• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2009

This study aims to provide preliminary data needed for establishing policies on the environment and disasters of Goryeong county. The main results are as follows. First, the present master plan of the region does not reflect local socio-economic and environmental conditions and the local people's opinion. Second, The air conditions of Gyeongbuk province and Goryeong county are within the permitted limit of air pollution of Korea. Third, the analysis of water pollution index in Nakdong river system shows improvement of water quality in both Andong and Goryeong. Fourth, the conditions of waste collection and disposal are improved in both Gyeongbuk province and Goryeong county. Fifth, in case of environmental pollutant emitting facilities of Gyeongbuk province, the proportion of 1st to 4th grade(relatively much more environmental pollutant emitting quantity than 5th grade) tends to be increasing. Sixth, environmental pollutant emitting facilities of Goryeong county are remarkably increasing in Dasan, Gaegin, Ssangrim, involving industrial complex. Finally, in case of disasters, it is relatively stable in Yecheon, Gumi, Uiseong, Yeongju and Cheongdo, while relatively unstable in Seongju, Gunwi, Yeongcheon, Chilgok, Mungyeong, Bonghwa and Goryeong.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2022

한국농어촌공사 산하의 농업용저수지 중 3786개소에 대한 수질조사를 '19년도에 실시한 결과, TOC 기준 4등급 초과 저수지 비율은 약 20%로써, 도심 근교 저수지에서 녹조현상 빈발로 인해 수질, 악취, 미관 등의 환경문제 개선 민원이 다수 발생하고 있다. 현재 녹조 발생 사후관리를 위해 주로 사용되고 있는 대형 조류제거선은 저수심 수변부에서의 적용성에 한계가 있고, Al 기반의 응집제를 사용하여 조류를 수거해서 폐기하고 있는 실정이다. (주)이엔이티는 농어촌연구원, (주)코레드, (주)삼호인넷과 함께 호소나 정체하천의 수변지역에 적용될 수 있는 저에너지형 유해조류 포집시스템 개발과, 수거된 조류부산물을 무독화하여 농업재료로 재활용하는 방안을 연구하고 있다. 저수지나 정체수역의 녹조는 바람, 수면유동 등에 의해 수변에 집적되는 특성이 있어, 인공지능 기술로 녹조현상을 감시하여 조류 밀집구간에 접근할 수 있는 자율이동식 수상이동장치를 개발 중이다. 수상이동장치는 조류포집장치를 탑재하기 위한 부력체, 원격 운전이 가능한 무인항법장치, 수변식생대 및 저수심지역 이동을 고려한 수차방식 추진체, 전체 장치의 전원 공급을 위한 고성능 배터리 등으로 구성하여 상세 도면 설계를 진행하고 있다. 조류포집장치에는 표층에 주로 분포하는 남조류를 선택 흡입하는 포집 부표를 적용하였고, Al계 응집제 사용을 배제한 분리막 실험을 통해 침지형 막분리조 및 가압형 농축조를 설계하였다. 유해조류 포집 및 농축은 수상에서 이동체에 탑재하여 이뤄지고, 육상에서는 자원 회수가 가능하도록 회분식 응집공정으로 구분하였다. 조류 밀집지역에서 수거된 조류의 무독화 및 농업재료 자원화 타당성 평가를 위해 특용 버섯균주를 활용한 시료별 분석항목을 선정하고 실험 매트릭스에 따라 실증실험을 수행하였다. 수거조류를 전처리하여 성분 및 발열량을 분석하고 버섯재배 전후의 마이크로시스틴 독소(LR, RR, LR)를 포함한 성분 분석을 수행하여, 고체연료, 비료 및 사료로 활용방안을 검토하였다. 무인자율이동 조류포집장치는 실증화 규모로 제작하여 기선정된 테스트베드에서 현장적용성 평가를 수행할 예정이다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 유해조류 포집 시스템은 기존의 녹조제거 방안을 보완하여 정체수역의 생태계 복원 및 친수공간의 환경개선 등에 적용되며, 무독화가 입증된 유해조류의 농업재료 자원화 기술은 고부가 상품 개발 및 환경폐기물 감축에 활용될 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.879-883
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• 2005

우리나라는 하천유역의 도시화 추세 속에 불투수층의 증가로 빗물의 일시 유출로 인한 홍수발생으로 많은 인명과 재산피해가 발생하고 있어 방재적 차원에서의 수자원관리가 시급한 실정이다. 또한, 초기 빗물과 합류식 하수도의 월류수에 의한 하천, 호소, 및 습지의 수질오염문제도 많이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 콘크리트로 제작된 PC 지하식 빗물저류시설로서 상부의 공간은 공원, 운동장, 주차장 등 다양하게 이용하면서 방재와 치수를 가능케 할 수 있다. 또한, PC 콘크리트 빗물저류조는 현장 타설이 아닌 PC콘크리트 블록을 현장에서 조립하여 시공기간이 대폭적으로 단축되고, 작업환경 및 주변환경을 개선시킬 수 있다. 또한, 지하수의 보전, 회복을 위한 빗물저류 침투 시설 역할도 수행하여 비상용수를 확보하고 여름철 홍수 시 빗물을 가두어 재해를 방지하는 등의 다목적 시설로 활용된다. 지하 매립형 빗물저류조는 기존의 암거설계기준을 참조하여 일본의 내진설계 기준을 반영하였으며, 고강도 콘크리트를 사용하여 강도 또한 뛰어나다. 그리고 시공이 간편하고 공기의 단축에 탁월한 효과를 나타내며, 빗물저류조 설치는 다음과 같은 특징이 있다. 1. 지하저류형 빗물저류조 시설로 설계되어 토지의 효과적인 이용이 기대된다. 2. 공사기간이 짧아 경제적이다. 3. 안정된 구조체이다. 4. 부지의 형태에 맞춘 시공이 가능하다. 5. 소규모에서 대규모의 유수지까지 광범위하게 대응이 가능하다. 6. 방재역할 수행 및 빗물이용의 역할을 담당할 수 있다. 7. 불투수층이 증가하고 있는 도시지역에서 적극 활용가능하다.로 판단된다.한 예비방류의 시행과 강우종료 후에도 이수용량에는 손실이 없는 저수지의 관리방안의 지침이 되는데 효율적이라 판단되었다. 방법을 개발하여 개선시킬 필요성이 있다.>$4.3\%$로 가장 근접한 결과를 나타내었으며, 총 유출량에서도 각각 $7.8\%,\;13.2\%$의 오차율을 가지는 것으로 분석되어 타 모형에 비해 실유량과의 차가 가장 적은 것으로 모의되었다. 향후 도시유출을 모의하는 데 가장 근사한 유출량을 산정할 수 있는 근거가 될 것이며, 도시재해 저감대책을 수립하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.로 판단되는 대안들을 제시하는 예비타당성(Prefeasibility) 계획을 수립하였다. 이렇게 제시된 계획은 향후 과학적인 분석(세부평가방법)을 통해 대안을 평가하고 구체적인 타당성(feasibility) 계획을 수립하는데 토대가 될 것이다.{0.11R(mm)}(r^2=0.69)$로 나타났다. 이는 토양의 투수특성에 따라 강우량 증가에 비례하여 점증하는 침투수와 구분되는 현상이었다. 경사와 토양이 같은 조건에서 나지의 경우 역시 $Ro_{B10}(mm)=20.3e^{0.08R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.355-364
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• 2016

Recently, a 3,250 meter-long tunnel was constructed beneath the sea bed formed of composite sedimentary soils to transport reusable waste heat gas of industrial complex in the west coast of Korea. Some risks such as machine settlement always exist due to the uncertainties of geological and construction factors during the subsea shield TBM tunnelling. In this construction site, the deviation of tunnel alignment caused by shield TBM settlement was occurred during excavation. It was examined that the lack of bearing capacity of soft clay was a main cause. This paper evaluates the risk of shield TBM tunnelling considering the ground conditions. Correlation between machine settlement and its advance rate was evaluated through the analytical equation in which bearing capacity is considered and a 3-D numerical analysis which can simulate the TBM advance condition (in other words, the dynamic condition). It was found out that a shield TBM could settle due to the insufficient bearing capacity of soft clay layers. In order to prevent such the problem, the best advance rate proper to the ground characteristics is needed to be applied. In the ground conditions of the section of interest, it was turned out that if the shield TBM advance rate was maintained between 35 mm/min and 40 mm/min, the machine settlement could be avoided.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2013

Coal ash can be added to agricultural soils to increase the chemical properties of soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient availability of - B, Ca, Mo etc-. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of fly ash as a soil amendment in paddy soils. Selected fly ash was mixed with bentonite and calcium hydroxide at the ratio of 80:15:5 (w/w) and manufactured as a pellet type at the size of 10 mm. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fly ash fertilizer on the soil quality and crop growth compare to the control (no fertilizer) and, - traditional fertilizer. Results showed that soil pH and organic matter in paddy soils after applying the manufactured fly ash fertilizer were not increased compared to the other two treatments. However, the concentration of available phosphate and silicate in paddy soils were higher than those of the control and traditional fertilization. With regard to crop growth, no significant difference was observed between three different treatments. However, the content of protein in the rice grain cultivated with the fly ash fertilizer was higher than in the rice cultivated by other two treatments. Overall, fly ash fertilizer could increase the concentration of available silicate and phosphate in the paddy soil and improve the rice quality. In conclusion, fly ash can be utilized in agricultural soils as soil amendment, especially in the rice paddy soil.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.264-271
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• 2013

In this study, we optimized the removal condition of contaminants attached on the scrap surface to recycle the scrap generated from the Zr alloy tube manufacturing process back to the nuclear grade. The main contaminant is remnant of watersoluble cooling lubricant that is used in the pilgering manufacture during the tube production, and it is assumed to be compressed and carbonized on the surface of tube. Zirlo alloy tube of ${\phi}9.50mm$, which has high occurrence frequency of scrap, was selected as the object to be cleaned, and cleaning abilities of reagents were evaluated by measuring the characteristics of contaminants remained and by analyzing the surface of the tube after cleaning process. For evaluation of each cleaning agent, we selected two types of sodium hydroxide series and three types of potassium hydroxide series. Furthermore, to confirm dependence on tempe-rature and ultrasonic intensities, cleaning at the room temperature, $40^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$ was conducted, and results showed that higher the cleaning temperature and higher the ultrasonic intensity, better the cleaning effect. As a result of the bare-eye inspection, while the use of sodium hydroxide provided satisfactory condition on the tube surface, the use of potassium hydroxide series provided satisfactory condition on the tube surface only when the ultrasonic intensity was over 120 W. In the cleaning effect analysis using the gravimetric method, cleaning efficiency of sodium hydroxide series was as high as 97.6% ($60^{\circ}C$, 120 W), but since the tube surface condition was poor after the use of potassium hydroxide, the gravimetric method was not appropriate. In the analytical result of surface contaminants on the tube surface, C, O, Ca, and Zr were detected, and mainly C and O dominated the proportion of contaminants. It was also found that the degree of cleaning on the tube affected the componential ratio of C and O; if the degree of cleaning is high, or if cleaning is well-conducted, the proportion of C is decreased, and the proportion of O is increased. Based on these results, optimal cleaning for application in the industry can be expected by categorizing cleaning process into three steps of Alkali cleaning, Rinsing, and Drying and by adjusting cleaning parameters in each step.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Purpose: With advances in various treatment modalities, limb salvage surgery has been commonly used in osteosarcoma of extremities. An alternative method for skeletal reconstruction is reimplantation of the tumor bearing bone following extracorporeal irradiation (ECI). We report the long-term results of ECI autograft in aspect of the oncological and functional outcomes, and complications. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 31 osteosarcoma patients who underwent reconstruction with ECI between July 1995 and January 2006. There were 24 males and 7 females with a mean age of 24 (7-74 years) and a mean follow-up of 117 months (17-177 months). Twenty-five cases were reconstructed with ECI autograft, 6 cases with ECI autograft-prosthesis composite. The pathologic subtypes were conventional in 29 cases, periosteal in 1 case, and parosteal in 1 case. The most common location of tumor was distal femur (15 cases) followed by humerus (3), proximal fibula (3) and proximal tibia (3). Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was used for functional evaluation. The overall survival rate, local recurrence, complications were analyzed. Results: The overall survival rate was 80.6% and the disease-free survival rate was 64.5%. Five patients died of distant metastasis. One patient required above-knee amputation due to local recurrence. All of them, twenty-three complications occurred, which included nonunion in 7 cases, deep infection in 5 cases, joint instability in 4 cases, metal failure in 2 cases, Limb-length discrepancy (LLD) in 2 cases, periprosthetic fracture in 1 case, epiphyseal collapse in 1, local recurrence in 1 case. The mean MSTS functional score was 62.5%. Conclusion: Extracorporeal irradiated autograft can be achieved relatively good result in aspect of oncological and functional aspect, but is needed to be additional research about occurring many complications. The reconstruction with ECI after intercalary or fragmentary resection is effective reconstruction in aspect of oncological and functional result, complications.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2016

As the foods and household manufacturing technology is developed, the packaging method of products is being changed from single to multi materials and layers. This study were focused on EPR carton packaging, economic and environmental expected effects were predicted by the improvements of packaging materials and structures to reduce effective packaging waste. Especially expected effects were predicted when improving the structure and material of aluminum laminated material was difficult to recycle. Thus, it was assumed the aseptic carton packaging laminated aluminum were replaced with silica laminated films. In conclusion, analysis of economic expected effects were undervalued in this study because of the limitation of assumptions, though this study has significance about a new approach by calculating the data different from the past that the conventional methods like predictive value of government's guidelines or goals.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.336-345
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• 2011

The total area of forest land in Korea is 64.2%, and significant forest resources can continuously be produced. However our country didn't separate the recyclable waste wood and was illegal landfill or incinerated. In this study, waste-wood and rice husk of biomass and low-grade-anthracite made refuse derived fuel by mixing and compressing. In addition, the binding effect of binders and additives were analyzed. Physical and chemical characteristics of manufactured refuse derived fuel were analyzed and evaluated suitability by compared with quality standards. A result of change with compressed and relaxed density, added 20% anthracite and 10% rice husk is optimal density change and average density increased large range when 20 wt.% P.V.A., guargum, molasses and 10 wt.% starch were added. All fuel samples be distributed over 3,500 kcal/kg LHV and grade of No. 3~4 fuels appeared. A result of the characteristics of physical and chemical compressed biomass refuse derived fuel with addictive, 12.9% of durability improvement appeared when is mixing asphalt and 5.8% of durability improvement appeared when is mixing rice bran by pretreatment of NaOH 5%.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2018

In accordance with the amendment of the Industrial Safety and Health Act of 2007, Korea completely prohibited the import, distribution and manufacture of asbestos like Europe and Japan. Accordingly, the current problem of asbestos is the safe maintenance and disposal of asbestos construction material, the disposal of asbestos, and the final disposal of asbestos building materials. In the past, Korea used 100,000 tons of asbestos every year, and the building materials using it exceeded 1 million tons per year. These asbestos building materials continued to be used until 2006, and the Ministry predicted that these materials would continue to be maintained until 2044. When the permeable hardening agent is applied to the asbestos building material installed in the pre-pretreatment step for the harmless treatment of the asbestos waste and the dismantling is carried out, the scattering of the asbestos is suppressed in the disassembling step, detoxification treatment conditions can be improved. Therefore, permeable hardeners should be stably penetrated into asbestos building materials. In this study, it is suggested that pre - pretreatment methods for the harmlessization of waste asbestos building materials with medium density level can be presented. In order to efficiently perform pre - treatment for chemical harmlessness in the future, the mixing ratio of permeable hardener and middle water Optimization is the most important factor.