• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3D
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• pp.347-356
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• 2009

This paper is described clustering analysis of traffic characteristics-based highway classification in order to deviate from methodologies of existing highway functional classification. This research focuses on comparing the clustering techniques performance based on the total within-group errors and deriving the optimal number of cluster. This research analyzed statistical clustering method (Hierarchical Ward's minimum-variance method, Nonhierarchical K-means method) and Kohonen self-organizing maps clustering method for highway characteristic classification. The outcomes of cluster techniques compared for the number of samples and traffic characteristics from subsets derived by the optimal number of cluster. As a comprehensive result, the k-means method is superior result to other methods less than 12. For a cluster of more than 20, Kohonen self-organizing maps is the best result in the cluster method. The main contribution of this research is expected to use important the basic road attribution information that produced the highway characteristic classification.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.159-172
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• 2001

본 연구는 수도권 지역의 아까시나무림을 중심으로 식물군집의 식생구조적 특성을 분석함으로써 향후, 도시녹지의 자연성 복원을 위한 기초 자료로 제시하고자 하였다. 조사지역은 서울도심지역으로 중구 남산과 서대문구 안산, 서울외곽지역으로 은평구 봉산과 부천시, 성주산, 비도시지역으로 경기도 천마산을 선정하였다. 주요 연구분야는 생태적 특성과 복원모델로 구분하였가. 생태적 특성평가는 천이단계, 자연성 및 다층적 식생구조와 종다양성을 실시하였으며, 복원모델은 적정수종, 개체수, 흉고단면적, 수목간 최단거리를 선정하였다. 조사결과, 복원모델은 비도시지역 중 자연성이 높으며 다층구조를 이루고 있는 자생식물군집을 선정하였으며 적정식물은 교목성장 3종, 아교목성정 7종, 관목성장 16종, 주연부 수종 4종 초본식물 27종이 적절한 것으로 판단되었다. 향후, 아끼시나무림읜 자연성 복원을 위해서 자연림인 참나무류로의 천이를 유도할 수 있도록 자생종 중심의 생태적 복원방안의 모색이 이루어져할 것이다.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.25-37
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• 2010

This paper deals with achieving the optimal quantity of required PKMs to cover the coastal areas divided into the proper size of sectors, and then using Set Cover Model, Clustered Model, etc. It is optimized via "Requirement Optimization Process" to allocate PKMs reasonably which is considered as conducting mission deployment sectors. This "Hybrid Proper Requirement Model" accommodating the optimization process is introduced and testified by examining a requirement problem.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.87-91
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• 2011

강수는 지역에 따라 발생양상이 매우 다른 자연현상 중 하나이다. 이러한 강수를 효과적으로 분석하여 확률강수량을 산정하기위해서 수문학에서는 다양한 방법이 시도되어 왔다. 우리나라에서는 지점빈도해석을 통한 확률강수량을 주로 사용해왔으나 최근 들어 Hosking and Wallis(1997)가 제안한 지역빈도해석을 활용을 적극 도모 하고 있는 중이다. 이러한 지역빈도해석 기법은 지점빈도해석 기법에 비하여 한정된 강수자료를 활용하는 측면 등 여러 가지 장점을 가진 확률 강수량 산정방법이다. 그러나 이 기법을 적용하여 확률강수량을 산정하기 위해서는 강수의 지역구분을 먼저 수행하여야 한다. 강수지역의 구분을 위해서는 여러 가지 기법이 존재하나 최근에는 Cluster 기법 중 K-means 방법이나 Fuzzy c-means 방법 등을 주로 적용하여 지역구분을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 K-means 방법이나 Fuzzy c-means 방법 등은 산정 방법내에서 최적 군집수를 결정할 수 있는 알고리즘이 없기 때문에 임의적으로 최적 군집수를 결정하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 극복하기 위하여 Cluster 평가지수 중 하나인 Dunn 지수를 이용하여 최적 군집수를 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 강수지역을 구분하기 위하여 적용한 인자는 월 평균 강수량, 연 평균 강수량, 월 최대 강수량, 경도, 위도, 고도 등이며, 이를 K-means, PAM 및 친근도 전파 기법을 통하여 강수지역을 구분하였다. 적정 군집수를 임의적으로 증가시켜 가면서 Dunn 지수를 산정하였다. 산정된 결과를 통하여 최적 군집수를 결정하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.523-528
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• 2003

본 연구는 지가의 공간분포 분석(spatial data analysis)을 통하여 합리적인 표준지 선정 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 우리나라의 경우 개별 공시지가는 표준지 공시지가로부터 비교해서 산정된다. 때문에, 표준지는 개별지의 지가를 산정하는데 편리할 수 있도록 선정되어야 한다. 이를 위하여 표준지를 선정할 때, 개별지의 지가와 토지특성을 고려하여 표준지의 수와 공간적 분포를 결정하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 지가의 공간적 분포를 해석하기 위하여 군집분석(cluster analysis) 개념을 활용하였다. 이를 통하여 유사 지가구획을 정의하였고, 지가구획의 계층적 해석을 시도하였다. 또한, 군집분석을 반복적으로 수행하고 군집수의 변화에 따른 군집별 지가분포의 특성을 해석함으로써 적정표준지 수를 추정하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.352-357
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• 2014

In this study, 100 consumers (men, 50; women, 50; age group, 20-50 years) rated their overall preferences for 24 Korean raspberry wines by using a 9-point hedonic scale. The analysis of variance was constructed to evaluate the effect of gender, age, and samples on the preference scores of the wine products. Significant differences were observed in overall preferences for the 24 samples; however, no interactions based on preferences by age and gender groups were noted. Cluster analysis was performed to determine sample clustering based on the frequencies from the preference data. Three clusters were obtained; these three clusters were well separated based on the mean overall preference scores for the samples. Discriminant analysis based on the three clusters also confirmed the same grouping of samples with 100% accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.162-167
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• 1993

A mixed deciduous forest community in Mt. Sobaek was studied to determine the adequate number of plots of tree stratum for investigating forest community structure. Twenty l0m $\times$ l0m plots were set up iii the studied forest community, and species area curve. performance curve and statistical method were carried out. According to species-area curve, the minimal number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the same percentage increase in number of species was eight. The minimal number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of plots was eleven. According to performance curve by importance value of the major species, the minimal number of plots where the dominant species was distinguished from the subdominant species was five. The minimal number of plots where the subdominant species was distinguished from each other was ten. Therefore, ten l0m $\times$ l0m plots seems to give an adequate sample for investigating structure of the studied forest community. Similarity index between the ten plots and total twenty plots was above 90%, and 95% confidence interval of species diversity of the ten plots was $\pm$ 0.073.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 1994

A mixed forest community in Tokyusan was studied to determine the adequate plot area of tree stratum for investigating forest community structure. Nineteen nested plots were set up in the studied forest community, and species-area curve and performance curve were established. According to species-area curve, the minimum plot area where a given percentage increase in plot area produced less than the same percentage increase in number of species was 500$m^2$. The minimum plot area where a given percentage increase in plot area produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of species was 1,000$m^2$. According to performance curve of the importance values of the major species, the minimum plot area where the importance value of the major species was distinguished from each other was 900$m^2$, and the minimum plot area was 500$m^2$ except for a big tree of Pinus densiflora distributed unexpectedly. According to performance curve of species diversity, the minimum plot area was 400$m^2$. Similarity indices between plot area above 900$m^2$ and total plot area were more than 90% and similarity indices between plot area above 400$m^2$ and total plot area were more than 85%. It may be as a conclusion that minimum plot area was generally about 500$m^2$ and in case of requiring more accuracy, minimum plot area was about 1,000$m^2$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.67-85
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• 2018

Vehicle platooning through wireless communication and automated driving technology has become realized. Platooning is a technique in which several vehicles travel at regular intervals while maintaining a minimum safety distance. Truck platooning is of keen interest because it contributes to preventing truck crashes and reducing vehicle emissions, in addition to the increase in truck flow capacity. However, it should be noted that interactions between vehicle platoons and adjacent manually-driven vehicles (MV) significantly give an impact on the performance of traffic flow. In particular, when vehicles entering from on-ramp attempt to merge into the mainstream of freeway, proper interactions by adjusting platoon size and inter-platoon spacing are required to maximize traffic performance. This study developed a methodology for establishing operational strategies for truck platoonings on freeway on-ramp areas. Average speed and conflict rate were used as measure of effectiveness (MOE) to evaluate operational efficiency and safety. Microscopic traffic simulation experiments using VISSIM were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various platooning scenarios. A decision making process for selecting better platoon operations to satisfy operations and safety requirements was proposed. It was revealed that a platoon operating scenario with 50m inter-platoon spacing and the platoon consisting of 6 vehicles outperformed other scenarios. The proposed methodology would effectively support the realization of novel traffic management concepts in the era of automated driving environments.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.394-400
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• 2002

A mixed forest community of broad-leaved trees in Guryongsan area was studied to determine the adequate number of plots of tree and shrub strata for investigating forest community structure. Fifteen 10m$\times$10m plots were set up in the tree stratum and fifteen 5m$\times$5m plots were set up in the shrub stratum. Species-area curves and performance curves were made from vegetation analysis of the plots. In tree stratum, the minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the same percentage in number of species was five. In tree stratum, minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in nuts her of plots produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of species was ten. In tree stratum, minimum number of plots where the dominant species was distinguished from the subdominant species was four In tree stratum. minimum number of plots where the subdominant species were distinguished from each other was eight. In tree stratum, the difference of species diversity(H') between seven or more plots and total fifteen plots was less than 0.05 Similarity index was more than 80% between aye or more plots and total fifteen plots, and more than 90% between nine or more plots and total fifteen plots. In shrub stratum, the minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the same percentage in number of species was five . In shrub stratum, the minimum number of plots where a given percentage increase in number of plots produced less than the half of the percentage increase in number of species was twelve. In shrub stratum. minimum number of plots where the dominant species was distinguished from the subdominant species was four. In shrub stratum, the minimum number of plots where the subdominant species were distinguished from each other was thirteen. In shrub stratum, the difference of species diversity(H') between six or more plots and total fifteen plots was less than 0.05. Similarity index was more than 80% between five or more plots and total fifteen plots, and more than 90% between nine or more plots and total fifteen plots. It may be given as a conclusion that adequate number of 10m$\times$10m plots for the tree stratnm was about 5 in general acse and 10 in case of requiring more accuracy, and that the adequate number of 5m$\times$5m plots for ahrub stratum was about 5 in general case and 13 in case of requiring more accuracy.