• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-55
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• 2010

This study aims to estimate potential climate change damage in Korea using the PAGE model. This study reviewed previous a reasearch to compare relative sensitivity to climate change in Korea and other regions to generate climate change damage function. It was found that sensitivity to climate change in Korea is similar to other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. This study estimated climate change impact for three scenarios. If no action is taken, climate change damage cost in Korea could reach US$ 12,928 ~ 57,900 M. Cumulative Net Present Value (NPV)of climate change impact from 1990 to 2100 would be between US$ 143,226 ~ 921,701 Mdepending on emission scenarios. However, this result should be interpreted with caution as it draws its damage function based on only a few available references. Results also showed that an adaptation policy could decrease the degree of climate change impact significantly. If an adaptation policy is implemented, climate change impact will be decreased by US$ 11,355 million dollars in Korea in 2100.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2012

Against the backdrop of the clear impact of climate change, it has become essential to analyze the influence of climate change and relevant vulnerabilities. This research involved evaluating the impact of heat waves in Seoul, from among many local autonomous bodies that are responsible for implementing measures on adapting to climate change. To carry out the evaluation, the A1B scenario was used to forecast future temperature levels. Future climate scenario results were downscaled to $1km{\times}1km$ to result in the incorporation of regional characteristics. In assessing the influence of heat waves on people-especially the excess mortality-we analyzed critical temperature levels that affect excess mortality and came up with the excess mortality. Results of this evaluation on the impact of climate change and vulnerabilities indicate that the number of days on which the daily average temperature reaches $28.1^{\circ}C$-the critical temperature for excess mortality-in Seoul will sharply increase in the 2050s and 2090s. The highest level of impact will be in the month of August. The most affected areas in the summer will be Songpa-gu, Gangnam-gu, and Yeongdeungpo-gu. These areas have a high concentration of residences which means that heat island effects are one of the reasons for the high level of impact. The excess mortality from heat waves is expected to be at least five times the current figure in 2090. Adaptation plan needs to be made on drawing up long-term adaptation measures as well as implementing short-term measures to minimize or adapt the impact of climate change.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.60-66
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• 2018

Museum storage has been a unique area for experts, such as curators and managers etc., is a part that requires attention among the recent changes in museums because of changes to a type that is being opened gradually to visitors. On the other hand, there is an increased the risk of a fire according to negligence etc. of visitors. Hence, appropriate measures for a fire protection system to respond to varying museum storage are required. This study examined the status of fire protection systems applied to museum storage visiting 40 domestic public museums with the support of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, and a direction to install a fire protection system was presented by drawing cases of fire protection systems with less adaptability or poor management or excellent fire protection systems, and a direction for improvement was presented.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6B
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• pp.527-535
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• 2009

In this study, employing an interview survey, the progress orientation of flood management is established, and a framework and process for sustainable flood management in a river basin's context are developed to effectively achieve its goals and objectives. The Interview survey about flood management shows that to reduce flood damage, it is necessary to subdue injudicious man-made developments, to make systematic long-term plans, and to consistently implement them. In the framework, the goal is established as minimizing flood damage and building resilience against flooding, and an implementing methodology is developed, integrating five elements: integrated flood management, flood risk management, integrated watershed management, participatory decision-making process, and adaptive management. Also, evaluating the state of flood management in river basins' context is incorporated into the framework, and the evaluation results are fed back to the goal and the methodology. To effectively implement flood management, an adaptive flood management process is developed, reflecting the results of the interview survey. In this process, the participation of the persons concerned is secured, the state of flood management are evaluated periodically, and measures appropriate to the specific sites are selected and are adaptively carried out.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.8A
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• pp.918-927
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• 2004

WCDMA system is 3rd generation wireless mobile system specified by 3GPP. In WCDMA downlink, two power control schemes are operated. One is inner loop power control operated in every slot. Another is outer loop power control based on one frame time. Base station (BS) can estimate proper transmission power by these two power control schemes. However, because each MS's transmission power makes a severe effect on BS's performance, BS cannot give excessive transmission power to the specific user. 3GPP defined Power Control Dynamic Range (PCDR) to guarantee proper BS's performance. In this paper, we propose Adaptive PCDR algorithm. By APCDR algorithm, Radio Network Controller (RNC) can estimate each MS's current state using received signal to interference ratio (SIR). APCDR algorithm changes MS's maximum code channel power based on frame. By proposed scheme, each MS can reduce wireless channel effect and endure outages in cell edge. Therefore, each MS can obtain better QoS. Simulation result indicate that APCDR algorithm show more attractive output than fixed PCDR algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.99-113
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out about the cause and adaptation process of urban households going to rural areas for agricultural management(Kwihyang nongga) through the microscopic analysis of a case study. Research results are summarized in the followings. The cause of Kwihyang nongga before the 1980s was generally due to the social causes like the support of dependent family or rural-to-urban migrants' maladjustment in urban society. After the 1980s, however, it was related to the economic reasons such as the increase of households' income by commercial agriculture more than the social ones. Most of Kwihyang nongga was traditionally the households which came back to their native places, rural areas. Recently the urban households which did not originally come from rural areas are going to rural space because of the cultivation of high profit oriented agricultural products. Recent Kwihyang nongga increased the size of commercial agriculture through leased farmland, not by a purchase of agricultural land. Even though the number of Kwihyang nongga is now a few, it is expected that the influence of Kwihyang nongga on rural society will be various and high because it consists of young generation. The increase of Kwihyang nongga may be one of the ways to mitigate the decreasing rate of utilization of agricultural lands due to the labor shortage of rural areas after industrialization. To solve rural problems related to underpopulation, it is necessary to establish the active plicies of helping Kwihyang nongga. The actions for Kwihyang nongga ought to emphasize the improvement of educational conditions and living facilities as well as financial aids and the improvement of farming conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2017

유역 물순환 개선 기술은 기후변화 및 토지이용변화가 진행 중에 있거나 예상되는 지역에 대하여 강우-유출수를 지연, 저류, 침투시켜 지속가능한 물순환체계를 유지?회복하도록 하는 기술이라 할 수 있다. 기후변화 및 토지이용변화에 따른 영향을 평가하고, 지속가능한 유역 물순환체계를 구축하여 적응 전략을 체계적으로 수립하기 위해서는 물순환 개선 기술의 정립 및 개발이 필수적이다. 그러나 현재 유역 물순환 개선기술은 일부 시가화 지역에 국한되어 있어 유역 규모의 개선 전략을 수립하는데 한계가 있다. 또한, 물순환계의 변화량을 평가하기 위한 모형화 기법 역시 해외에서 개발된 기술을 여과 없이 도입하여 국내의 환경을 충분히 반영하기는 어렵다. 개발된 유역 물순환 개선 및 평가시스템은 기존 국가연구개발사업을 통해 개발되고 사업화에 성공한 바 있는 유역 물순환 평가 모형인 CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool)을 수정 및 개선하여 기후변화에 따른 영향을 평가하고 적응 대책을 수립하기 위한 실무적인 소프트웨어이다. 침투트렌치, 식생침투트렌치, 습지, 저류지, 빗물탱크 등의 물순환개선시설에 대한 효과를 평가할 수 있도록 개별시설의 제원에 따른 물순환개선 효과를 정량적으로 평가하여 제시한다. 기후변화에 따른 장기간의 유역 물순환을 평가하기 위해서는 물리적 매개변수 기반의 수문해석 보다는 단순환된 개념적 매개변수 기반의 집중형 장기유출 해석이 필요할 수 있다. 따라서 국내외에서 많이 사용되고 있는 장기 일유출 모형(GR4J, GSM, HBV, SYMHYD, TANK, TPHM 등)을 유역 물순환 개선 평가 플랫폼에 탑재함으로써 소유역의 특성을 반영한 기후변화 적응 일유출 해석이 가능하도록 하였으며, 각 모형들의 매개변수는 수동보정 외에도 SCE-UA를 이용한 자동보정이 가능하도록 시스템으로 구축하였다. 개발된 유역물순환 개선 및 평가시스템은 실무적 차원에서 기후변화에 따른 유역 물순환 개선 기술을 적용하고 평가하는데 있어서 매개변수 입력자료 구축에 따른 자원 소요 시간 및 시스템 개발 비용을 획기적으로 단축시켰으며 국외 의존도가 높은 수문 해석모형을 국내 기술로 개발함으로써 기술자립도를 높이고 국내 및 해외의 유역의 성공적인 적용을 통하여 성능을 입증하였다. 기후변화에 따른 수자원의 재평가, 개선시설의 정량적 평가 및 하천유역의 수자원관리 실무에 적용성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.461-461
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• 2017

기후변화 적응 유역 물순환 개선 기술은 기후변화가 진행 중에 있거나 예상되는 지역에 대하여 강우-유출수를 지연, 저류, 침투시켜 지속가능한 물순환체계를 유지 회복하도록 하는 기술이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화에 따른 국내 유역의 특성 및 기후를 반영하기 수월한 물순환 개선 및 평가시스템을 국내 기술로 개발하였다. 개발된 유역 물순환 개선 및 평가시스템은 기존 국가연구개발사업을 통해 개발되고 사업화에 성공한 바 있는 유역 물순환 평가 모형인 CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool)을 수정 및 개선하여 기후변화에 따른 영향을 평가하고 적응 대책을 수립하기 위한 실무적인 소프트웨어이다. 침투트렌치, 식생침투트렌치, 습지, 저류지, 빗물탱크 등의 물순환개선시설에 대한 효과를 평가할 수 있도록 개별시설의 제원에 따른 물순환개선 효과를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구의 대상유역으로는 팔당댐 상류의 경안천 유역을 선정하였다. 경안천 유역의 기후변화에 따른 물순환 개선 기술 적용을 위해서 기후변화 시나리오 자료는 기상청 수원 측후소의 1976~2099년 FGOALS-s2, HadGEM-ES, INM-CM4 RCP8.5 시나리오를 적용하였으며 분석기간은 2020s(2010~2039), 2050s(2040~2069), 2080s(2070~2099)로 구분하였다. Baseline은 수원 측후소 과거 30년 1971~2000년 자료를 이용하였고 각 시나리오별 수문성분 및 구조적 물순환 개선기술 적용에 따른 수문성분을 비교 분석하였다. 물순환 개선기술 시나리오 중 침투시설 시나리오는 도시 면적의 20%, 설계침투량은 일본 우수저류침투기술협회 기준인 단위면적($1m^2$)당 10mm 적용하였고, 빗물저장시설 시나리오의 저장시설의 용량은 수도법시행규칙(2011)의 빗물 이용시설기준(도시면적 ${\times}0.05$)을 적용하였다. 시나리오별 강우량은 HadGEM-ES가 증가폭이 크게 나타났고 INM-CM4는 2080s에서 감소 경향을 보였다. 증발산량은 거의 모든 시나리오에서 대부분 감소하였고, 개선기술 적용에 따라 크게 증가하거나 감소폭이 줄어들었다. 직접유출량 및 중간유출량은 기후변화 시나리오별 강우증가분에 따른 미세한 증가 양상을 보였고, 개선기술 적용에 따라 약간 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 지하수유출량의 경우 침투시설 적용으로 함양량이 크게 증가함에 따라 증가폭이 매우 크게 나타났다.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

In order to use as basic data of adaptation, this study focused on a 'Water management vulnerability estimation' in Korea. Vulnerability is estimated dividing into flood mitigation and water resource management. Temporal resolution is 2000 year and the future 2020 year, 2050 year, 2100 year via A1B scenario. Time series data was normalized. Then weight that is gotten through delphi investigation was multiplied. Vulnerability is calculated through this process. In flood mitigation vulnerability, it was estimated to adaptation ability affect relatively biggest influence. In future, some area of Gangwon-do was analyzed that the flood mitigation vulnerability increases. In water resource management, it was estimated to climate exposure affect relatively biggest influence. At 2020 yr, there is a trend toward increased in the Chungcheongbuk-do and DaeJeon, Daegu, some area of Gyeongsangnamdo. Because this study evaluate relative vulnerability of whole country and analyzed spatial distribution, when local government establishes climate change adaptation details enforcement countermeasure, this study can give help to grasp whether should invest more in some field.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.201-211
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• 2008

According to IPCC fourth assessment report in 2007, global mean temperatures have risen by 0.74 degrees Celsius over the past 100 years. Moreover, in the recent 25 years, global mean temperatures have risen by 0.45 degrees Celsius, which is 2.4-times larger than those in the past 100 years. The evidences for climate change, such as sea level rise, arctic glacier melt, and desertification in Asia, have occurred and increased over the globe. In Korea, because regional climate has been changed, types of agriculture and fishery should be replaced. And as precipitation pattern behave differently from the past decades, water management would be more difficult, furthermore, atmospheric environment, related to concentrations for ozone, sulfate, etc., could be worse. Nevertheless, we have only focused on greenhouse gas reduction duty for the Convention of Climate Change. Fortunately, in the fourth plan on climate change, we have planned to manage climate change more actively since 2007. In Korea, the emission of carbon dioxide has increased about 1.9-times more, from 311million ton in 1990 to 591million ton in 2004. And also about 2 ppm rise every year for concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As a result, ecosystem, quality of water and atmosphere would be affected. Here, the emission of greenhouse gases over the globe is examined, and the effect of greenhouse gases for climate change is reviewed from the results of previous studies. In addition, the countermeasures of mitigation and adaptation on climate change were discussed for the understanding.