• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-175
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• 2011

We analyse an overlapping generation model in which economic agents, especially their income distribution, influence environmental policy and redistributive policy through political decision making process. In an economic equilibrium which doesn't consider political process, the introduction of environmental policy is shown to increase economic growth rate. In contrast to an economic equilibrium, environmental policy can be adopted when economic inequality reduces to a certain threshold in a political economic equilibrium. The adoption of environmental policy, on the other hand, incurs the demand of strengthened redistributive policy, which in turn decreases economic growth in a short run. We discuss broad policy implications based on our political economic analyses.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-83
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• 2020

This paper examines two different reunification regimes and investigates the decision making problems on tax and income transfers in a political economy model. The first reunification regime is the South-Driven regime under which the majority of South Korea choose the tax rate, the amount of transfers and the size of migration. The second is the North-Participation regime under which there is no limit on migration and the majority of Unified Korea choose the tax rate and the amount of transfers. In both regimes, Northern residents' migration decisions are endogenous and those who decide not to migrate to the Southern region have an alternative to declare fiscal independence of income redistribution taking place within the North independently. This paper shows that there is no income redistribution in a politico-economic equilibrium under the South-Driven regime. Given that, those remaining in the Northern region decide to declare fiscal independence. On the other hand, the North-Participation regime delivers an equilibrium supporting income redistribution and no fiscal independence.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.1-35
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• 2019

This paper compares the effects of income transfer and wage subsidy in a simple general equilibrium model. The redistributive effects of both policies are smaller, the more intensive in low wage workers are the luxury goods production. Wage subsidy contributes more to employment and GDP relative to income subsidy, but its redistributive effects can be smaller depending on the elasticities of labor demand supply. More complete empirical analysis appears due on the effects of both policies in order to design an optimal mix of efficiency and equity.

• 사회경제평론
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• no.38
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• pp.9-49
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• 2012

Our luck is brute if we cannot choose or control it and, thus, we are not responsible for it. Our luck is optional if we can choose or control it and, thus, we are responsible for it. Egalitarian justice at least demands brute luck be fully neutralized. If, however, brute luck is not fully neutralized and possibly accumulated, what will happen to the Gini coefficients as a measure of inequality due to brute luck? By simulating brute luck under various combinations of the rate of accumulation and the level of, what I call, leximin-redistribution, I obtain the Gini coefficients for the distribution of the accumulated and, then, redistributed brute luck. The level of the leximin-redistribution determines the negative or positive relation between the rate of accumulation and the Gini coefficient. The minimum leximin-redistribution level that generates the negative relation between the rate of accumulation and the Gini coefficient, depends on the characteristics of the starting-point distribution of brute luck. The sooner the leximin-redistribution is ushered in, the lower the minimum level becomes. The so-called 'Growth First Redistribution Later' policy may hurt victims of brute bad luck.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.61-85
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• 1989

본고(本稿)에서는 최근 달성된 전국민의료보험(全國民醫療保險)(NHI)의 재원조달방식(財源調達方式)을 개관한 다음 소득재분배관점(所得再分配觀點)에서 이론적(理論的), 실증적(實證的) 분석(分析)을 행하고자 한다. 의료보험(醫療保險)은 주로 건강한 사람으로 부터 병든 사람으로 의료(醫療)의 수평적(水平的) 재분배기능(再分配機能)을 행하나 결과적으로 수직적(垂直的) 재분배(再分配)에도 영향을 주게 된다. 형평(衡平)과 관련하여 모든 국민(國民)들에게 필요한 최저수준(最低水準)의 의료이용(醫療利用)을 보장한다든가 의료이용(醫療利用)에 따른 경제적(經濟的) 부담(負擔)을 균등하게 한다든가 하는 제기준(諸基準)의 선택은 결국 우리 사회(社會)가 내려야 할 가치판단(價値判斷)의 문제일 것이나 우리의 여건에 비추어 전자(前者)를 기조(基調)로 하되 후자(後者)를 지향하는 접근방식이 바람직하고 평가된다. 실증분석(實證分析)의 결과는 비록 작은 크기이기는 하나 어느 정도 재분배효과(再分配效果)를 보여주었으나 프로그램간 급여(給與)와 보험료부담(保險料負擔)의 측면에서 격차가 벌어지고 있는 실정이어서 NHI 재정통합(財政統合)이라는 장기목표(長期目標) 아래 소득연계적(所得連繫的)인 보험료부담(保險料負擔) 및 급여체계(給與體系)를 단계적으로 확립해 나가되 우선은 의료보호(醫療保護)부터 이 방안(方案)을 실천에 옮기도록 권고한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.701-716
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• 2000

This study examines patterms of wage inequality across ownership types and its regional structure in post-reform China in order to understand an emerging process of inequality. Using industrial wage data, I explored historical changes of cross-ownership wage inequality and its spatial differentiation during the reform period. This stuy found that pattems of wage inequality need to be understood in the context of changing redistributive economy which shapes state-enterprise relation in china's industrial sector. This relationship in turn determines labor market outcomes during the reform period including wage inequality. Regional structure of cross-ownership wage inequality also needs to be understood in terms of the differentiated process in which reqional wage levels are related to different wage factors. The findings have significant implications for understanding new patterns of soical and spatial inequalities in post-reform China.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between intention to participation in sharing economy, digital cultural capital, and social connectedness and then analyze the variables affecting the intention to participate in sharing economy. This subjects were university students. Collected data were statistically processed by PASW 18.0 program using reliability, frequency analysis, T-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, redistribution participation and cooperative lifestyle participation were relatively high. Second, intention to participate in sharing economy activities differs according to gender, age, monthly allowance, and SNS usage time. Third, intention to redistribution participation increases as the recognition of objectified digital culture capital, embodied digital culture capital, and social connectedness increases. And the intention to cooperative lifestyles participation and information sharing participation increased as digital culture capital increased. Forth, the most significant variable affecting the intention to participate in sharing economic activities was digital cultural capital.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.51-70
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• 1989

본고(本稿)에서는 사회보장제도확충(社會保障制度擴充)과 관련된 자원배분(資源配分)과 소득재분배효과(所得再分配效果)를 국제비교(國際比較)와 경제적(經濟的) 결과(結果)를 중심으로 논하였다. 90년대를 향한 한국사회(韓國社會)가 처한 중요한 과제는 넓은 의미에서 형평(衡平)의 제고(提高) 및 국민복지수준(國民福祉水準)의 향상(向上)이다. 따라서 장기적 측면에서 볼 때 우리의 사회보장정책(社會保障政策)의 기본방향(基本方向)은 소극적 성격의 단순한 소득이전적(所得移轉的) 복지정책(福祉政策)이 아니라 그 원인을 제거하고 발생을 예방하는 적극적 복지정책(福祉政策)이어야 한다. 이를 위하여 사회보장부문(社會保障部門)에 대한 정책(政策)의 책임이 보다 강조되어야 하며 구체적으로 재정지출(財政支出)의 우선순위(優先順位)를 높여야 한다. 그러나 우리는 형평(衡平)의 추구(追求)를 단계적(段階的)으로 추진하면서도 동시에 경제성장(經濟成長)의 효율(效率)을 상당한 수준에서 유지하는 슬기를 가져야 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.261-296
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• 2009

I constructed the 2003 Korean 'social accounting matrix'(SAM) to analyze the multipliers of total demand for each economic activity. I find that the relative magnitude of the influence of the welfare policy to the national economy measured by input-output production multipliers tends to be underestimated compared to SAM multipliers. This is because the total demand multipliers of SAM include the private sector effects, which is not considered in the input-output model. The result also support that income inflows in public service areas including education, health and social work, generate gains in the relative income of households.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2008

The moment redistribution in continuous reinforced concrete beams is very feasible phenomenon, by which the efficiency and the economy in designing reinforced concrete members can be enhanced. However, to understand the structural behavior by moment redistribution phenomenon, it is desirable to verify its mechanism experimentally considering tension stiffening effect, the relationship of moment redistribution and beam deflection, crack pattern, and effective stiffness. Six reinforced concrete continuous beam specimens were fabricated, and each specimen had a dimension of 250 mm $\times$ 350 mm and 7,000 mm long. The location of de-bonding was taken as the primary test parameter to investigate tension stiffening effect. The moment redistribution ratio of the specimens was different depending on the position of de-bonding, and in particular no moment redistribution was observed when de-bonding exist at both ends, the maximum negative moment region and the maximum positive moment region.