적인 사전보강으로 막장자체의 안정성을 향상시키며, 부수적으로 최종 천단변위 및 지표침하와 같은 지반거동을 억제할 수 있다. 막장의 수평보강 방법을 적용한 3차원 수치해석을 이용하여 지반조건 및 보강 조건에 따른 터널 거동 변화를 산정할 수 있었다. 결과적으로, 막장 수평보강후 막장 압출변위는 크게 줄어들며, 막장전방에 대한 보강공법과 병행할 경우 그 효과가 증가되었다. 특히, 불량한 지반일 수록 막장보강에 의한 지반거동 억제효과가 크게 나타나게 된다.