• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

In this paper, to propose a new approach to real-time eye tracking. Existing methods of tracking the user's attention to the little I move my head was not going to get bad results for each of the users needed to perform the calibration process. Infrared eye tracking methods proposed lighting and Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) By using the calibration process, the movement of the head is large, even without the reliable and accurate eye tracking, mapping function was to enable each of the calibration process by the generalization can be omitted, did not participate in the study eye other users tracking was possible. Experimental results of facial movements that an average 90% of cases, other users on average 85% of the eye tracking results were shown.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2015

표면영상유속계(Surface Image Velocimety, SIV)는 하천 표면의 영상을 분석하여 유속을 산정하는 매우 실용적이며 간편한 유속측정 방법이다. 그러나 표면영상유속계는 수표면의 움직임을 계산하여 표면유속을 산정하기 때문에 빛이 없는 야간의 경우 수표면의 움직임을 촬영하기 어려워 밤에 발생하는 홍수 유량 측정이 어려운 단점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 수표면에 야광 입자를 흘려 촬영하는 방법이 있었으나 대하천의 경우 야광물질의 크기가 작아 영상 내에서 식별이 어려운 문제가 있었고, 높은 밝기의 조명을 사용하여 영상을 획득하는 방법 또한 수행되었으나 빛이 수표면에 반사되어 하천 전체를 촬영하기 어려운 문제점이 있었다. 이 후 근적외선 카메라를 이용하여 야간 측정의 어려움을 극복하고자 하였으나 촬영범위가 최대 50 m 정도로 조사 거리의 한계를 나타내었다. 최근 Fujita(2013)는 원적외선카메라를 이용한 하천 유량 측정을 실시하였는데 이는 기존 야간촬영 시 시도되었던 방법의 문제점을 해결할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 원적외선 카메라를 이용한 표면영상유속계의 적용성을 검토하고자 실험수로에서 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 시 주간 및 야간의 상황을 설정하여 원적외선 카메라, 근적외선 카메라 그리고 일반 캠코더를 이용하여 흐름을 촬영하였다. 또한 프로펠러유속계를 이용하여 흐름의 표면유속을 측정하였다. 원적외선 카메라를 이용하여 촬영된 영상을 상호상관법을 이용하여 표면유속을 측정하였고, 이를 프로펠러유속계 측정결과와 비교하여 정확도를 검토하였다. 또한 일반 캠코더와 근적외선카메라의 영상 분석 결과와도 비교하여 개선점을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2017

영상처리 기법을 이용한 유속 측정 방법인 표면영상유속계는 비접촉식으로 간편하게 유속을 측정할 수 있다는 장점이 있지만 영상 내 추적자의 움직임을 식별하기 어려운 야간의 경우와 새벽의 안개가 발생하는 경우에 대한 유속 측정의 어려움이 있었다. 표면영상유속계를 이용한 야간 유속 측정은 조명과 적외선 카메라를 이용하여 수표면을 가시화하는 방법을 통해 현장 적용성을 검증하였으나, 안개 발생 상황에서는 적용하기 어렵다는 한계가 있었다. 야간과 안개 등의 한계를 동시에 극복하기 위한 방법으로 원적외선 카메라를 이용한 연구들이 이루어지고 있지만 아직 시작단계이고, 원적외선의 경우 주변 환경 변화에 따라 물체의 표면온도가 검출되는 파장이 달라져 영상의 품질에 차이가 발생하기 때문에 이에 대한 다양한 실험적 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 야외 개수로에서 드라이아이스를 이용하여 안개 조건을 재현하고, 다양한 흐름 조건에서 원적외선 영상을 이용한 표면유속 측정 적용성을 검토하였다. 안개가 발생하는 경우 원적외선 표면영상 유속계를 적용한 결과 안개가 없을 때의 유속 측정 결과와 거의 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 원적외선 카메라를 이용한 표면유속 측정 방법은 야간과 안개가 발생하는 상황에 모두 사용하기에 적합한 것을 나타났다. 향후 하천 유량조사에 원적외선 카메라를 활용한다면 기존의 표면영상유속계의 비가시 환경에 대한 한계들을 많은 부분 극복할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.139-146
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• 2008

Masked fake face detection using ordinary visible images is a formidable task when the mask is accurately made with special makeup. Considering recent advances in special makeup technology, a reliable solution to detect masked fake faces is essential to the development of a complete face recognition system. This research proposes a method for masked fake face detection that exploits reflectance disparity due to object material and its surface color. First, we have shown that measuring of albedo can be simplified to radiance measurement when a practical face recognition system is deployed under the user-cooperative environment. This enables us to obtain albedo just by grey values in the image captured. Second, we have found that 850nm infrared light is effective to discriminate between facial skin and mask material using reflectance disparity. On the other hand, 650nm visible light is known to be suitable for distinguishing different facial skin colors between ethnic groups. We use a 2D vector consisting of radiance measurements under 850nm and 659nm illumination as a feature vector. Facial skin and mask material show linearly separable distributions in the feature space. By employing FIB, we have achieved 97.8% accuracy in fake face detection. Our method is applicable to faces of different skin colors, and can be easily implemented into commercial face recognition systems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.745-752
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• 2016

In the era of the Internet of Things, where all physical objects are connected to the Internet, we suggest a remote control system using a Raspberry Pi single-board computer with ZigBee, which can turn an indoor light-emitting diode (LED) and a multiple-tap on and off, and with a smart phone can control the brightness of the LED as well as an electronic door lock. By connecting an infrared (IR) transmitter module to the Raspberry Pi, we can control home appliances, such as an air conditioner, and we can also monitor indoor images, indoor temperatures, and illumination by using a smart phone app. We developed a method of finding out IR transmission codes required for remote-controllable appliances with an AVR micro-controller. We suggest a method to remotely open and shut an office door by novating the door lock. The brightness level of an LED (between 0 and 10) can be controlled through a PWM signal generated by an ATmega88 microcontroller. A mutiple-tap is controlled using an ATmega32, a photo-coupler, and a TRIAC. The signals for measured temperature and illumination are converted from analog to digital by using the ATtiny44A microcontroller transmitting to a Raspberry Pi through SPI communication. Then, we connect a camera to the CSI head of the Raspberry Pi. We can turn on the smart multiple-tap for a certain period of time, or we can schedule the multi-tap to turn on at a specific time. To reduce standby power, people usually pull out a power code from multiple-taps or turn off a switch. Our method helps people do the same thing with a smart phone, if they are away from home.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.49-64
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• 2008

Recently, many researches about making more comfortable input device based on gaze detection technology have been done in human computer interface. However, the system cost becomes high due to the complicated hardware and there is difficulty to use the gaze detection system due to the complicated user calibration procedure. In this paper, we propose a new gaze detection method based on the 2D analysis and a simple user calibration. Our method used a small USB (Universal Serial Bus) camera attached on a HMD (Head-Mounted Display), hot-mirror and IR (Infra-Red) light illuminator. Because the HMD is moved according to user's facial movement, we can implement the gaze detection system of which performance is not affected by facial movement. In addition, we apply our gaze detection system to 3D first person shooting game. From that, the gaze direction of game character is controlled by our gaze detection method and it can target the enemy character and shoot, which can increase the immersion and interest of game. Experimental results showed that the game and gaze detection system could be operated at real-time speed in one desktop computer and we could obtain the gaze detection accuracy of 0.88 degrees. In addition, we could know our gaze detection technology could replace the conventional mouse in the 3D first person shooting game.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2004

Gaze detection is to locate the position on a monitor screen where a user is looking by computer vision. Gaze detection systems have numerous fields of application. They are applicable to the man-machine interface for helping the handicapped to use computers and the view control in three dimensional simulation programs. In our work, we implement it with a computer vision system setting a IR-LED based single camera. To detect the gaze position, we locate facial features, which is effectively performed with IR-LED based camera and SVM(Support Vector Machine). When a user gazes at a position of monitor, we can compute the 3D positions of those features based on 3D rotation and translation estimation and affine transform. Finally, the gaze position by the facial movements is computed from the normal vector of the plane determined by those computed 3D positions of features. In addition, we use a trained neural network to detect the gaze position by eye's movement. As experimental results, we can obtain the facial and eye gaze position on a monitor and the gaze position accuracy between the computed positions and the real ones is about 4.8 cm of RMS error.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

In recent years, concern has been raised about the technique of controlling electrical breakdown by using laser in many fields. Especially, laser has attracted much attention in the Electro-Discharge Machining(EDM) because of its many rrents. 1berefore, this research has been perfonred to obtain fundarrental data for the discharge guide technology by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser which can be awJied to discharge processing machining. 1be experilnnts of laser-guided de discharge have been carried out at low air pressure ranging from 0.2 to 20 torr. The minimum laser-guided de discharge voltage $V_{G.min}$ at the given pressures P and distances d between an anode and a cathode was rreasured It is found that $V_{G.min}$ is much lower than the natural discharge voltage $V_{ND}$, and the values of VGrrin and $V_{ND}$ as a function of P.d has a similar tendency. The laser output energy $E_{out}$ decreases with input pulse duration $t_p$ increasing, and the rrore the value of $t_p$ increases, the higher that of V$V_{G.min}$ is obtained because the number of photons N decreases with $t_p$ increasing. In addition, the laser-guided de discharge range and the discharge guide characteristics as laser outpIt $E_{out}$ was investigated.igated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.581-584
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• 2009

Recently, the cameras which used for observation are installed in children protection area and local crime prevention area in order to protect life and property and by its work being recognized and are installed more. Normal cameras have cost problem to observe multiple area and detail, because they can observe only one place. PTZ camera can observe multiple area by moving focus by schedule or remote control, but it can't automatically move the focus of it to the place where event occurred, because it can't recognize the place. In this study, we can monitor multiple area effectively, by installing a wireless sensor node equipped with temperature, lighting, gas and human detection sensor to each area, to monitor many place low-price and actively and to move the focus of PTZ camera to preset position, and send recorded video to the user, when the various sensor data received from wireless sensors in observation area are to be determined abnormal by analyzing. In addition, at night we can record a scene using infrared, but to reduce power consumption of lighting system which are installed to improve resolution, it supplies power to the lighting system when event occurred. So we were able to implement low power green monitoring system.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.923-932
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a GRNN(: Generalized Regression Neural Network) algorithms for new eyes and face recognition identification system to solve the points that need corrective action in accordance with the existing problems of facial movements gaze upon it difficult to identify the user and. Using a Kalman filter structural information elements of a face feature to determine the authenticity of the face was estimated future location using the location information of the current head and the treatment time is relatively fast horizontal and vertical elements of the face using a histogram analysis the detected. And the light obtained by configuring the infrared illuminator pupil effects in real-time detection of the pupil, the pupil tracking was to extract the text print vector. The abstract is to be in fully-justified italicized text as it is here, below the author information.