• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 2010

Purpose: $^{18}F$-FDG wholebody PET is to evaluate the tumor using glucose metabolism. The blood glucose level is important factor that affects on a result of examination. High glucose levels may interfere with tumor targeting due to competitive inhibition of FDG uptake by D-glucose. The blood glucose level measurement test strips used in the blood glucose measurement are classified into the capillary blood measurement test strips and general purpose measurement test strips that can measure the venous blood and capillary blood altogether depends on cases. The purpose of the study was to compare the blood glucose measurements between simultaneously obtained capillary and venous blood samples using the capillary blood measurement test strips, general purpose measurement test strips. Materials and Methods: A total of 46 subjects (32 males, 14 females) with a mean age of $57.3{\pm}12.3$ years were enrolled. The blood glucose estimation was performed with a Optium Xceed Glucometer (Abbott). Simultaneous capillary and venous blood samples were obtained from each subject. The blood glucose levels were measured using the capillary blood measurement test strips and general purpose measurement test strips. The capillary and venous measurements were compared using a pared t-test. Results: The mean capillary and venous glucose values using the general purpose measurement test strips were $95.2{\pm}12.4$ mg/dL and $104.1{\pm}14.4$ mg/dL, giving a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the mean values for the capillary and venous glucose samples (9.0 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI) -11.2 to -6.7). The mean capillary and venous glucose values using the capillary blood measurement test strips were $91.5{\pm}13.6$ mg/dL and $108.6{\pm}16.2$ mg/dL, giving a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the mean values for the capillary and venous glucose samples (16.6 mg/dL; 95% CI -20.2 to -13.0). Conclusion: When measuring the blood glucose level before $^{18}F$-FDG PET examination, since the incorrect blood glucose level can be measured, it should note to measure the blood glucose level of the venous blood by the capillary blood measurement test strips. Therefore the measurement variation can be reduced to fulfill the standardized measurement procedure with the suitable measurement test strips, the preparation of the PET examination will be able to be clearly confirmed. In addition, the standardized procedure of the following measurement on the area which is same at all times the blood area in the blood glucose measurement among a capillary or a vein will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 1989

This work was for the elucidation of heterogeneity in a natural population of Rhizobium japonicum existing in Seoul National University's Experiment Field and of sensitivities of R. japonicum isolates for several antibiotics by using a method based on intrinsic antibiotic resistance (IAR). In addition, the suitability of IAR method for the recognition of R. japonicum strain was elucidated. Twenty seven isolates from various soybean cultivars cultivated at SNU's Experiment Field were tested to 4 antibiotics (streptomycin sulphate, kanamycin sulphate, ampicillin, oxytetracycline);There were 21 different IAR patterns among 27 isolates. It demonstrated diverse distribution of R. japonicum strains in SNU's Experiment Field. Their growth was inhibited at from a low concentration of about $1{\mu}g/ml$ to a high concentration of $400{\mu}g/ml$ for streptomycin sulphate, ampicillin, and oxytetracyclin. For kanamycin sulphate, on the contrary, all 27 isolates showed their growth inhibitances at below the concentration of $12.5{\mu}g/ml$. Two isolates identified as different strains from each other by the previous seroimmunological tests showed the same sensitivities for 4 antibiotics, and it seemed that IAR method was not perfect for the exact recognition of R. japonicum strain.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.200-208
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to evaluate no-tillage cover crop cropping systems for organic farming in paddy. The experiment was performed at Ihyeon series (silt loam: 9.1% sand, 73.0% silt and 17.9% clay) which affected by different management practices. Planthopper population per 20 plant was significantly higher 65.3 for conventional tillage with chemical compounds (control) compared with 3.4~9.6 for no-tillage treatments (without rice straw or green manure, amended with rice straw, hairy vetch, rape, rye, and Chinese milk vetch). Also, disease severity of sheath blight was significantly higher 10.5% for control compared to 0.7~2.9% for no-tillage treatments. Four weed species, namely Monochoria vaginalis, Ludwigia prostrata, Rotala indica, and Aneilema keisak occurred in no-tillage paddy, whereas Monochoria vaginalis occurred in control only. The pH, available phosphate, and microbial biomass C in paddy were steeply decreased in response to submerging, but increased at first heading stage. Soil $NH_4$-N content at first heading stage was significantly higher in no-tillage treatments compared with control. The grain yield was significantly higher in 4.30 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for control than other treatments. Meanwhile, rice productivity was significantly higher in 2.69 Mg $ha^{-1}$ for no-tillage amended with Chinese milk vetch compared to other no-tillage treatments. The number of panicle per plant, grain number perpanicle, and percent ripened grain were highly related for increasing the yield of rice. These results show that Chinese milk vetch was optimum cover crop for organic farming in no-tillage paddy.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2005

With various Korean domestic soybeans, growth and yields analysis were conducted to select the suitable soybean cultivars for cultivation in paddy field. Distinctive aspects of the soybean growth were observed in paddy field such as retarded growth of top plants and roots, relatively higher T/R ratio followed by overgrowth of top plant. However, growth and yields were significantly different among the cultivars showing 134kg/10a in Paldokong and 385 kg/10a in Doremikong. At V5. and R2 stage, highly positive correlations $(r=0.76^{**}\~0.91^{**})$ were observed between leaf area and dry weight of top plant and/or root. T/R ratio was negatively correlated with dry weight of root $(r=-0.37^*)$ at V5 stage, while significantly correlated with leaf area $(r=-0.37^{**})$ and dry weight of top plant $(r=0.65^{**})$at R2 stage. Among the characters, only 100-seed weight was significantly correlated with yield. Considering the growth characters, 37 cultivars could be included in 3 different groups and genotypic properties such as maturity and growth habit were similar in each group. Nine cultivars in group 1 showed retarded growth from V5 to R2 stage, relatively lower T/R ratio, and good seed ripening. Average yields of the cultivers was 257kg/10a. In group 2, 12 cultivars showed higher T/R ratio due to overgrowth of top plant and lowest average yields (230 kg/l0a) due to poor seed ripening. Sixteen cultivars in group 3 grew fast from V5 to R2 stage representing late maturity traits, low T/R ratio, and good seed ripening. Average yields of the cultivars was highest among groups showing 270kg/l0a. In results, stable self-sufficiency of soybean yields could be expected by selective cultivation with high yielding cultivars ranging from 301 to 385kg/10a, such as Shinpaldalkong 2, Sohokong, Doremikong, Keumkangkong, Bukangkong, Dajangkong, and Geomjeongkong 2, or with cultivars included in group 3.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.642-649
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• 2011

Ginseng growth is largely affected by characteristics of soil in Ginseng field. In this study, we determined the critical ranges of physico-chemical properties of soil for optimization of ginseng growth by analyzing the soils from Anseong and Pocheon regions in Gyeonggi province. Fresh weight of ginseng was 2 to 5 fold higher in good growth field compared to poor growth field within Anseong region. In the case of Pocheon region, 1.5 to 2 fold differences of fresh weight of ginseng was observed between good and poor growth field. These results indicate the difference of ginseng growth even in the same region. Based on these results, critical ranges of physico-chemical properties of soils were determined by comparing the good and poor growth field of each regions, which are follows; more than 50% of soil porosity, 2.0~2.8 g/kg of total nitrogen, 500~900 mg/kg for Av. $P_2O_5$, 2.3~3.5 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for Exch. Ca in Anseong; less than 13% of liquid phase, 400~650 mg/kg for Av. $P_2O_5$, 4.0~4.7 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for Exch. Ca, less than 0.8 and 0.5 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ for Exch. Mg and K, respectively, in Pocheon. Interestingly, we found that ginseng growth was affected by exchangeable base ratio (Ca:Mg:K) especially in Anseong region, which were 6:2:1 in good growth field while 4:2:1 in poor growth field. Critical ranges for nutrient contents of ginseng leaves were also characterized, which are less than 0.2% and 0.22% of each P and Mg, respectively, in Anseong, while less than 1.8% and 0.18% of each N and P, respecively, and 1.5~3.0% of K in Pocheon. In addition, we determined critical ranges for inorganic nutrient contents in the current study.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.152-159
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• 1976

This experiment was conducted to select genotypes that were high-yielding and adapted to the soil and weather conditions in Korea, from 13 Fawn deri ved progenies which represented in the previous study. Comparisons were made in various leaf and plant characteristics, and forage productivities, between the 13 polycross progenies of high-yielding Fawn and control varieties including Fawn, Alta, and Kentucky 31. The results obtained were summarized as follow; Genetic differences between the polycross progeny group and the control group were recognized in leaf fresh weight but those between two groups in leaf dry weight were not observed. Leaf area of all derived progenies and control varieties were appeared to have individual genetic differences and, moreover, the leaf area of the polycross progeny group was larger than that of the control. Differences between polycross progeny group and control group in leaf width were not significant. However, leaf length exhibited significant differences among all polycross progenies, and control varieties between two groups, and among polycross progenies but no differences were observed among control varieties. Tiller number, plant height, and plant width of the polycross progeny group were larger than those of the control varieties when measured before and after harvest. Panicle length among all polycross progenies and control varieties showed minor differences. However, significant differences were found between the polycross progeny group and control group, as well as among the polycross progenies and control varieties within each group in culm length. Above characteritics in the leaf fresh and dry weight, area and length, plant width and height, and tiller number showed positive correlations with the forage yields, respectively. Forage yields of the polycross progenies were higher than those of the control varieties and the variation of the yields among the genotypes were great.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1629-1637
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• 2013

The properties of non-GM soybeans with lipoxygenase (LOX) free genotypes, such as Gaechuck#1 (black, LOX2,3-free), Gaechuck#2 (yellow, LOX2,3-free) and Jinyangkong (yellow, LOX1,2,3-free), were compared to Taekwangkong (yellow, LOX1,2,3-present) as control. Length and weight of soybeans were significantly longer in Gaechuck#1, but LOX free genotypes of yellow beans was smaller than Taekwangkong, in terms the size and weight. After soaking for 12 hr, increased ratios of soybean weight were 217.07~226.55%, and they were significantly higher in Gaechuck#2. The total color difference (${\Delta}E$) to Taekwangkong was the highest in Gaechuck#1, but another yellow soybean were similar. Crude lipids content was significantly higher in Taekwangkong (17.30%), and these LOX free genotypes (13.71~14.66%) did not show significant difference. Crude protein contents were significantly higher in Gaechuck#1 (34.79%) compared to the other soybeans (32.93~33.47%). Contents of glutamic acid among the detected composition amino acid were highest, and its total contents were highest in Gaechuck#1 (32.42 g/100 g), and the total content of Gaechuck#2 was similar to Taekwangkong. Contents of total isoflavone were higher in LOX free genotypes than Taekwangkong, especially significantly higher in Gaechuck#1 (1672.54 ${\mu}g/g$). Contents of total phenol were highest in Gaechuck#1 (276.91 mg/100 g), and flavonoids content of Gaechuck#1 (26.93 mg/100 g) was 2.6~2.8 times higher than the other samples. DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power were significantly higher in Gaechuck#1. The yield of soybean curd from tested samples was the highest in Gaechuck#2. Gaechuck#2 as LOX free genotypes was similar to Taekwangkong with regard to physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities. Therefore, we propose that Gaechuck#2 is a more suitable genotype for soybean curd products.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.3 s.104
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• pp.336-343
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• 2003

Two types of statistical models, simple and multivariate log linear models, were studied for continuity simulation and trend analysis of water qualities in incoming flows to Lake Paldang. Water quality is a function of one independent variable (flow) in the simple log linear model, and of three different variables (flow, time, and seasonal cycle) in multivariate model. The independent variables act as surrogate variables of water quality in both models. The model coefficients were determined by the monthly data. The water qualities included 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand ($BOD_5$), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP) measured from 1995 to 2000 in the South and the North branches of Han River and the Kyoungan Stream. The results indicated that the multivariate model provided better agreements with field measurements than the simple one in a31 attempted cases. Flow dependency, seasonality, and temporal trends of water quality were tested on the determined coefficients of the multivariate model. The test of flow dependency indicated that BOD concentrations decreased as the water flow increased. In TN and TP concentrations, however, there were no discernible flow effects. From the temporal trend analyses, the following results were obtained: 1) no trends on BOD at all three upstreams, 2) increase on TN at the South Branch and the Kyoungan Stream, 3)decrease on TN at the North Branch,4) no trends on TP at the North and the South Branches and 5) increase on TP at the Kyoungan Stream by 3 to 8% per years. The seasonality test showed that there were significant seasonal variations in all three water qualities at three incoming flows.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2012

Population dynamics of the American serpentine leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), were observed and modeled in order to compare the effects of air and tomato leaf temperatures inside a greenhouse using DYMEX model builder and simulator (pre-programed module based simulation programs developed by CSIRO, Australia). The DYMEX model simulator consisted of a series of modules with the parameters of temperature dependent development and oviposition models of L. trifolii were incorporated from pre-published data. Leaf surface temperatures of cherry tomato leaves (cv. 'Koko') were monitored according to three tomato plant positions (top, > 1.8 m above the ground level; middle, 0.9 - 1.2 m; bottom, 0.3 - 0.5 m) using an infrared temperature gun. Air temperature was monitored at the same three positions using a self-contained temperature logger. Data sets for the observed air temperature and average leaf surface temperatures were collected (top and bottom surfaces), and incorporated into the DYMEX simulator in order to compare the effects of air and leaf surface temperature on the population dynamics of L. trifolii. The initial population consisted of 50 eggs, which were laid by five female L. trifolii in early June. The number of L. trifolii larvae was counted by visual inspection of the tomato plants in order to verify the performance of DYMEX simulation. The egg, pupa, and adult stage of L. trifolii could not be counted due to its infeasible of visual inspection. A significant positive correlation between the observed and the predicted numbers of larvae was found when the leaf surface temperatures were incorporated into the DYMEX simulation (r = 0.97, p < 0.01), but no significant positive correlation was observed with air temperatures(r = 0.40, p = 0.18). This study demonstrated that the population dynamics of L. trifolii was affected greatly by the leaf temperatures, though to little discernible degree by the air temperatures, and thus the leaf surface temperature should be for a consideration in the management of L. trifolii within cherry tomato greenhouses.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

Quail is a very useful animal model for studying vertebrate development because of its small body size and unique reproductive traits. This species is also ideal model for producing germline chimeras via transferring exogenous primordial germ cells (PGCs) into the recipient embryo. To increase the contribution efficiency of donor PGCs into recipients' tissues, decreasing the population of endogenous PGCs has been rate-limiting factor. We therefore conducted this study to investigate if gamma ($\gamma$)-irradiation depletes endogenous PGCs in developing quail embryo. Firstly, freshly laid stage X quail embryos were irradiated with various output of $\gamma$-irradiation and its teratogenic effect on the embryo was evaluated. Although a dose-dependent increase in the number of embryo showing malformation was found as the output increased (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 rads), only a maximum of 10.1% of embryos were abnormal in 1,000 rads. Immunocytochemical analysis using the QCR1 antibody, which is specific marker for quail PGCs, was conducted to analyze the effect of sterilization. As results, $\gamma$-rays at a dose-rate of 500 rads/73 sec onto undeveloped stage X embryo significantly reduced the number of germ cells to an average of 75.55 % and 82.03 % in male and female embryos, respectively. We conclude that $\gamma$-ray selectively targets PGCs while affects minimally to the somatic development in quail embryo. Our results will not only provide important data for germline chimera production but can be used for analyzing the effect of ionized rays on the differentiating germ cells in various stages during animal development.