• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2006

In this study on the recipe for Yakgwa in Jeonbuk province, a survey of the ingredients, the quantity and the recipe for Yakgwa were conducted by an interview with the notable maker of it in 9 regions ; Jeonju, Imshil, Jangsu, Jeongup, Namwon(Samaemyeon & Dukgwamyeon), Wanju, Gochang, Iksan, away from each other. The hardness testing and the sensory evaluation of Yakgwa were carried out to compare with the control group and Jeonbuk Yakgwa. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. Common ingredients of Yakgwa examined in 9 regions were flour, sesame oil or soybean oil, honey or sugar, ginger juice, alcoholic drinks and etc. The quantity of oil (sesame or soybean) per kilogram of flour was as follows between one-half and one cup of oil, between one and three cups of honey or sugar, between one-half and one cup of ginger juice and between one-half and one cup of alcoholic drinks. Making of Yakgwa in Jeonju and Imshil area, knead flour with the liquid ingredients which are mixed together before. In other areas, after sifting the mixed flour with sesame oil, and then knead the remaining with the sifted. 2. The result of the hardness testing of Yakgwa was that it is higher in this order, Iksan, Imshil, the control group, Jeongup, Jeonju. With while the difference of syrup used in each of them, the result of hardness testing in the same order shows that the component of Yakgwa has more great effect on the hardness than a kind of syrup on which the result by using syrup before&after cooking. And in the sensory evaluation, the surface color of Iksan Yakgwa was the most bright of all, and the shininess was of Imshil and the control group, the cracked level, the softness, the sweet taste and the oily taste of Jeonju Yakgwa was better than other Also, the overall preference, though less meaningful, was same result.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.88-93
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• 2018

In this study, damaged composite laminates were repaired by a stepped patch repair method using halloysite nanotube(HNT) and milled carbon(MC) reinforced composite materials with different amount of the particles. And the mechanical and structural effects of the particles on the interface between the damaged and repair surfaces were analyzed. At this time, after exposing them to a harsh environment of high temperature and humidity for a long time, the recovery rate of the material properties relative to the material forming the damaged plate was compared. As a result, at $70^{\circ}C$ high temperature distilled water, the hygroscopicity of the HNT/GFRP composites was significantly different from that of the MC/GFRP composites. Especially, 0.5, 1 wt. % HNT was added, the moisture absorption rate was the lowest and this was the factor that contributed to the mechanical strength increase. On the other hand, MC showed a high hygroscopic resistance only with a small amount, and the strength was different according to the action direction of the load, and the addition amount was also different.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.801-824
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• 2019

As becoming an aging society, there is a rising interest on dementia. But Dementia prevention program, executed at the national level, is in insufficient state. In this study, to design and diffuse Dementia prevention program, this study conduct Cognition improvement program and evaluate cognitive function in aspects of Discrimination, Organization, Thinking, Memorizing, and Concentration capacity. So that this study try to investigate how this Cognition improvement program will affect in detail to cognitive function in senior people. This study designed Silver Cognition program for 5 aspects of cognitive function; Discrimination, Organization, Thinking, and Concentration capacity. And this studyrecruited experimental group with control group, and conducted the program to them for 3 months. At the start and the end of the program, this study evaluated their MMSE-DS score, Geriatric depression scale, Quality of life score, and cognitive function test score by survey. Finally, this study compared and analyzed these first and second score to find the effects of this program to cognitive function. As the results compared between first and second score of MMSE-DS test, Geriatric depression scale, Quality of life scale, and cognitive function test, Silver Cognition program has a significant effects to improve cognitive function, MMSE-DS score and Geriatric depression scale. As the results of the test on cognitive function in 5 aspects, cognitive function is more improved in the order of Memorizing, Thinking, Concentration, Discrimination, and Organization capacity. After the Silver Cognition program, Memorizing and Thinking capacity have most improvement. But aging of brain function is faster in these two capacity, so if more concentrated education is conducted for these two capacity, then it will bring better effects for prevention of dementia.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2008

Purpose: At the beginning of PET/CT, Computed Tomography was mainly used only for Attenuation Correction (AC), but as the performance of the CT have been increase, it could give improved diagnostic information with Contrast Media. But it was controversial that Contrast Media could affect AC on PET/CT scan. Some submitted thesis' show that Contrast Media could overestimate when it is for AC data processing. On the contrary, the opinion that Contrast Media could be possible to affect the alteration of SUV because of the overestimated AC. But it does not have a definite effect on the diagnosis. Thus, the affection of Contrast Media on AC was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Patient inclusion criteria required a history of a malignancy and performance of an integrated PET/CT scan and contrast- enhanced CT scan within a 1-day period. Thirty oncologic patients who had PET/CT scan from December 2007 to June 2008 underwent staging evaluation and met these criteria. All patients fasted for at least 6 hr before the IV injection of approximately 5.6 MBq/kg (0.15 mCi/kg) of $^{18}F$-FDG and were scanned about 60 min after injection. All patients had a whole body PET/CT performed without IV contrast media followed by a contrast-enhanced CT on the Discovery STe PET/CT scanner. CT data were used for AC and PET images came out after AC. The ROIs drew and measured SUV. A paired t-test of these results was performed to assess the significance of the difference between the SUV obtained from the two attenuation corrected PET images. Results: The mean and maximum Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) for different regions averaged over all Patients. Comparing before using Contrast Media and after using, Most of ROIs have the increased SUV when it did Contrast Enhanced CT compare to Non-Contrast enhanced CT. All regions have increased SUV and also their p value was under 0.05 except the mean SUV of the Heart region. Conclusion: In this regard, the effect on SUV measurements that occurs when a contrast-enhanced CT is used for attenuation correction could have significant clinical ramifications. But some submitted thesis insisted that the percentage change in SUV that can determine or modify clinical management of oncology patients is small. Because there was not much difference that could be discovered by interpreter. But obviously the numerical change was occurred and on the stage finding primary region, small change would be base line, such as the region of liver which has greater change than the other regions needs more attention.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.312-322
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of surface roughness on the surface color and translucency of the composite resins. Two composite resins (Esthet-X, Dentsply, Milford, USA and Charisma, Kulzer, Domagen, Germany) were used to investigate the surface color. Charisma was used to investigate the translucency. 40 disc samples (diameter: 8 mm, thickness: 5 mm) were made by each product to measure the surface color. Polymerized each sample's one side was treated by Sof-Lex finishing and polishing system (Group C, M, F, SF). 40 disc samples (diameter: 6 mm, thickness: 1 mm) were prepared to measure the opacity. 1 mm samples were ground one side with #600, #1000, #1500 and #2000 sandpapers. CIE $L^{*}a^{*}b^{*}$ values of each 5 mm thickness samples, and XYZ values of 1 mm thickness samples on the white and black background were measured with spectrophotometer (Spectrolino, GretagMacbeth, Regensdorf, Switzerland). Mean surface roughness (Ra) of all samples before and after surface treatment was measured using the Surface Roughness Tester SJ-301 (Mytutoyo, Tokyo, Japan). Regardless of type and shade of the composite resin, $L^{*}$ values measured in group C were higher than others (p < 0.05), and $L^{*}$ value decreased as the Ra value decreased except B3 shade of Esthet-X. But there were no significant difference in $a^{*}$ values among groups. In control group and SF, highest $b^{*}$ values were measured (p < 0.05), except B1 shade of Esthet-X. Contrast ratio decreased as the Ra value decreased (p < 0.05). With the above results, difference of surface roughness has influence on surface color and translucency of dental composite resins.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.45-64
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develope issue-centered teaching learning process plan for environment-friendly housing education and to apply it to the housing section of Technology Home Economics in a middle school. PRO-CON cooperative group model was used for the teaching learning process plans of 2-session lessons according to the ADDIE model. In the development stage, 7 activity materials and 20 teaching learning materials (4 reading texts, 12 pictures and photos, & 5 moving pictures) were developed for 2-session lessons. The plans applied to the 7 classes, 222 students, in the third grade of the G middle school in Gyeonggi-do during July 10th-17th, 2008. The results showed that the final pro-con was influenced by the rationals of juries' pro-con of each team and the representative's discussion besides one's environmental perspective. The intention to implement environment-friendly housing activities was significantly increased between before and after the lessons. The contents, methods, goals, and process of the 2-session lessons were evaluated over medium to somewhat higher levels. Those evaluations except methods and general satisfaction with the lessons were differed by sex, students' and their families' interests in environments but not by the type of housing. These results might support that pro-con cooperative group model of controversial issues on parking lot would be appropriate to environment-friendly housing lessons and could apply to broad issues on housing and various schools in other areas.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1998

Time-lapse crosswell seismic data, recorded before and after the cavity filling, showed that the filling increased the velocity at a known cavity zone in an old mine site in Inchon area. The seismic response depicted on the tomogram and in conjunction with the geologic data from drillings imply that the size of the cavity may be either small or filled by debris. In this study, I attempted to evaluate the filling effect by analyzing velocity measured from the time-lapse tomograms. The data acquired by a downhole airgun and 24-channel hydrophone system revealed that there exists measurable amounts of source statics. I presented a methodology to estimate the source statics. The procedure for this method is: 1) examine the source firing-time for each source, and remove the effect of irregular firing time, and 2) estimate the residual statics caused by inaccurate source positioning. This proposed multi-step inversion may reduce high frequency numerical noise and enhance the resolution at the zone of interest. The multi-step inversion with different starting models successfully shows the subtle velocity changes at the small cavity zone. The inversion procedure is: 1) conduct an inversion using regular sized cells, and generate an image of gross velocity structure by applying a 2-D median filter on the resulting tomogram, and 2) construct the starting velocity model by modifying the final velocity model from the first phase. The model was modified so that the zone of interest consists of small-sized grids. The final velocity model developed from the baseline survey was as a starting velocity model on the monitor inversion. Since we expected a velocity change only in the cavity zone, in the monitor inversion, we can significantly reduce the number of model parameters by fixing the model out-side the cavity zone equal to the baseline model.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.362-366
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic a information on feed value and fermentative quality of whole crop barley with different harvesting time and making method. As a result, in case of feed value, crude protein, NDF and ADF content were decreased with late harvest, but TDN was increased. In the silage, the results were similar and these patterns showed the same before and after the silage making. Thus, there was no significantly difference in bale and chopper. In case of fermentative quality, pH of the silages showed increasing with late harvesting time but the contents of organic acid did lower, and those tendencies were the same in both bale and chopper condition. But the lactic acid content were approximately 23 percent higher in chopped condition. In conclusion, ensiling at yellow ripe stage is better than other stages, chopped ensiling could improve fermentation quality.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to effects of the Participation in physical group occupational therapy on cognitive function, neuropsychiatric, social behavior in elderly with wandering dementia. Methods : Thirteen elderly with wandering dementia who live in nursing home in this study. Assessment tools were made by using Cognitive function scale(CFS), Algase Wandering Scale-V2(AWS-2), Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionaire(NPI-Q), social-behavioral function measure(SBFM). physical group occupational therapy performed for forty minute, once a week for 9weeks. the assessment tools were made twice: before, after the intervention. Results : Significant differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment were found in the AWS(p<0.05) score and SBFM(p<0.05) score, NPI-Q behabioral and psychological level(p<0.05) score. The cognitive function and neuropsychiatric number showed improvement. but score was not significantly(p>0.05) difference after physical group occupational therapy Conclusion : The findings suggest that the physical group occupational therapy used in this study may be helpful and effectiveness in elderly with wandering dementia, further studies with more subjects and longer treatment period, including will be performed to justify these findings.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2006

The first Japanese pilot-scale $CO_2$ sequestration project has been undertaken in an onshore saline aquifer, near Nagaoka in Niigata prefecture, and time-lapse well logs were carried out in observation wells to detect the arrival of injected $CO_2$ and to evaluate $CO_2$ saturation in the reservoir. $CO_2$ was injected into a thin permeable zone at the depth of 1110m at a rate of 20-40 tonnes per day. The total amount of injected $CO_2$ was 10400 tonnes, during the injection period from July 2003 to January 2005. The pilot-scale demonstration allowed an improved understanding of the $CO_2$ movement in a porous sandstone reservoir, by conducting time-lapse geophysical well logs at three observation wells. Comparison between neutron well logging before and after the insertion of fibreglass casing in observation well OB-2 showed good agreement within the target formation, and the higher concentration of shale volume in the reservoir results in a bigger difference between the two well logging results. $CO_2$ breakthrough was identified by induction, sonic, and neutron logs. By sonic logging, we confirmed P-wave velocity reduction that agreed fairly well with a laboratory measurement on drilled core samples from the Nagaoka site. We successfully matched the history changes of sonic P-wave velocity and estimated $CO_2$ saturation a(ter breakthrough in two observation wells out of three. The sonic-velocity history matching result suggested that the sweep efficiency was about 40%. Small effects of $CO_2$ saturation on resistivity resulted in small changes in induction logs when the reservoir was partially saturated. We also found that $CO_2$ saturation in the $CO_2$-bearing zone responded to suspension of $CO_2$ injection.