• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.161-183
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• 2009

지난 30년 동안 출산율은 대부분의 국가에서 감소했다. 그리고 전 세계 인구의 절반 이상은 대체수준 이하의 출산력 수준에 이르고 있다. 합계출산율이 1.5 혹은 그 이하의 출산력 수준을 보이는 국가의 수도 계속 증가하고 있다. 저출산의 확산과 함께 합계출산율 1.3 이하를 의미하는 초저출산 현상도 크게 주목받고 있다. 앞으로 저출산이 멈출 것인지, 출산율이 회복될 것인지 혹은 지속적으로 감소할 것인지에 대해서는 아무도 쉽게 답할 수 없다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근 산업국가들이 보여주고 있는 저출산 기조는 상당 기간 지속될 것으로 보는 견해가 일반적이다. 이 글은 저출산 및 초저출산 현상을 어떻게 설명할 것인가에 대한 이론적 논의를 검토하고, 이러한 논의가 한국 사회의 인구학적 변화에 어떤 함의를 지니고 있는가를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 우선 저출산을 설명하는데 유용한 이론적 틀을 검토하고자 한다. 이들은 제2차 인구변천이론, 합리적 선택이론, 위험이론, 양성평등 이론, 선호이론, 젠더와 시장이론 등을 포함한다. 이를 기반으로 본 연구는 한국사회의 저출산 현상을 설명하는 연구들의 특성과 시사점 등을 검토하고자 한다.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-52
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of policies in response to low fertility in Korea. Using a recent nationwide survey on marriage and fertility, this study analyzes the effect of low fertility policies on plan of further birth among young married women according to the number of their children. Awareness of polices in response to low fertility is relatively high, showing the great differences among policy measures. In contrast, the degree of polices in response to low fertility is very low. ranging from 2.0% to 27.6%. The distribution of awareness and experience is different according to the number of children. The results of logistic regression analysis show that awareness of polices in response to low fertility such as economic support, promotion of equality of the sexes significantly affects on plan of further birth. However, this effects disappear when we apply parity specific approach. For example, the plan for first child is quite universal as no difference is found by their awareness of policies in response to low fertility. Similar results are found in married women having plan for second child and third child. With respect to the degree of experience of policies in response to low fertility, the results show that economic support, work-family coexistence, and promotion of equality of the sexes significantly affects the plan of further birth. Like awareness of policies in response to low fertility, these effects disappear as we apply parity specific approach. The results indicate that the effect of policies in response to low fertility differs by the current number of children. Thus, consideration of such difference would help us deepen our understanding of fertility behaviors and polices in response to low fertility.

• Proceedings of the Population Association of Korea Conference
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.131-152
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• 2006

This study examines the causal mechanisms of low fertility and regional differentials in Korea. Utilizing the 2005 census and the 2005 vital statistics, and labor statistics at the regional level, major variables were calculated for administrative units of 234 'Gu's, 'Si's and 'Gun's. Gender equity orientation, labor market insecurity and family formation were hypothesized as key factors of recent decline in Korean fertility. This study first presents four maps of gender equity orientation, labor market insecurity, family formation and fertility. Then ANOVA and path analysis were carried out in an effort to generalize the causal mechanisms. Results of analysis reveal that gender equity orientation has played a central role in the second fertility transition in Korea. In metropolitan regions, however, labor market insecurity is found to have a significant influence on the level of family formation and fertility. Family formation also turns out to be an important intermediate variable of fertility.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.95-116
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to explore the role of Home Economics Education for low fertility Aged Society. Hence home economics educational contents for low fertility Aged Society was estsblished extracting the contents from both Revised 2007 Home Economics Curriculum and government. policy for low fertility Aged Society. Also home economics educational contents for low fertility Aged Society("Home Economics Class for both parents and Children") implemented in Healthy Family Support Center. The main results of the study are as follows. Firstly, Home Economics Education for low fertility Aged Society should be emphasized with the contents such as marriage of one's choice, family life reinforcement, healthy family culture and neighborhood living together. Secondly, the goal of home economics education is very similar to the action plans of Saeromaji Project 2010 which are 'social responsibility reinforcement for marriage, birth and child rearing', 'balancing family and work', 'family-friendly culture' and 'security for the aged with health and care'. It has also much in common with the project plans by Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education 'family-friendly culture and filial duty education reinforcement', 'school education reinforcement regarding Low Fertility-Aged Society' and 'values education reinforcement for gender equality society'. Thirdly, "Home Economics Class for both parents and Children" applied in Healthy Family Support Center in Jung-gu, Seoul. This ensures home economic education can play a leading role in the social education filed.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.141-159
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• 2009

우리나라는 2002년 초저출산 사회(합계출산율 1.3명 이하)로 진입한 후 합계출산율이 평균 1.2 이하인 상황이 지속되고 있다. 이러한 초저출산 상황이 향후 지속된다면 인구고령화의 사회 경제적 여파가 예상보다 클 것으로 전망된다. 과연 이런 초저출산 추세가 일시적인 것인지 아니면 앞으로 계속 지속될 것인지에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 최근 저출산함정 가설(low fertility trap hypothesis)을 제기한 Lutz, Skirbekk and Testa(2006)의 논의를 소개한다. 그들은 크게 인구학적, 사회적, 그리고 경제적 요인과 같이 3가지 요인으로 구분하여 저출산함정의 존재 가능성을 논하고 있다. 그렇다면 과연 우리나라는 저출산함정에 빠져 있는가? 먼저 고령화 가설의 경우 출생아수와 고령화간 부(-)의 관계가 나타나고 있으며, 최근 이상자녀수가 2.2~2.3명이지만, 실제자녀수는 그 수준을 하회하고 있어 이상자녀수가설도 지지된다. 상대소득가설의 경우, 류덕현(2007)의 연구결과에 따르면 연령 계층 간 상대소득이 출산율에 정(+)의 효과를 보여 상대소득가설이 지지되는 것으로 나타났다. 물론 제한된 영역에서 완벽한 검증이 이루어진 것은 아니지만, 적어도 출산율이 대체수준까지 회복되기에는 어려운 상황이라는 점을 발견할 수 있었으며, 이는 우리나라의 저출산 문제가 얼마나 심각한 수준인지를 재확인시켜준다.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.65
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• pp.55-80
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• 2021

This study attempted to find a Christian religious alternative to the seriousness of the problem of low birth rate which has become a national and social problem, and its alternative. Korea is a low birth rate country. The phenomenon of low birth rate and childbirth avoidance is a reality that not only are national problems but also Korean churches are experiencing serious problems, and will continue to affect them. It will affect the church in four major ways. First, is a sharp decline in the number of members. Second, is the decline of Sunday schools. Third, various family problems and generational conflicts will arise. And it brings problems such as a crisis of faith among members. Young people living today have an unconventional attitude toward marriage, childbirth, and parenting. But for Christians, childbirth is a way of living in that God blessed us to "be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth." In other words, childbirth must be recognized as a blessing from God, not a human decision. Therefore, we must know how precious the fetus is in front of God and that it is a precious life. Thus, we should be interested in how to nurture the life God has given. To do so the church's role is education is to shape the value of life from a biblical perspective. Therefore the church needs to see how the Christian faith of young and married couples who are about to marry, give birth, and raise children, affects the childbirth and rearing of children. And it is necessary to study what the role of church and Christian education is to solve the problem of low birth rate and to suggest alternatives. For this study, we will first identify the factors of low birth rate. Then we will confirm childbirth and the blessing of God through the Bible. Finally, the role of the church in low birth rate and educational alternatives will be presented.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the role of home economics education in a low fertility society in the contexts of curriculum contents, community involvement, public policy participation, and advocacy. The results showed following. First, home economics is a key subject matter in dealing with a low fertility problem among 2007 revised curriculum for secondary education level. Home economics curriculum contents was systematically organized through 8th grade to 10th grade in 4 units, where as curricula contents of social studies, science, and moral education deal with a low fertility problem in partial. Second, it is proposed to be active in community involvement incorporating with secondary education, college education, and lifelong education by service learning, outreach program, and extension program. Third, public policy and advocacy participation of home economics teachers are crucial for transformative leadership and practice in enhancing the condition of individual, family, and community wellbeing such as a low fertility problem. To perform this role of home economics education, home economics teachers should participate in developing curricula and teaching materials for the extra curricula activity, creative experiencing activity, and service learning activity. Home economics teacher educators also should actively involved in outreach program and extension program as well as in public policy advocacy activity for solving a low fertility problem.

• 가정의 벗
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• v.37 no.10 s.434
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• pp.30-31
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• 2004

저출산 문제는 일본, 한국, 홍콩, 유럽 등 모든 선진국에서 매우 심각하고 심지어 가톨릭 국가인 이태리나 스페인에서도 매우 심각하다. 미국은 이민을 많이 받아들이고 있어 유일하게 예외적이다. 싱가폴에서도 저출산은 매우 심각한 국가문제로 결혼, 자녀, 육아, 직장에서 행복한 가정생활에 필요한 여건과 제도 마련을 위해 노력하고 있다.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2012

The sharp decline of fertility in industrialized countries since the 19th century constitutes a major problem for evolutionary approaches to human behavior. Why would people voluntarily reduce their total number of offspring, despite the fact that resources are so abundant in modern times? Here I review three evolutionary hypotheses for low fertility in modern societies, and discuss how the evolutionary perspective could shed new light on solving the problem of low fertility in Korea. Low fertility may be 1) a maladaptive outcome from the mismatch between our ancestral environments and evolutionarily novel environments, 2) a consequence of gene-culture coevolution where traits that reduce genetic fitness can still spread through a population as a result of imitation, especially if the traits are expressed by high-status people, or 3) an adaptation that maximize parents' long-term genetic fitness in knowledge-based industrialized societies where high parental investment is required for rearing competitive offspring. Based on these considerations, I suggest how the evolutionary explanations of low fertility can be applied to increasing the birth rate in Korea.

• Proceedings of the KHMA Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.277-277
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• 2008