• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.973-981
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• 1998

Background: About 30% to 40% of the patients with pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) die within 5 years after complete resection. The identification of poor prognostic factors and the application of additional treatment are very important to improve the survival rate in resected stage I NSCLC. Materials and methods: Sixty-eight(68) patients who had been diagnosed postoperatively between Janury 1989 and December 1995 as having stage I non-small cell lung cancer according to the TNM classification were studied. The postoperative 5-year survival rate was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinico- histopathologic factors including age, sex, operative method, type of tumor cell, T factor, grade of the differentiation in a squamous cell carcinoma, invasion of blood vessel and expression of the nm23-H1 protein were investigated and analyzed. Results: The median survival of the entire group of patients was 58$\pm$3 months, with a 5-year survival of 58.9%. In univariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and poor differentiation of the tumor cell in a squamous cell carcinoma significantly worsened the survival. In multivariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and grade of the differentiation of the tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma remained independent prognostic factors. High expression of the nm23-H1 protein was related to a high postoperative 5-year survival in comparision with low expression of the nm23-H1 pretein (73.0% vs 50.7%), but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: These results highlight the negative prognostic value of poor differentiation of tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma and invasion of blood vessel in stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Also, further studies are necessary to be determined prognostic value of the T factor and expression of the nm23 protein in non-small cell lung cancer.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.62-72
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• 1996

In this paper, ozonizer using U-type lamp(Olamp) has been designed and manufactured, which can perform a role of lighting source and ozonizer by using photo and chemical methods. The discharge, spectrum, illuminance, ozone concentration, ozone generation, ozone yield and sterilization characteristics of Olamp have been studied. The important conclusions obtained from this paper can be summa'||'&'||'not;rized as follows. As a result of spectrum characteristics for Olamp, ultraviolet ray of a short wave'||'&'||'not;lengths and a visible ray are radiated. The illuminance of Olamp was found to be useful for "color distinctive and intermittent works in the dark working spaces" in accordance with KS A 3011. The ozone concentration of gaseous phase is inversely proportional to quality of supplied gas. Also, ozone conce tration and generation of gaseous phase are rised more commercial oxygen gas than those trial air gas for constant quality of supplied gas. Ozone generation and ozone yield of gaseous phase are proportion'||'&'||'not;al to ozone concentration of gaseous phase. The characteristics of liquid ozone concentration at distilled water are proportional to circulating velocity of fermentation chamber and ozone concentration of gas'||'&'||'not;eous phase. As a result, the sterilization characteristics of Escherichia coli have been obtained more than 97[ % J.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 1993

Ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi, mainly inhabiting the subtidal rocky bottom as a sessile form, has been favored a tasty sea food in abundance along the east and south coast of Korea. The study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating the processing suitability of ascidian. The height, width, total weight, integument weight and edible portion of the ascidian were $9.2{\sim}12.2cm,\;4.7{\sim}6.1cm,\;100.2{\sim}163.0g,\;18.2{\sim}41.4g$ and $20.2{\sim}62.0g$, respectively. The moisture content, which showed a minimum value as low as $80.0\%$ in October. On the contrary, glycogen content of edible portion revealed the maximum value, $3.1{\sim}4.1\%$ from July to August. The protein and fat showed a similar change to glycogen. The level of ash was rather constant throughout the period, being $2.2{\sim}3.8\%$. Among the 7 kinds of mineral analyzed in all the samples of edible portion and integument, Na, K, Mg and Ca contents were predominent in order being more than $96.14{\sim}99.10\%$, of the total ash. In the amino acid composition of ascidian, the predominent ones were asparagine, glutamic acid, taurine, aspartic acid, proline, and lysine in order and the sum of these amino acids occupied $85.0\%$ of the total free amino acid while methionine and arginine were poor.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.369-376
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• 2019

Ship hydrodynamics in the confined waterways is challenging. When a ship is maneuvering in confined waterways, the hydrodynamic behavior may vary significantly because of the hydrodynamic interaction between the bottom of the ship hull and the seabed, or so-called shallow water effects. Thus, an accurate prediction of shallow water and bank effects is essential to minimizing the risk of the collision and the grounding of the ships. The hydrodynamic derivatives measured by the virtual captive model test provide a path to predicting the change in ship maneuverability. This paper presents a numerical simulation of captive model tests to predict the maneuverability of a ship in confined waterways. Also, straight and zig-zag simulation were conducted to predict the trajectory of a ship maneuvering in confined waterways. The results showed that the asymmetric flow around a ship induced by vicinity of banks causes pressure differences between the port and starboard sides and the trajectory of a ship maneuvering in confined waterways.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

Jack-up drilling rigs are widely used in offshore oil and gas exploration industry. It is originally designed for use in the shallow waters less than 60m of water depth; there is growing demand for their use in deeper water depth over 150m and harsher environmental conditions. In this study, global in-place analysis of jack-up rig leg for North-sea oil well is performed through numerical analysis. Firstly, environmental conditions and seabed characteristics at the North-sea are collected and investigated measurements from survey report. Based on these data, design specifications are established and the overall basic design is performed. Dynamic characteristics of the jack-up rig for North-sea are considered in the global in-place analysis both leg and hull and the basic stability against overturning moment is also analyzed. The structural integrity of the jack-up rig leg/hull is verified through the code checks and the adequate safety margin is observed. The uncertainty in jack-up behaviour is greatly influenced by the uncertainties in the soil characteristics that determine the resistance of the foundation to the forces imposed by the jack-up structure. Among the risks above mentioned, the punch-through during pre-loading is the most frequently encountered foundation problem for jack-up rigs. The objective of this paper is to clarify the detailed structure and installation engineering matters for prove the structural safety of jack-up rigs during operation. With this intention the following items are addressed; - Characteristics of structural behavior considering soil effect against environmental loads - Modes of failure and related pre-loading procedure and parameters - Typical results of structural engineering and verification by actual measurement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.630-634
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• 2009

According to the 2007 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) report, a congenital diagnosis, infantile transplantation and being on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at the time of transplant are risk factors for mortality for the patients who undergo a heart transplant, and a large body weight ratio also increases the risk of mortality. The patient of this case underwent a Ross operation and mitral valve repair due to left ventricle outflow track obstruction and mitral regurgitation. But the baby was treated with ECMO due to heart failure after the operation. When he was 3-months-old and had been. on 30 days of ECMO, he underwent a heart transplant with a heart that had a high donor-recipient weight ratio (4.42). We present this case from a technical standpoint and we include a review of the relevant literature.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 2000

Seasonal variation in species composition and abundance of shallow water fish off Yongwon, Jinhae in the southern coast of Korea was determined by the analysis of monthly samples collected by a beach seine from January to December, 1998. Among 54 species identified, the resident species such as Favonigobius gymnauchen, Chaenogobius laevis, Pholis nebulosa and juvenile Hyporhamphus intermedius were predominated in abundance. The temporal species such as Sardinella zunasi, Leiognathus nuchalis and Takifugu niphobles were collected between April and September. Mean abundance (322 individuals/1000 $m^2$ or 806 g/1000 $m^2$) was higher than that in the shallow sand surf zone of Teachon, but lower than that in the shallow mud area of Chonsu Bay in the western coast of Korea. A large number of H. intermedius were collected in cold months between November and January. The dominant resident species began to be collected from february, and the number of species and biomass were increased until July. A small number of temporal species were collected and subsequently the abundance was low from August to October when high abundance was expected as in the other shallow waters by recruitment of a large number of juveniles of temporal species. The low abundance in these warm months seemed to be related to the water quality by weak water circulation in this shallow mud area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.260-269
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• 1998

This study was conducted to screen the biological activity of urushiol in the sap of lac tree(Rhus verniciflua STOKES) which has been used in traditional folk remedies. Cytotoxic activity of urushiol was screened with L1210(mouse luekemia cell), PC-9(human lung adenocarcinoma cell), A427(human lung adenocarcinoma cell) and KATO III (human stomach adenocarcinoma cell) The stepwise hexane : acetone eluent fractions of the urushiol were obtained by the silica gel adsorption column chromatography and added to the culture media containing L1210, PC-9. A427, and KATO III, respectively. A hexane : acetone(90 : 10, v/v) eluent fraction of them showed the lowest 50% inhibition concentration($IC_{50}$) of $0.018{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ for the cell line of A427. Much lower level of $IC_{50}$ of the hexane : acetone(90 : 10, v/v) eluent fraction of the urushiol showed the equal inhibition effect with tetraplatin(i.e., anti-cancer drug of platinum complexes) on the cancer cell lines as follows ; 3.4 times lower for L1210, 3.9 times lower for PC-9, and 105.5 times lower for A427. However, $IC_{50}$ of the hexane : acetone(90 : 10 v/v) eluent fraction for KATO III was exceptionally 3.9 times higher than that of tetraplatin.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 1968

This study was undertaken to assess the annual cycle of primary production and plant pigments in a downstream of the Han River. Measurements were carried out at three week intervals during April 1966 and March 1967, and ancillary data include water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen and phytoplankton cell number. The seasonal cycle in water temperature profile shows the hihgest in the end of August with 27$^{\circ}C$, lowest in the middle of February with 0.2$^{\circ}C$. The transparency with Secchi disk reading varied from a maximum 4.0m in fall and a minimum 0.5m or less in early spring and flood season of summer. The pH of the river water varied from 6.5 to 7.3, averaged 6.91 in the surface water and 6.98 in the bottom water, showed little seasonalvariability. The dissolved oxygen in the surface water ranged from 5.93-9.64ml/L, while in the bottom water it ranged from 5.54-9.72 ml/L, and the oxygen saturation never fall below 94%. None thermal, the distribution of pH and content of oxygen, stratifications occurred. An apparent seasonal cycle of primary productivity was observed with remarkably high levels in the spring and fall, the lowest level in the winter. The range of net carbon assimilations showed 3.1-112.6 mgC/㎥/day or 15-427 mgC/㎡/day in spring, 37.0-271.2 mgC/㎥/day or 115-329 mgC/㎡/day in summer, 27.2-168.0 mgC/㎥ /day or 139-415 mgC/㎡/day in fall and 0.5-10.9 mgC/㎥/day or 5-19 mg/㎡/day in winter, respectively. Amount of chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ ranged from a minimum concentration of 0.2-0.3 mg/㎥ in the middle of February and a maximum 4.1-6.7 mg/㎥ in the middle of June. A general increase trend in chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ concentration was noted with increase of the river water temperature.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.137-140
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• 1974

The present-state survey was carried out on reclaimed land of entire country to grasp the farming conditions, soil characteristics and productivities. The results was summarized as follows: 1) Among farmers participating in reclamation, small farmers, which hold land under cultivation less than 1 ha occupied 42 percent of total farmers; while big farmers, hold more than 3 ha, occupied only 11.1 percent. 2) The land use of reclaimed land by reclaimed year had such big variation that mulberry land was decreasing, however, grass land markedly increased. 3) Soils less than 15 percent slope in reclaimed land occupied 68.7 percent of total reclaimed land, and steep sloping land was reclaimed through bench-terraced method, while gently sloping land, through non terraced one. 4) The chemical properties of reclaimed land was very poor, except for phosphate, all element after 10 years of reclamation was under levels of land of cultivation. 5) Amount of fertilizer application to reclaimed land was under that of recommendation. 6) The yield of reclaimed land was 30 to 86 percent of average of land under cultivation.