• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.17-45
• /
• 1987

This study contributes to understanding women's labor market behavior by focusing on a particular set of labor force transitions - labor force withdrawal and entry during the period surrounding the first birth of a child. In particular, this study provides a dynamic analyses, using longitudinal data and event history analysis, to conceptualize labor force behaviors in a straightforward way. The main research question addresses which factors increase or decrease the hazard rates of leaving and entering the labor market. This study used piecewise Gompertz model, following the guide of the non-parametric analysis on the hazard rates, which allowed relatively detailed description on the distribution of timing of leave and entry to the labor market as parameters of interest. The results show that preferences and structural variables, as well as economic considerations, are very important factors to explain the labor market behavior of women in the period surrounding childbirth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.564-575
• /
• 2015

A self-administered survey was conducted in dental hygiene students at colleges or universities in Daegu and North Gyeongsang Province to provide basic data necessary to suggest standards for the direction of career for dental hygiene students and construct desirable image of dental hygienists. The data were collected from February to May 2013; with the exception of 46 questionnaires containing insincere responses, 1,679 were finally analyzed using SPSS/Win 18.0, drawing the following conclusion: The freshmen showed higher levels of regret for selection and enrollment recommendation than the sophomores, juniors, or seniors and the sophomores, juniors, and seniors showed higher levels of willingness to change courses than the freshmen; thus, those in lower grades showed higher environment satisfaction. As for desired career, regardless of grades, they showed higher preference for being employed as a dental hygienist; as for desired paths to get a job, the freshmen were more likely to get professors' recommendations and the sophomores, juniors, and seniors showed higher preference for open recruitment. They showed higher preference for getting a job in a large city because of greater possibility of improvement. As for the desired period of employment, regardless of grades, they showed higher preference for employment before getting married and for reemployment after their children grew up; as for desired workplace, the freshmen showed higher preference for a dental clinic in a hospital, whereas the sophomores, juniors, and seniors showed higher preference for a dental hospital. As for the differences in image of dental hygienists by grades, the freshmen and sophomores showed higher levels of attitudes than the juniors; the freshmen and sophomores showed higher levels of beliefs than the juniors or seniors; and the seniors showed higher levels of values than the freshmen, sophomores, or juniors, and the sophomores and juniors showed higher levels of values than the freshmen; thus, students in lower grades showed higher levels of attitudes and beliefs and those in higher grades showed higher levels of values. Such factors of enrollment satisfaction as willingness to change courses and persuasion to make enrollment had significant effects on image of dental hygienists. Dental hygiene students need to make efforts to establish a job identity and get desirable image of dental hygienists and to make constant efforts to promote more accurate and positive image of dental hygienists through systematic and positive public relations.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.69-81
• /
• 2020

This study is to identify the effect of seniors in their 40s and 50s on their entrepreneurial intentions through attitude on entrepreneurship, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control by utilizing the integrated model of the theory of planned behavior and self-determination theory. Also, in this process, we tried to analyze moderating effect of entrepreneurship education for seniors. An online survey was conducted for seniors in their 40s and 50s living in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, out of the total 284 questionnaire responses, 243 valid questionnaires were used in the study. Research analysis utilized SPSS 24, AMOS 23 structural equation model and Professor Hayes' Process 3.4 to analyze moderating effect. The results of the study were summarized as follows. First, autonomous motivation had a positive influence on attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. But controlled motivation didn't have the significant influence on attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Second, attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control had positive influence on entrepreneurship intention. Third, as a result of analyzing moderating effect of entrepreneurship education for seniors, the significant moderating effect was verified between attitude and entrepreneurship intention. Also the significant moderating effect was verified between subjective norms and entrepreneurship intention. On the other hand, no significant moderating effect was proved between perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurship intention. The implication of this study is that for retired seniors planning to enter into entrepreneurship, the result can contribute to the development of a entrepreneurship support program that can increase new startup creation, survival and sucess by diagnosing autonomous and controlled motivation for entrepreneurship. In addition, by providing entrepreneurship education as well as re-employment training in the senior outplacement program, the study can contribute to widening the opportunities for seniors to second career after retirement.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.291-327
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to classify the type of retirement process among the mature-aged in Korea. The study used the panel data from Korean Labor Panel (year2~6) for the classification of retirement process through Optimal Matching and Cluster Analysis. Classification is made in 5 categories as 'peripheral-economically active', 'private-transfer dependent', 're-entering limited', 'securely exiting', 'exit-and-reentering'. First, "peripheral-economically active" is a group which frequently experienced job status change and work insecurity. Second, "private-transfer dependent" is a group in which private transfer is likely to be supplements income in the incidence of unemployment. Third, "re-entering limited" is a group in which the proportion of no financial support combined with the absence of any economic activity is the largest. Fourth, the type "Securely exit" is th group whose members switches over to non-economically active status with pension receipt. The last type is "exit-and-reenter" that the member are highly possible to reenter in the labor market and stay in long time regardless of with or without pension plan. To examine the inequality among the types of retirement process, the duration of each status is analyzed. First, in the situation of being non-economically active, the duration of status is maintain public pension receiving and duration stabile in "securely exit" group. For "private-transfer dependent" type, members are mostly dependent on private financial support and that duration of it is longest. Through the analysis of retirement process without under other financial supports, it is "securely-exiting" type for which the duration of full-time employment is longest. It appears that the duration of part-time employment is longest in "peripheral-economically active" type. And for the case of non-waged employment it is "exit-and-reenter" type. Finally, the redistribution policy based on life course perspective is necessary to prevent that the opportunity in the structure before retirement stage and the unfavorable position in labor market make worse disadvantage in retirement process and after that.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.713-719
• /
• 2018

At present, Busan City has proposed various taxi industry development measures, but fundamentally there is a problem that the taxi supply is excessive compared to the demand. Therefore, this study tried to explore ways to activate the taxi reduction. We first identified problems with the taxi reduction program in Busan, and analyze thoughts of taxi operators and workers. As a result, difficulties in securing funding and lack of consent from a large number of stakeholders were identified as the first problem for current taxi reduction program. Second, both groups recognize the need for the taxi reduction, and taxi drivers are more willing to participate in the program. Third, the most important factor in determining to take the taxi reduction program was the amount of compensation. And to activate taxi reduction program, it is helpful for executives to improve their management conditions and for drivers to place reemployment.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.58 no.3
• /
• pp.135-168
• /
• 2006

This study reviewed pension reform's overall characteristic and(anticipated) positive negative effect in OECD countries's and then analysed middle-old age's retirement transition and determinants of full/gradual retirement through the $3{\sim}7th$ Korea Labor and Income Panel considering that Korea has been aging society quickly and it is necessary to suggest not only solution of early retirement and working age reduction but also pension reform. As a result of this study, about 1/4 of 50 years and older have been continuing to work through various pathways after retirement and 98% among fully retired older who passed by re-employment step of occupational status including retirement are still searching for jobs. This showed that it is also inappropriate to typical retirement concept itself on the lines of labour market participation in Korea and part-time/temporary work or self-employment have been used by means of alternatives of maintaining works for middle-old ages. However, the duration of changed occupational status of gradual retirees is mostly only $1{\sim}2$ years. Therefore it is necessary to support the gradual retirement to minimize a term of income insecurity and promote the work of the old ages who have will and capacity of work. Most of all, partial pension system which is main program of gradual retirement, should make the rules that beneficiaries are those who age less than pensionable age and benefit levels should be actuarial fairness together with pension system and provide substantial help. But, the introduction of partial pension system is not the only way to solve and needs overall social economic approach. Especially guarantee the increase of quantitative qualitative employment for middle-old ages linking labor market policy and supporting gradual retirement not ought to be abused to force the part time works and early retirement route against their own will.