• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.2741-2744
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 전기 전정 자극(GVS, Galvanic vestibular stimulation)이 일측 전정 기능 소실 환자에게서 정상인과 어떠한 특이성을 보이는가에 대하여 관찰하였다. 실험대상은 14 명(남:5, 여:9)의 일측 전정 기능 소실 환자(경와우절제술 12 례, 전정신경 절제술 2 례)로 자극 방법은 bipolar 로 하여 전류 세기를 1mA에서 3mA 까지 달리하며 실험하였다. GVS 에 대한 반응은 영상 안진기(VOG, Videooculograrh)를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 정상 기능이 있는 측면으로의 자극에 대해서는 정상인과 동일한 반응을 보였으나 일측 전정 기능 소실(unilateral loss)을 갖는 환자의 경우 병변이 있는 쪽에 음의 자극, 없는 쪽에 양의 자극을 가하였을 경우에는 대상자 모두에게서 어떠한 안진 반응도 일어나지 않았다. 자극 후 안진의 경우 정상인은 일반적으로 나타나지 않으나 피검자들에게서는 나타나는 특성을 보였다.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.487-496
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• 2001

In this study, a galvanic stimulator providing bipolar mode controlled by a PIC(peripheral interface controller) was constructed to evaluate vestibular function The maximum load and maximum current intensity of the constant current source were 3$k\Omega$ and 5mA. respectively. and it could Produce DC, sine wavers. or Pulse waves. Eve movements of 20 normal subjects by galvanic stimulation were analyzed using a commercial videooculogragh. During stimulating with DC for 30 sec. we recorded the response of eye movement with current intensity of 0.75. 1 2, and 3 mA. Nystagmus occurred to all the subjects when the galvanic stimulus intensity was larger than 2 mA. Average SPV(slow Phase eye movement velocity) and the number of nystagmus increased from 7.1 to 4.8 deg/sec and from 17 to 48, respectively, when the stimulus current increased from 0.75 to 3 mA. All the fast eye movement of the nystagmus were the direction of the negative electrode. The asymmetry which means the difference between right- and left-eye movements decreased when the stimulus intensity increased. It is expected that this study would be useful in evaluating vestibular function and in studying basic Physiology mechanism of vestibular ocular reflex by galvanic stimulus .

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05b
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• pp.808-811
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• 2012

매년 높은 비율의 전기안전사고가 발생하지만 예방교육은 단순한 영상홍보나 단순 텍스트를 이용한 교육 수준에서 주입식으로 이루어지고 있다. 항공, 군사, 전력산업 등 다양한 분야에서는 가상현실을 이용한 체험형 교육 시스템이 개발되어 운영되지만 전기안전 예방교육은 감전사고와 같은 특수한 상황의 체험과 사고를 유발시킬 수 있다는 측면에서 체험형 교육시스템이 개발 및 적용이 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전기감전 체험교육 시스템에 저주파 자극 장치를 사용할 수 있도록 저주파 간섭형 자극기를 이용한 인체 자극의 임계값 산출시험을 실시하고 대표적으로 성별, 연령별(아동 및 성인 구분)로 구분하여 적절한 자극값을 산출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 전기안전사고 예방을 위한 체험형 예방 교육 시스템에 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4768-4772
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• 2012

To prevent electric shock accidents, an experience education is more effective than indoctrination education. But an electric shock experience education system required a proper physical stimulation on human body to experience electric shock. This paper experiment threshold values of a human body by using Interferential Current Type Low Frequency Stimulator in order to apply to an electric shock experience education system. And the proper stimulation values are calculated according to age (divided child and adult) and gender. Results of this study could be applied to an electric shock experience education system.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.4418-4426
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• 2010

Muscle fatigue often induces deterioration of postural balance and muscle contraction, such as strength or maximal voluntary contraction(MVC). This study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation(TENS) applied to the fatigued muscles on postural imbalance and decline in muscle strength following fatigue of triceps surae. For the 4 months from March, 2010, twenty healthy subjects without vestibular disease and visual disturbance were recruited and induced muscle fatigue of triceps surea performed by repeated voluntary contraction. TENS was applied to gastocnemius immediately after development of muscle fatigue. Postural sway length, velocity and MVC were recorded under these conditions: pre-fatigue, post-fatigue, and TENS application to fatigued muscle during post-fatigue. Muscle fatigue increased postural imbalance as expressed by sway length and velocity and decreased muscle contraction(p<.05), while TENS improved the postural imbalance and MVC following muscle fatigue during stance(p<.05). The results suggested that fatigue on plantar flexor is associated with postural balance and muscle contraction, and TENS application to fatigued muscle was effective in improving postural imbalance and decline in muscle strength following muscle fatigue. TENS will be an effective method in exercise, working environment and daily life.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2004

In experimental method, this study was that galvanic vestibular stimulation in vestibular system influenced the excitability of spinal neuron through. H-reflex was measured by galvanic vestibular stimulation of binaural(right-negative pole and left-positive pole) at left head turning and prone position in sixteen normal subjects in their twenties age were selected. The summary of the comparison results were obtained below. 1. In the change of H reflex according to galvanic vestibular stimulation(GVS), Hmax amplitude(p<.05) increased significantly after stimulation. 2. In the change of H reflex according to galvanic vestibular stimulation(GVS), Hmax/Mmax ratio(p<.05) increased significantly after stimulation. In the conclusion, galvanic vestibular stimulation influenced the excitability of vestibulospinal tract and spinal neuron.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation following ULX in rats. Electrical stimulation (ES) with square pulse ($100{\sim}300uA$, 1.0 ms, 100 Hz) was applied to ampullary portion bilaterally for 6 and 24 hours in rats receiving ULX. After ES, animals that showed the recovery of vestibular symptoms by counting and comparing the number of spontaneous nystagmus were selected for recording resting activity of type I, II neurons in the medial vestibular nuclei (MVN) of the lesioned side. And then the dynamic neuronal activities were recorded during sinusoidal rotation at a frequency of 0.1 Hz and 0.2 Hz. The number of spontaneous nystagmus was significantly different 24 hours (p<0.01, n=10), but not 6 hours after ULX+ES. As reported by others, the great reduction of resting activity only in the type I neurons ipsilateral to lesioned side was observed 6, 24 hours after ULX compared to that of intact labyrinthine animal. However, the significant elevation (p<0.01) of type I and reduction (p<0.01) of type II neuronal activity were seen 24 hours after ULX+ES. Interestingly, gain, expressed as maximum neuronal activity(spikes/sec)/maximum rotational velocity(deg/sec), was increased in type I cells and decreased in type II cells 24 hours after ULX+ES in response to sinusoidal rotation at frequencies of both 0.1 Hz and 0.2 Hz. This result suggests that accompanying the behavioral recovery, the electrical stimulation after ULX has beneficial effects on vestibular compensation, especially static symptoms (spontaneous nystagmus), by enhancing resting activity of type I neurons and reducing that of type II neurons.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07b
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• pp.1027-1030
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to develop systematic diagnostic system testing easily, rapidly vestibular function of patients suffered from vestibular syndrome such as nausea vomiting, dizzness, ataxia. Diagnostic system composed of rotatory chair system which rotated sinusoidally patients against their vertical axis for purpose of invoking eye movement by vestibulo-ocular reflex and the softwares which storaged eye movement into computer and analyzed eye movement. Rotatory chair system consisted of comfortable chair and DC servomotor with reducer(1:80) by controlled servo in field of nonlinear motor control, double feedback loops system containing velocity feedback loop and position feedback loop was applied to this sever controlled rotatory chair system. Maximum rotatory velocity of rotatory chair was upto 60 degree per second and frequency range was 0.01 to 0.64 Hz. These above results suggest that clinical rotatory chair system may test easily, rapidly vestibular function and diagnose etiology of dizziness, thus giving effective assistance on the treatment of dizziness patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 1997

Unilateral labyrinthectorny (ULX) causes autonomic symptoms, ocular and postural asymmetries, which disappear over tune in the process of equilibrium recovery known as vestibular compensation. In the present study in order to elucidate mechanisms responsible for the effects of electrical stimulation on vestibular compensation and investigate the relationship between vestibular compensation and c-Fos expression in the medial vestibular nuclei following ULX, we measured spontaneous nystagmus, eye movement induced by sinusoidal rotation and c-Fos expression or to 72 hs after ULX in Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental animals were divided into two groups: ULX group with ULX only, and electrical stimulation (ES) group with electrical stimulation of $-2{\sim}-5V$, 1.0ms, 100 Hz to the lesioned vestibular system for 4 hs/day. Spontaneous nystagmus following ULX disappeared by 72 hs in ULX group and 36 hs in ES group. In eye movement induced by sinusoidal rotation, normal pattern of eye movement by rotation toward the lesioned side was recovered 24 hs after ULX at rotation of 0.1 Hz and 6 hs after at 0.2 Hz, 0.5 Hz in ULX group. In ES group, the eye movement recovered after 12 hs at 0.1 Hz, 6 hs at 0.2 Hz, and 4 hs at 0.5 Hz. Directional Preponderance which represents the symmetry of bilateral vestibular functions showed significantly early recovery in ES group compared with that of ULX group. Expression or c-Fos immunoreactive cells in the bilateral medial vestibular nuclei was severely asymmetrical till 36 hs in ULX group, and then it became a symmetry and disappeared after 72 hs. However, ES group showed the symmetry of c-Fos expression after 6 hs, which was significantly early recovery in 25 group. All these findings suggest that electrical stimulation ameliorates recovery of vestibuloocular reflex following ULX by the restoration of the balance of the resting activity between bilateral medial vestibular nuclei. In addition, c-Fos expression in the medial vestibular nuclei could be used as a marker of vestibular compensation since c-Fos expression is closely related to the course of recovery following ULX.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2005

This study had performed with purposes to analyze the influence of the change of vestibular sens, visual and proprioceptive sense to the postural sway, so as to supply the necessary clinical materials through developing the physical therapeutic interventions and assessment format for the diabetic neuropathy patients. The sample consisted of fifteen diabetic neuropathy patients with sensory disorder in their lower limbs and fifteen age-matched normal control group. Then the effect of the GVS and the visual cue open and closed to the postural sway were measured by CoP. The summary of the comparison results were obtained below. In the comparison of diabetes neuropathy patients group and age matched normal control group, however diabetes neuropathy patients group had a decrease in superficial tactile sense(p<.001) and nerve conduction velocity(p<.001), they were able to control the posture and walk. So it is, diabetes neuropaty patients had more disturbance compared with AMC group on at a hard surface, particularly in the visual cue open(p<.001) and visual cue closed(p<.01). Moreover, since diabetes neuropathy patients group had more differences in visual cue open and closed(p<. 01), GVS(p<.01), it meant that they're affected largely by vestibular sense, visual sense. In addition, since there're the largest change in doubled sense disturbance such as visual cue open and closed under GVS, it meant that compensation of other senses were quite important for the diabetes neuropathy patients' postural control. In the conclusion, diabetes neuropathy patients who decrease or lose the somatosensory system, sensory training of visual and vestibular system are likely to be quite essential to control the posture and balance.