• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2008

In this paper, vertical earth pressure by CANDE program is compared with that by some equations such as the equation by Janssen, Marston, Spangler, and Handy to calculate vertical earth pressure with respect to several factors acting on a rigid buried-pipe filled cohesionless soil. As a result of comparative analysis of vertical earth pressure with each equation, primary factors are affected by backfill width, backfill depth and wall friction. Moreover, vertical earth pressure is linearly increased with backfill depth and width from results of the finite element method. Handy's Equation is reasonable for finite element method while Marston equation is overestimated in case of the design of buried-pipe and box.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

When narrowly excavated in the urban area, the wall of backfill space is not only symmetrical but also asymmetrical. In this case, the horizontal stress induced by backfilling depends mostly on the wall asymmetry and the wall friction angle. Therefore, in this study, the model test in the laboratory was conducted to investigate horizontal earth pressure with depth considering various boundary conditions such as base width, wall friction, relative density of backfill, and wall angle. As the wall is smoother and wall angle is lower from the bottom, the results showed higher the horizontal stresses due to the increase of vertical stresses.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 1996

To investigate the stability problem of irrigation-drainage channel excavation slope on soft ground, analyzed the behavior of the soft ground with excavation slope by the limit equilibrium method and the finite element method, and compared with field tests. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. When rapid drawdown the water level, the crack was occurred by the effect of the excess pore water pressure, and the pore water pressure was decreased slowly. 2. As the width of excavation was larger, the crack width was larger. And, excavated depth was deeper, the progressive failure was appeared. 3. When the soft ground excavation was small-scale, the minimum safety factor was more effected by cohesion(1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0) than excavated slope inclination(1:l, 1:1.5, 1:2). 4. As excavation was progressed, the settlement occurred on the top-slope due to plastic domain, and heaving was occurred at the bottom of excavation. 5. The maximum shear stress was appeared greatly as the base part of slope went down. Because of the increase of the maximum shear stress, tension area occurred and local failure possibility was increased. 6. As the excavation depth was increased, the maximum shear strain was appeared greatly at the base of slope and distribution pattern was concentrated beneath the middle of slope.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.672-675
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• 2009

동해 울릉분지에서 취득된 다중채널 탄성파자료 해석에 의하면 이 지역에는 가스하이드레이트 부존가능성을 지시하는 해저모방반사면, 탄성파침니/칼럼, 음향공백대, 증폭반사면, 가스분출 구조 등을 포함하는 5가지 탄성파 지시자가 존재한다. 가장 대표적인 지시자인 해저모방반사면은 연구지역의 남쪽사면의 경우 연속성이 양호하고 강한 진폭을 갖는 반면, 북쪽 중앙분지에서는 상대적으로 진폭이 약하고 연속성이 불량하다. 반사도 감소 및 속도 풀업 특징을 갖는 탄성파 침니/칼럼구조는 중앙분지와 북동쪽해역에 주로 분포하며 가스하이드레이트 혹은 가스유체의 부존가능성을 시사해준다. 반사강도가 약화되어 나타나는 음향공백대는 저탁류/원양성 퇴적물이 분포하는 중앙분지에 부분적으로 발달하며, 칼럼과 연계된 음향공백대는 북동쪽 사면저부에 주로 분포한다. 해저모방반사면의 하부에 위치하는 증폭반사면은 연구지역의 서쪽 사면에 분포하며 강한 음의 진폭특성으로 보아 자유가스를 함유한 층으로 해석된다. 가스분출구조는 주로 쇄설성 퇴적물이 우세한 조사지역의 남쪽 대륙사면지역에 광범위하게 분포하며 돔구조 혹은 폭마크 등을 수반한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2011

In this study, in the high expansion cycle was conduced by variable valve timing system composition to close intake valve late, and in the intake air reduction on the low compression was solved by supercharging pressure. In this wise, by constituting Diesel-Atkinson cycle, this study looked into a possibility of thermal efficiency improvement. As a result, there was improvement in thermal efficiency and output in a whole range of closing timing from ABDC $40^{\circ}$ to ABDC $80^{\circ}$. However, after ABDC $70^{\circ}$ of closing timing, the thermal efficiency increase was getting smaller. As the result of the study, the optimum intake valve closing timing was about ABDC $70^{\circ}$, high loading territory of engine was more effective than low loading territory, and engine operation in middle loading territory was stable. At this time, brake thermal efficiency was 12.5% higher than ordinary engine on average.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2006

The evaluation of GB stones with ultrasound has proved to be useful procedure in patient with symptoms of cholelithiasis. GB is evaluated for size, wall thickness, presence of internal reflections within the lumen and posterior acoustic shadowing or enhancement in Ultrsonography. The patient position should be shifted during procedure to demonstrate further the presence of stone within the GB. Patient scanned at the Rt. subcostal region in supine, right lateral, Lt. down decubitus, and upright sitting position. So GB stone should shift to dependent area of GB. Often, GB is not markedly distended in the presence of cholethiasis, and so the diagnosis becomes more difficult. One of the more difficult areas for detection of a GB stones are embeded in the cystic duct region. And since the GB is adjacent to the duodenum and hepatic flexure, its may be difficult to visualizing a GB stone. When patient study position changes frome supine to other position, stones displaced the site. But if its are polyps, not changes the site whatever patient positions. It is very important to what make different GB stones or polyps. We have studied about mobility of GB stones according to the patients position(supine, Lt. down decubitus, $30^{\circ} LAO. sitting and hand-knee). So we have a result, stones wherever localized within the GB, changed 100% its position in the hand-knee position and the others appeared at least 90%. In this study, when a large stones are located through fundus-body and body-neck, does not changing the stones position in spite of varied patient's positions. But hand-knee positions can identified GB stones, because its make changed the position of stons from posterior wall to anterior wall within the GB. We recommend the hand-knee position for differentiation GB stones from polyps.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.14-30
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• 1998

Manganese is an essential element in the body. It is mainly deposited in the liver and to a lesser degree in the basal ganglia of the brain and eliminated through the bile duct. Rapid turnover of managanese in the body makes it difficult to evaluate the manganese exposure in workers, esecially in those with irregular or intermittent exposure, like welders. Therefore, conventional biomarkers, including blood and urine manganese can provide only a limited information about the long-tern or cumulative exposure to manganese. Introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) made a progress in the assessment of manganese exposure in the medical conditions related to manganese accumulation, e. g. hepatic failure and long-term total parenteral nutrition. Manganese shortens spin-lattice(T1) relaxation time on MRI due to its paramagnetic property, resulting in high signal intensity (HSI) on T1-weighted image(T1W1) of MRI. Manganese deposition in the brain, therefore, can be visualizedas an HSI in the globus pallidus, the substantia nigra, the putamen and the pituitary. clinical and epidemiologic studies regarding the MRI findings in the cases of occupational and non-occupational manganese exposure were reviewed. relationships between HSI on T1W1 of MRI and age, gender, occupational manganese exposure, and neurological dysfunction were analysed. Relationships betwen biological exposure indices and HSI on MRE werealso reviewed. Literatures were reviewed to establish the relationships between HSI, Manganese deposition in the brain, pathologic findings, and neurological dysfunction. HSI on T1W1 of MRI reflects regional manganese deposition in the brain. This relationship enables an estimation of regional manganese deposition in the brain by analysing MR signal intensity. Manganese deposition in the brain can induce a neuronal loss in the basal ganglia but functional abnormality is supposed to be related to the cumulative exposure of manganese in the brain, use of brain MRI for the assessment of exposure in a group of workers seems to be hardly rationalized, while ti can be a useful adjunct for the evaluation of manganese exposure int he cases with suspected manganese-related health problems.