• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 1992

Ninety five patients of rectal cancer treated with surgery with or without adjuvant radiation therapy since January 1982 to December 1990 at the Chonnam University Hospital were analysed retrospectively regarding local failure. Of these 95 patients 72 patients were treated with surgery alone and remaining 23 patients received postoperative radiation therapy to pelvis. There were 45 men and 50 women with 53 years of median age. Minimum follow-up period was 19 months and median was47 months (range, 19-125 months). Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate actuarial risk of local recurrence and survival rate. Comparison between two groups was evaluated by Log rank test. Of total 95 patients twenty seven patients ($28.4\%$) developed local recurrence and 13 patients ($17.3\%$) developed local and distant metastasis concomitantly. Eighty nine percent (24/27) of patients developed local recurrence within 24 months. Pelvic organ adjacent to the primary tumor area was the most common site of initial local recurrence. Of 72 patients treated with surgery alone local recurrence developed in 24 patients. Of 17 patients with stage A and 81 (Gunderson-Sosin modification of Dukes' staging system) 6 patients experienced local recurrence ($31.2\%$). The local recurrence rate of B2 and B3 group was $29.9\%$ (7/33) and that of C2 and C3 was $54.7\%$ (11/19), respectively. There was statistically significant difference between two groups (p<0.05). Of 23 patients treated with definitive surgery and radiation therapy $10\%$ (1/10) recurred in B2 and B3 patients. This was slightly lower than C2 and C3 patients ($22.2\%$, 2/10) of similar policy, but revealed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). In the patients of B2+3 local failure rate decreased when radiation therapy was added ($29.9\%$ vs $10\%$, p>0.05) and also similar results in C2+3 group ($34.7\%$ vs $22.2\%$, p<0.05). The local failure rate in relation to distance from the anal verge had no statistically significant difference.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.6 s.251
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• pp.421-427
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• 2005

Complete surgical resection is the most effective treatment for pT1/2N1 non-small cell lung cancer, however 5 year survival rate of these patients is about $40\%$ and the major cause of death is recurrent disease. We intended to clarify the risk factors of recurrence in completely resected pT1/2N1 non-small cell lung cancer. Material and Method: From Jan. f990 to Jul. 2003, total of 117 patients were operated for pT1/2N1 non-small cell lung cancer. The risk of recurrence according to patients characteristics, histopathologic findings, type of resection, pattern of lymph node metastasis, postoperative adjuvant treatment were evaluated retrospectively. Result: Mean age of patients was 59.3 years. There were 14 patients with T1N1 and 103 patients with T2N1 disease. Median follow-up time was 27.5 months and overall 5 year suwival rate was $41.3\%$. 5 year freedom-from recurrence rate was $54.1\%$. Recurrence was observed in $44 (37.6\%)$ patients and distant recurrence developed in 40 patients. 5 year survival rate of patients with recurence was $3.3\%$, which was significantly lower than patients without recurrence $(61.3\%,\;p=0.000).$ In multi-variate analysis of risk factors for freedom-from recurrence rate, multi-station N1 $(hazard\;ratio=1.997,\;p=0.047)$ was a poor prognostic factor. Conclusion: Multi-station N1 is the risk factor for recurrence in completely resected pT1/2N1 non-small cell lung cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1994

From 1982 to 1991, sixteen Patients with primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system(CNS) were seen at Kyung Hee University Hospital. The most common subtypes were large, noncleaved cell lymphoma and immunoblastic lymphoma of B cells. Lesions most commonly involved were the parietal lobes and/or deep nuclei. Positive cerebrospinal fluid cytology was rare at initial presentation. Sixteen patients were treated with surgical biopsy or resection followed by whole brain radiotherapy at a median dose of 40 Gy(range=30-50 Gy) with variable boost doses. Of 16 patients who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, fourteen patients died between 2 and 49 months following treatment, and two are alive with no evidence of disease at 8 and 22 months. The 1-and 2-year survival rates were 55.6$ \% $ and 34.7$ \% $, respectively with 12 months of median survival. Patterns of failure were analyzed in eleven patients of total 16 patients. Failure at the original site of involvement was uncommon after radiotherapy treatment. In contrast, failure in the brain at sites other than those originally invovled was common in spite of the use of whole brain irradiation. Failure occurred in the brain 11/16(68.7$ \% $), in spinal axis 4/16(25.0$ \% $). The age, sex, location of involvement within CNS, numbers of lesion, or radiation dose did not influence on survival. The authors conclude that Primary CNS lymphoma is a locally aggressive disease that is poorly controlled with conventional radiation therapy. The limitation of current therapy for this disease are discussed, and certain promising modality should be made in regarding the management of future patients with this disease.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1985

This is a retrospective analysis of 54 patients with stage I or II Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma involving the head and neck region treated with curative radiotherapy in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital during the period of February 1979 through September 1982. The minimum follow-up period was 24 months. The review of histologic slides was available in 36 cases. Waldeyer's ring was the most common extranodal sites $(40\%)$. $41\%$ of patients were in the stage 1 and $59\%$ in the stage II by Ann Arbor classification. Of the 44 patients who responded after radiotherapy, 24 patients$(54.4\%)$subsequently relapsed. Regional recurrence rate was $29\%$, distant metastasis was $54\%$ and simultaneous regional recurrence and distant metastasis was $17\%$. The survival rate and disease free survival at 2 years were $57\%\;and\;45\%$ respectively. Those patients with a large primary lesion (over 6cm in diameter), multiple conglomerated, extranodal site and diffuse ceil type, experienced a high rate of distant metastasis. Therefore it seems desirable to study the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in those patients with a high probability of distant metastasis.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 1994

Laryngeal cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in the head and neck area. Clinical analysis was performed on 30 cases of treated $T_1$ glottic cancer patients. Early glottic cancer occured most frequently in male in their sixties and all were well or moderately well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Overall five year survival rate was 81.5% and there was no significant difference between stages or the differentiation of the diseases. Recurrence at the primary site, especially anterior commissure, was common, thus careful pre- and postoperative follow up evaluation is recommended.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 2001

Purpose : To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of postoperative external radiotherapy for patients with intracranial meningiomas. Materials and Methods : The records of thirty three patients with intracranial meningiomas who were treated with postoperative external irradiation at our institution between Feb, 1988 and Nov, 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Median age of patients at diagnosis was 53 years with range of 17 to 68 years. Sites of involvement were parasagital, cerebral convexity, sphenoid ridge, parasellar and tentorium cerebelli. Of 33 evaluated patients, 15 transitional, 10 meningotheliomatous, 4 hemangiopericytic, 3 atypical and 1 malignant meningioma were identified. Four patients underwent biopsy alone and remaining 29 patients underwent total tumor resection. A dose of 50 to 60 Gy was delivered in 28-35 daily fractions over a period of 5 to 7 weeks. Follow-up period ranged from 12 months to 8 years. Results : The actuarial survival rates at 5 and 7 years for entire group of patients were 78% and 67%, respectively. The corresponding disease free survival rates were 73% and 61%, respectively. The overall local control rate at 5 years was 83%. One out of 25 patients in benign group developed local failure, while 4 out of 8 patients in malignant group did local failure (p<0.05). Of 4 patients who underwent biopsy alone, 2 developed local failure. There was no significant difference in 5 year actuarial survival between patients who underwent total tumor resection and those who did biopsy alone. Patients whose age is under 60 showed slightly better survival than those whose age is 60 or older, although this was not statistically significant. There was no documented late complications in any patients. Conclusion : Based on our study, we might conclude that postoperative external beam radiotherapy tends to improve survival of patients with intracranial meningiomas comparing with surgery alone.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 1988

Sixty patients with proven lung cancer were retrospectively studied to determine whether postoperative radiation therapy improves survival. Patterns of treatment failure and 5 year survival were assessed according to extent of tumor spread, histology, type of operation, positive resection margin and radiation dose. Of the 60 patients, excluding S patients who received incomplete treatment or poor pulmonary function,55 patients received postoperative radiation therapy following curative resection. The overall survival at 5 years was $39\%$. The hilar and mediastinal lymph node involvement had an influence on survival. The authors recommend that patients with resection. lung cancer involving the hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes may require postoperative radiotherapy to reduce the local recurrence and improve survival.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

견관절 전방 불안정성의 관절경적 치료는 환자 개개인의 병리 상태를 잘 파악하여 적절한 복원술을 시행함으로써 보다 좋은 결과를 기대할 수 있다. 현재 관절경적 Bankart 복원술시 봉합 나사못이 가장 이상적인 봉합기구로 알려져 있으며 여러 병리 상태를 고려하여 관절경적 복원술을 시행한 결과 여러 학자들이 과거에 비해 좋은 결과를 보고하고 있다(Table 2). 따라서 술기상으로 보다 숙련된 술식을 통해 재발율을 낮출 수 있으며 보다 좋은 결과를 얻기 위하여 수술 후 적극적인 재활 프로그램이 요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate long-term results in terms of failure, survival and voice preservation after radiation therapy for early glottic cancer. Materials and Methods: From February 1988 to December 2003, 70 patients with early glottic cancer were treated with radiation therapy at Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center. Patient age distribution was from 39 to 79 years, with a median age of 62 years. All patients had squamous cell carcinoma. According to the TNM stage, 58 patients had stage I disease, 12 patients had stage II disease; 67 patients were male. The laryngeal area was irradiated with the use of bilateral opposing fields with/without a wedge filter with 6 MV photons at a total dose of $54{\sim}70.2$ Gy in $1.8{\sim}2.2$ Gy fractions over $6{\sim}8$ weeks. We delivered a median radiation dose of 60 Gy for stage I patients and a median radiation dose of 66 Gy for stage II patients. Salvage surgery was performed in patients with local recurrence. The voice preservation rate was analyzed after all treatments including salvage surgery. Follow-up periods were from 13 to 180 months, with a median follow-up period of 77.5 months. The survival rate was analyzed by the use of the Kaplan Meier method and log rank test. A comparison of two groups was performed with the use of the chi-squared test. Results: The local control rate was 98.5% (69/70). The five-year-overall survival rate was 93.9%. The five-year disease free survival rate (5YDFS) was 84.1% and the 5YDFS after radiation and salvage surgery was 92.8%. According to stage, the 5YDFS was 93.1% and 91.7% for stage I and stage II respectively. Thirteen patients (18.5%) had local failure with 24 months of median time to local failure and nine patients received salvage surgery; however, four patients were lost to follow-up after a diagnosis of recurrence. Only two patients died due to a distant metastasis at 33 months and 71 months after radiation therapy, respectively. Nine patients died due to other diseases with a median time of 73 months. There were no severe acute or chronic complications after radiation therapy. Voice preservation was ultimately achieved in 88.5% (62/70) of patients. Conclusion: We considered that radiation therapy was effective and we achieved excellent survival and voice preservation in early laryngeal cancer. The use of radiation therapy should be the first choice for the treatment of early glottic cancer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.9 s.254
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• pp.627-632
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• 2005

Background: The video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) with 2 mm thoracoscopy in primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) was known to be unreliable in its accuracy and recurrence rate. We compared 10 mm VATS with 2 mm VATS in the results of operation. Material and Method: From Sept. 1998 to Dec. 2002, 176 cases (10 mm VATS; 73 cases, 2 mm VATS; 103 cases) of PSP were treated by VATS blob resection at Korea University Ansan Hospital. 10 mm thoracoscope, 5 mm port, and 5 mm instruments were used in 10 mm VATS group, and 2 mm thoracoscope, 2 mm ports and 2 mm instruments used in 2 mn VATS group. In the two groups, staples were inserted through 11.5 mm port for chest tube. Result: The mean follow-up duration was 20,8$\pm$16.1 months in 10 mm VATS group, and 13.9 $\pm$8.2 months in 2 mm VATS. The most common indication of operation was a recurrent pneumothorax ($34\%$) in 10 mm VATS and patient's desire ($40\%$) in 2 mm VATS, respectively. The operation time, number of staples used in operation, postoperative chest tube keeping days, postoperative total amount of drainage, and postoperative hospitalization days were statistically lower in 2 mm VATS. Other significant variables affecting the operation time in linear regression analysis were the number of staples that used in operation, the presence of pleural adhesion, and type of pleurodesis and thoracoscope used in operation. However, $R^2$ values were lower than 0.1. The postoperative recurrence rate was $2.7\%$ in 10 mm VATS and $2.9\%$ in 2 mm VATS. It was not significant statistically. Recurrent cases developed within 1 year in both groups but the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Although there were differences in follow-up duration between two groups, the operation time, number of staples that used in operation, postoperative chest tube keeping days, postoperative total amount of drainage, and postoperative hospitalization days were statistically lower in 2 mm VATS. And in 2 mm VATS, there were no technical difficulties during operation and no differences in recurrence rate from 10 mm VATS. As a result, we suggest that 2 mm VATS can be used in the treatment of PSP.