• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.531-548
• /
• 2012

To identify Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tide from non-red tide water (satellite high chlorophyll waters) in the South Sea of Korea (SSK), we improved a spectral classification method proposed by Son et al.(2011) for the world first Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). C. polykrikoides blooms and non-red tide waters were classified based on four different criteria. The first step revealed that the radiance peaks of potential red tide water occurred at 555 and 680 nm (fluorescence peak). The second step separated optically different waters that were influenced by relatively low and high contributions of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (including detritus) to chlorophyll. The third and fourth steps discriminated red tide water from non-red tide water based on the blue-to-green ratio, respectively. After applying the red tide classification, the spectral response of C. polykrikoides red tide water, which is influenced by pigment concentration as well as CDOM (detritus), showed different slopes for the blue and green bands (lower slope at blue bands and higher slope at green bands). The opposite result was found for non-red tide water. This modified spectral classification method for GOCI led to increase user accuracy for C. polykrikoides and non-red tide blooms and provided a more reliable and robust identification of red tides over a wide range of oceanic environments than was possible using chlorophyll a concentration, or proposed red tide detection algorithms. Maps of C. polykrikoides red tide in SSK outlined patches of red tide covering the area near Naro-do and Tongyeong during the end of July and early of August, 2012 and extending into from Wan-do and Geoje-do during the middle of August, 2012.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.202-203
• /
• 2001

거의 매년 우리나라 연안해역에서 푸른 바닷물이 갑자기 붉은색이나 황록색으로 변하는 적조 현상을 쉽게 관찰할 수 있다. 특히, 부영양화된 폐쇄성 및 반폐쇄성 내만 해역에서부터 해수유동이 원활한 외해역까지 광범위하게 매년 상습적으로 적조가 발생하여 어장환경과 수산생물에 막대한 피해를 일으키므로서 심각한사회ㆍ경제적인 문제를 야기시키고 있다(남해안 피조발생현황, 1995, 1996.; 한국연안의 적조발생 상황, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000). (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2015

Red Tide phenomenon which happens in the southern coast of Korea gives massive damage to the fishermen who run fish farms and thereby a lot of efforts to prevent damage are made from various angles. In particular, red tide monitoring with satellite imagery can make it possible to obtain the occurrence data of red tide throughout the whole areas of the sea, which helps provide important information for establishing the preventive plans of disasters. In this regard, this study selected the South Sea of Gyeongnam Province with a view to suggesting the monitoring results with regard to the spread and reduction of the Red Tide in the middle of the day by using the GOCI Images of COMS. With this intention, it selected the region in the South Sea of Gyeongnam Province. The study results of analysis on the GOCI image data for the years of 2013(Aug. 12) and 2014 (Sep. 11) are as follows: the pattern of the Red Tide in the region of the South Sea occurred in the southern sea area of Geoje-do in the morning. It gradually spread and showed a gradual decline after reaching the top at 1 PM. In addition, in terms of the tide movement in the middle of the day, Red Tide began in the southern sea area and moved to the west, and moved to the east again at noon. It is judged that additional study on many factors such as the characteristics of the future Red-tide organisms, tidal currents, amount of sunshine, and water temperature is needed, but it is estimated that Red Tide movement monitoring with GOCI images would provide very crucial information for predicting the spread and movement of the Red Tide to protect and manage the Red Tide disasters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2006.05a
• /
• pp.489-492
• /
• 2006

Red tide occurred sporadically in early 90s. But It is happening extensively by global warming. So, Airline observation, Red tide buoy development, and Red tide alarm system research is progressing for monitor ring. However, study to early forecast red tide and red tide alarm system did not exist hard. This paper proposed development that design and implementation red tide database of using wireless sensor network. There are GPS, Water Temperature sensor, Oxygen sensor, and Turbidity sensor in each node. And data is stored to red tide database through Ad-hoc network. This data is integrated and analyzed. So, forecast red tide. And red tide database has red tide data that happen at past. This is utilized to comparative analysis data for red tide estimate. Main screen displays position of node and measured value in electron map. Much studies must be backed for this a study. But I think that contribute to analyze red tide data by red tide database construction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.204-205
• /
• 2000

최근들어 우리나라 남해안연안은 내만역을 중심으로 편모조류에 의한 적조가 빈번히 발생하고 있는데, 이들 적조는 지역별, 시기별로 일정한 주기성을 보이면서 출현하고 있다. 이러한 적조의 시초는 무엇보다도 적조생물이 형성하는 휴면포자의 발아와 상관성이 있을 것으로 추정된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라연안에서 출현하는 주요 적조원인생물 휴면포자의 발아률과 유영세포의 출현량을 조사함으로써 휴면포자의 발아와 유영세포 출현량과의 관련성 여부를 알아보았다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2008

We have analyzed a long term data of marine environments, red tide information and meteorology acquired by NFRDI and KMA, in order to understand the characteristics of marine environments in the Narodo coastal waters which is known to be the first outbreak region of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms. During the period of from 1992 to 2007, Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms have first occurred more often in August. However, the outbreak time of the blooms tended to be earlier annually, and in addition, the surface salinity also had a tendency to increase. Consequently, it suggested that there might be a relationship between the transition of the outbreak time of the blooms and salinity. On the other hand, insolation was relatively rich but precipitation was relatively scarce in Gohung Province, compared to Yeosu or Tongyeong, when Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms first occur in Narodo coastal waters. Average water temperature and salinity in August in Narodo coastal waters were all higher than those in Gamak and Jinhae bays, suggesting that Narodo coastal waters are a region of relatively high water temperature and high salinity. Also, concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll- a were significantly low than those in Jinhae Bay, which is known to be a eutrophicated region, while the overall water quality seemed to be similar to Gamak Bay. The results of PCA(Principal Component Analysis) proved that insolation and water temperature are the most important factors for the outbreak of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms in Narodo coastal waters while concentrations of COD and dissolved oxygen are secondly important. Furthermore, typhoons also appeared to be one of most important factors for the outbreak of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.363-375
• /
• 2011

Recently, Water quiality of urban river largely have gotten better by virtue of sewer pipe laying and sewage treatment plants construction. or the various contaminants which is flowed in into river have generated underwater ecosystem disturbance and red tide by lack of sewage and waste water disposal facilities. With tidal river, taehwa river of ulsan metropolitan city has large river width and gradual stream bed gradient at the dry and storage period. Moreover, the flow is paralyzed due to the bridge pier protection work, consist of the mat foundation which is about 1.2km from two bridge and the contaminant is accumulated. it is caused by of the red tide generated from the several years or it activates. In this study, When flow area is largest by changing independent footing of bridge pier of two bridges and using RMA2 model, we hydraulically analyzed a variable breadth of velocity and discharge. Consequently, flow rate increased the maximum 103%, discharge was exposed to increase the maximum 61%. Directly this cannot extinguish the red tide but suppresses the red tide occurrence or can reduce. And it is determined to prevent the depositioning of the contaminant and can control fundamentally the red tide occurrence cause.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.19-31
• /
• 2011

This study has examined the water quality environment of six areas in the mid-southern coastal waters of Korea in order to find the significance between water quality and algal blooms of the area, based on the last 17 years of data offered by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute. Water temperature in these areas fluctuated with a three to five year of period, and revealed little yearly variations at the surface layer while slowly decreasing at the bottom layer. On the other hand, salinity tended to increase both the surface and bottom layers. Algal blooms had a tendency to decrease in their outbreaks and causative species, with a peak of the middle of 1990s. C. polykrikoides prevailed in the entire areas, and in particular, almost annually appeared in Goheung coastal area since 1995. C. polykrikoides blooms occurred when a mean water temperature was approximately $26^{\circ}C$, and salinities were between 31.00 and 31.50 but exceptionally 28.68 in Yeosu Coast. However, the concentrations of DIN, DIP, TN, TP, including DO, turned out not to be such significant factors for the outbreaks of C. polykrikoides blooms. Therefore, water temperature was judged as the most controlling factor for the outbreak of C. polykrikoides blooms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.335-344
• /
• 2014

To understand the drift-diffusion of HAB(Harmful Algal Bloom) in this paper, we used three-dimensional hydrodynamic model POM(Pringceton Ocean Model) and Lagrangian particle track module. First, the results of residual flow that considered tide, wind, temperature, salinity, and TWC(Tsushima Warm Current) effect was tend to northeast in the coastal area and the flow in the offshore region showed results similar to TWC. To understand of HAB's movement, released each area that southern Kamak bay(Case 1), Mijo coast(Case 2), and southern Mireukdo coast(Case 3) assumption that red tide occurred. The areas where the HAB occurs frequently. As a result of HAB occurred in southern Kamak Bay(Case 1), mainly drifts to Narodo coast and Yeoja bay that located on the west side. Case 2 was mainly drifts to Yokjido coast and Saryangdo coast Especially, HAB occurred in Mireukdo coast(Case 3) relatively many particles drift to eastward as the influence of the TWC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.139-140
• /
• 2000

1990년대 이후에 발생하는 적조의 특징으로는 장기화, 광역화, 고밀도 및 유독화 추세로 진행되고 있으며, 어장환경과 수산생물에 막대한 피해를 일으키므로서 심각한 사회ㆍ경제적인 문제를 야기시키고 있다(국립수산진흥원, 1997). 이러한 피해를 막기 위해서 연안 이용도가 높은 일본에서는 막대한 수산피해를 일으키는 적조의 발생기구 구명과 방제기술의 개발을 위하여 연구를 진행하고 있다. (중략)