• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.201-211
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• 2022

The macroinvertebrate community in the Singal reservoir, Yedang and Juam lake was investigated three times from April 2021 to October 2021. Each lake was investigated by dividing it into inflow, middle-flow, and outflow. Additionally, sampling was conducted again by dividing it into the edge and center parts at each inflow, middle-flow, and outflow. Eight families of benthic macroinvertebrates were collected except for chironomids in the sampling sites. Dominant macroinvertebrates were investigated as chironomids, and Tubificidae was sub-dominant organisms. The density of macroinvertebrate community was higher in the edge area than in the center bottom of the lakes. The density of chironomids was low when the water level was high but was high when the water level was low. In the edge area of the middle-flow in Singal reservoir, the density of chironomids was 1,208 ind. m^-2 in April when the water level was high, but it increased to 1,401 ind. m^-2 in July when the water level was low. Similarly, the density of chironomids at the outflow of Yedang lake was high (1,990 ind. m^-2) in July when the water level was low. The density of chironomids also decreased along with the increasing water level at all edge areas of Juam lake. These results indicated that it will be necessary to consider the water level when studying macroinvertebrate communities in the lake.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 2019

Benthic macroinvertebrates were analyzed in March, June, September, and December 2018 to evaluate water quality in the Songji River in Sacheon-ci, Korea. The identified benthic macroinvertebrates included 447 individuals belonging to 20 species, 18 families, 12 orders, 5 classes, and 3 phyla. Various ecological parameters were estimated for evaluation of the river status. The total ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (TESB) varied from 17 (Station D) to 41 (Station A). The saprobic index and ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community (ESB) for the evaluation of river status revealed a water quality evaluation at Station A of II (oligosaprobic), indicating some satisfactory water protection. The benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMI) varied from 25.207 (Site C) to 39.348 (Station A). The evaluation of the river status at Stations C and D was polysaprobic, and sensitive taxa were absent. The mean Shannon-Weaver index (H') of diversity varied from 1.288 (Station D) to 2.250 (Station A). The classification of saprobity based on H' was ${\beta}$-mesosaprobic at Station A and ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic at the other stations. The value of geometric density was varied from 1.229 (Station A) to 2.071 (Station D), with a mean of 1.582. An artificial load is being added to this river. One of load is the rectal river construction which flows straight through the river physics. Thus, the environment of living organisms deteriorates due to insufficient water. In order to secure the quality of the Songji River and a good environmental habitat, several low-height stepped-beam structures are required.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.7-7
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• 1995

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.686-694
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate that affect benthic macroinvertebrates for installed erosion control works at a mountain torrential stream. The survey was carried out six times from April 2007 to October 2008 at two points where erosion control works were installed and at a control point in the upstream with no such works. Variations in the community structure and cluster of benthic macroinvertebrates and ecological water quality were analyzed in the survey. From the six times survey, the identified benthic macroinvertebrates were 6,922 individuals belonged to 27 species, 24 families, 13 orders, 6 classes and 4 phyla. As the average results of three surveyed sites, the dominant species was Gammarus sobaegensis of Amphipoda. The species diversity index(H') showed the highest as 1.47 at Site 2 of the fourth survey and the lowest as 0.24 at Site 2 of the sixth survey. The evenness Index(EI) showed the highest as 0.823 at Site 2 of the fourth survey and the lowest as 0.194 at Site 1 of the fifth survey. The richness index(RI) showed the highest as 2.794 at Site 1 of the first survey and the lowest as 0.291 at Site 2 of the sixth survey. The ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community(ESB) and individual of EPT-group were declined during the survey period. The functional feeding group(FFG) showed the highest SH types during the survey period.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the benthic macroinvertebrates community of three surveyed sites, Kwangdeok-gyo, Yangeochang, and Gudam-gyo, located at Gudam in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 47 species, 26 families, 11 orders, 5 class, 3 phyla. Among these phyla, aquatic insects in Arthropoda were 38 species, 20 families and 5 orders. Each of sites has shown the particular situation of aquatic insect fauna on the species composition. Chironomus sp. at the all surveyed sites was dominant species. Dominance indices(DI) showed most highly at St. 2 and lowly at St. 1. The species diversity indices(H') showed the highest at St. 1 and lowest at St. 2. Dominance indices ranged 0.40~1.00(mean, 0.69), and species diversity indices ranged 0.04~3.40(mean. 1.98).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.970-970
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• 2012

최근 치수의 기능을 수행하면서 원래 자연하천의 모습을 보전 혹은 복원하는 "생태하천 복원 공법"의 필요성이 대두되고 있으나 구체적인 공법에 대한 연구는 미미한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 하천 내 시설물의 조성 시 유황에 따른 자연 하안 유도와 습지형태의 생물 서식공간 조성 유무를 평가하기 위하여 평창강 일원에 목재 유도틀을 설치하고 이에 따른 지형변화, 저서무척추동물을 포함한 수생생물들의 서식특성을 분석하였다. 평창강 금당계곡 일원을 대상으로 RMA-2 모형의 범용프로그램인 SMS 모형을 통해 수리 특성분석을 실시하였고 안산에 있는 수리모형 실험장에서 기본 수리특성 실험 후 수리적 안정성이 확보된 지점에 목재 유도틀을 2009년 9월에 설치하여 유도틀 설치 전과 설치 후 2010년 10월까지의 지형변화를 분석하였다. 지형의 측량은 광파측정기(니콘 DTM-520)로 하였으며 측량된 자료를 이용하여 Contour Map을 작성하여 지형변화를 분석하였고, 유도틀 설치지역을 중심으로 2010년에 3차에 걸쳐 지형 및 생물상 변화에 대한 정량 및 정성조사를 실시하여 비교분석 하였다. 유도틀 설치 후 2010년 하절기에 집중호우에 의한 유도틀의 파손 및 형태변형 등 문제가 없어 수리적으로 안정한 것으로 판단되었다. 지형 변화의 측면에서는 유도틀 조성 전 사질로 되어있던 단순한 선형의 하안이 유도틀 설치 후 다양한 하상재질 및 형태가 변화했으며 유도틀의 배치에 따라서 굼치 및 둠벙형 습지가 형성되었다. 유도틀 설치지역의 3개지점(상부, 중간배후습지, 하부)에서 저서무척추동물에 대하여 모니터링한 결과, 설치된 유도틀의 중간지점에서 가장 높게 종의 서식이 확인되었으며 상부지점과 하부지점은 상대적으로 낮게 나왔으나 상부지점 보다는 하부지점이 양호하게 나타났다. 조사시기별 개체수의 변화에서는 종수변화와 패턴이 유사하게 나타났으며 깔다구와 꼬마줄날도래등 특정종의 증식이 많았다. 또한, 굼치 및 둠벙형 습지 내에 어류의 치어 및 유어, 양서류, 파충류등 다양한 생물의 서식이 확인되었다. 이는 유도틀에 의해 생성 및 유도된 지형변화가 하천을 기반으로 생활하는 생물들에게 다양한 피난처 및 은신처 역할을 잘 제공하고 있음을 보여준다.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2024

The river ecosystems are influenced by numerous human activities such as agriculture and industrial operations, and benthic macroinvertebrates are utilized as important biological indicators. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of land use surrounding rivers on river ecosystems in two industrial areas and two agricultural areas in Pyeongtaek city. We measured water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH for physicochemical water quality assessment, and conducted water environment evaluation using benthic macroinvertebrates, cluster analysis, BMI, and ESB. Through water environment assessment, the environmental condition of rivers in agricultural areas was found to be more favorable compared to those in industrial areas. Consequently, it was observed that the impact on river ecosystems varied depending on the differences in anthropogenic activities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.353-368
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• 2016

This study surveyed the diversity and distributional characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates and freshwater fish during the period from April to October, 2015 in Seonun Mountain Provincial Park. As a result, a total of 78 species of benthic macroinvertebrates belonging to 50 families, 16 orders, and four phyla were observed in Seonun stream; additionally, 25 species of freshwater fish belonging to six families were identified in all the investigated sites. Among benthic macroinvertebrates, Ephemeroptera(13 spp.: 22.81%) was the largest group in terms of species richness. In the FFGs, gathering-collectors(30 spp.: 36.14%) were relatively larger as represented by Ephemeroptera that usually inhabit fast flowing streams. In the HOGs, clingers(23 spp.: 29.49%) and burrowers(17 spp.: 21.79%) were the dominant groups. For both EPT ratio and ESB index, site 8 appeared to be the highest with 44.44% and 72 marks respectively, while the sites 4 and 9 showed relatively lower rates and indices. According to the results of evaluation, site 8 needs to be designated as the highest protection area while the sites 4 and 9 may be designated as target areas for preferential improvement. According to the analysis of fish community, the dominant species was Zacco teminchkii(333 inds.: 36.80%), and the dominant index was the lowest(0.24) and diversity index was the highest(1.81) at site 8, which therefore represents a stable freshwater fish community. In this survey, six Korean endemic species were identified: Ephemera separigata, Neoperla coreensis, Rhodeus uyekii, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, and Iksookimia koreensis. Also, three species belonging to the management of exportable group(Davidius lunatus, E. separigara, N. coreenis) were observed. Two habitat specific species: Thraulus grandis and Anguilla marmorata, were found for the first time in Gochang area and marked on the Korean distribution map through discussion.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.603-617
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• 2018

This study surveyed the diversity and community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates and freshwater fish, which are the main animal classifications in a hydro ecosystem, from May to September 2017 in the western plains of the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The results showed a total of 125 species of benthic macroinvertebrates belonging to 66 families, 19 orders, and four phyla in the streams and wetlands. Among benthic macroinvertebrates, Coleoptera (27 spp.: 21.60%) was the largest group in terms of species richness followed by Odonata (26 spp.: 20.80%), non-Insecta (22 spp.: 17.60%), and Hemiptera (11 spp.: 8.80%) occupying in the lentic area. Of the feeding function groups (FFGs), predators (51 spp.: 56.67%) showed a relatively larger presence, indicating the dominance of hygrophilous invertebrates that usually inhabit the freshwater wetlands or ponds. Of the habitat oriented groups (HOGs), climbers (33 spp.: 24.44%) and burrowers (17 spp.: 12.59%) were the dominant groups. This observation is typical in a slow flowing habitat and can lead to the disturbance of the ecosystem due to cannibalism among predators. Cannibalism can be caused by stress induced by various population and environmental factors. For the ecosystem services benchmark (ESB) value, site 13 appeared to be the highest with 82 marks while other sites showed relatively lower rates and indices (III water quality class with ${\alpha}$-mesosaprobic). The analysis result of stability factors showed that almost all sites were evaluated to be the I characteristic group with high resilience and resistance or the III characteristic group that was sensitive to environmental disturbance and formed uneven and unstable communities. Of the freshwater fishes, 46 species (3,405 individuals) belonging to 39 families and 18 orders were identified in all the investigated sites. Among them, Cyprinidae (30 spp.: 65.2%) was the largest group, and Zacco koreanus was identified as the dominant species (728 individuals, 21.4%). The survey of freshwater fish communities found both stable communities (sites 7 and 13) with low dominant index (0.39) and high diversity index (2.29) and unstable communities (sites 2, 3, 8, and 10) in opposite tendency. This survey found five Korean endemic species, 17 species belonging to the export controlled species, two endangered species level II (Lethocerus deyrollei and Cybister chinensis), and rare species (Dytiscus marginalis czerskii) among benthic macroinvertebrates. The survey also found an invasive species, Ampullarius insularus, which was distributed throughout the whole area and thus can continuously disturb the ecosystem in the western plain area in the DMZ. Of freshwater fish, one natural monument (Hemibarbus mylodon) and three endangered species level II (Acheilognathus signifer, Gobiobotia macrocephalus, and G. brevibarba) were observed. The survey also found four introduced species (Pomacea canaliculate, Carassius cuvieri, Lepomis macrochirus, Micropterus salmoides) in the western DMZ area, indicating the need for the protection and conservation measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

The spatial variability in the food chain structure of an estuarine environment(Nanakita estuarine, Japan) was investigated using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope. Potential organic matter sources(TP:Terrstrial Plant, MPOM:Marine particulate organic matter, BMA:Benthic microalgae, EPOM:Estuarine particulate organic matter), sedimentary organic matter and benthic invertebrates(Nuttallia olivacea and Nereidae) were sampled at four locations with different tidal flat types(e.g. sanddy, sanddy-muddy and muddy). The main objective of the present study was to determine food sources of Nuttallia olivacea and Nereidae along with small-scale spatial variability within the community of benthic invertebrates. TP(${\delta}^{13}C=-26.6{\pm}0.76$ and ${\delta}^{15}N=2.7{\pm}0.31$) and EPOM(${\delta}^{13}C=-25.5{\pm}0.13$ and ${\delta}^{15}N=5.2{\pm}0.46$) were isotopically distinct from BMA(${\delta}^{13}C=-16.3$ and ${\delta}^{15}N=6.2$) and MPOM(${\delta}^{13}C=-19.6{\pm}0.08$ and ${\delta}^{15}N=8.9{\pm}1.70$). ${\delta}^{13}C$ values of sedimentary organic matter showed a distinct gradient in the range of -27.4 to -22.8‰ with a declining trend from the upstream to the downstream stations. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of benthic invertebrates in the study site was -22.8 to -18.4‰ for ${\delta}^{16}C$ and 8.1 to 11.9‰ or ${\delta}^{15}N$, respectively. Mixing model(Isosource) calculations based on stable isotope measurements showed that benthic invertebrates of Nuttallia olivacea and Nereidae were found to be dominated by MPOM and BMA in stations. Whereas, TP and EPOM showed little influence to benthic invertebrates. The current result suggests that the different contribution for benthic invertebrates should be affected by both seasonal variation and physical factor among stations.