• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.129-138
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the ability of a computer simulation of microstructural evolution in hot forging of C-Mn steels. The development of microstructure is strongly dependent on process variables and metallurgical factors that affect time history of thermodynamical variables such as temperature, strain. and strain rate during deformation. Then finite element method is applied for the prediction of microstructural evolution, and it should be coupled with heat transfer analysis to consider the change of thermodynamical properties during forming process. In this study, Yada's recrystallization model and rigid-thermoviscoplastic finite element method are employed in order to analyze microstructural evolution during hot forging process. To show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are accomplished and the results of experiments are compared with those of simulations.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.343-352
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• 1992

The high temperature deformation behavior of microalloyed hot forging steels has been examined as a function of the temperature, the strain rate, and the alloying element by using high temperature compression test. The high temperature deformation mechanism, which was obtained by analyzing the flow stress-strain curve and microstructure, could be considered to dynamic recrystallization. The peak stress of Nb-V-Mo steel was more increased and the dynamic recrystallization of Nb-V-Mo steel was faster than those of Nb-V steel. The peak stress of 1.2Mn-0.09Nb steel was more increased and the dynamic recrystallization of 1.2Mn-0.09Nb was delayed a little bit than those of 1.0Mn-0.05Nb. The peak stress of C-Nb-V steel was more increased and the dynamic recrystallization of C-Nb-V steel was delayed than those of C-steel. The constitutive equation of high temperature deformation had a power law type. The grain size of dynamic recrystallization was refined as the Zener-Hollomon parameter was increased. The relation of the dynamic recrystallization grain size and Zener-Hollomon parameter could be quantified to power law.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

Recently the distributed topology control algorithm for constructing the Recrystallization Topology in the unstructured peer-to-peer network was proposed. In this paper, we prove that such a hierarchical topology is a scale-free power-law network. We present a model of a construction process of the distributed protocol, and analyze it based on a mean-field approximation and the continuum theory, so that we show that the constructed Recrystallization Topology is a scale-free network. In the proposed model, all nodes are born with some initial attractiveness and the system incorporates the rewiring of some links at every time step. Some old links are removed with the anti-preferential probability, and some new links are added with preferential probability. In other words, according to the distributed algorithm, each node makes connections to the more-preferential nodes having higher hit-ratio than other nodes, while it disconnects the anti-preferential nodes having lesser hit-ratio. This gives a realistic description of the local processes forming the recrystallization topology in unstructured peer-to-peer network. We calculate analytically the degree distribution. The analytic result indicates that the constructed network is a scale-free network, of which the scaling exponent is 3.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.46.2-46.2
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• 2009

휴대전화, 랩톱 컴퓨터 등 각종 모바일기기 및 디스플레이 기기의 경박단소화 및 고기능화에 따라 연성회로기판(FPCB)의 사용량이 증가하고있다. 연성회로기판의 핵심소재인 동박적층필름(FCCL)은 폴리이미드필름과 접착층, Cu 층으로 구성되는데, 이 중접착층으로 사용되는 Ni-20Cr합금은 에칭공정 후 Cr의 잔류에 의해 불량률 증가가 문제되고 있어, Ni-Cr합금 스퍼터링 타깃의 Cr 함량 저감 또는 Cr-free Ni합금 개발 등이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 차세대 FCCL 본드층에 적합한 Ni기 합금을 개발하기 위한 기초연구로써 Cr 함량 및 가공열처리조건에 따른 미세조직과 집합조직 변화를 조사하였다. 4N급의 고순도Ni과 Cr을 진공 플라즈마 용해장치로 용해하여Ni-xCr (x=5, 10, 15, 20wt.%)합금 잉곳을 만들고, 이를 두께감소율 90%로 냉간압연한 후, $600^{\circ}C$ 및 $800^{\circ}C$에서 10~120분 동안 어닐링하여 시편을 준비하였다. 광학현미경으로 미세조직을 관찰하고, Micro-Vickers 경도시험을 통해 어닐링 조건에 따른 경도변화를 조사하였다. 또한 SEM-EBSD를 이용하여 집합조직 및 입계특성을 분석하였다. $600^{\circ}C$ 어닐링 시 Cr함량이 증가할수록 재결정 완료시간이 증가하여 Ni-20Cr합금의 경우 2시간이상 어닐링에도 재결정이 일어나지 않았다. $800^{\circ}C$ 어닐링 시 10분 어닐링 조건에서 4종류 합금 모두 재결정이 완료되었으며, 동일한 어닐링 조건에서 Cr함량이 증가할수록 결정립이 작아지는 것으로 나타났다. $800^{\circ}C$ 2시간 어닐링 조건에서 Ni-5Cr 합금의 주요 집합조직은 {223}<113>과 {122}<112>로 나타났으며, 이중 {223}<113>은Cr 함량이 증가함에 따라 점차 {122}<112>에 가까운 방향으로 변화되어 Ni-20Cr 합금의 경우 {123}<112>만이 형성되었다. 이러한 집합조직의 변화는 적층결함에너지 감소에 의한 ${\Sigma}3$ 입계의 분율 증가와 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.263-268
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• 2017

A hot forming process is required for Mg alloys to enhance the formability and plastic workability due to the insufficient formability at room temperature. Mg alloy undergoes dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during the hot working process, which is a restoration or softening mechanism that reduces the dislocation density and releases the accumulated energy to facilitate plastic deformation. The flow stress curve shows three stages of complicated strain hardening and softening phenomena. As the strain increases, the stress also increases due to work hardening, and it abruptly decreases work softening by dynamic recrystallization. It then maintains a steady-state region due to the equilibrium between the work hardening and softening. In this paper, an efficient optimization process is proposed for the material model of the dynamic recrystallization to improve the accuracy of the flow curve. A total of 18 variables of the constitutive equation of AZ80 alloy were systematically optimized at an elevated forming temperature($300^{\circ}C$) with various strain rates(0.001, 0.1, 1, 10/sec). The proposed method was validated by applying it to the constitutive equation of AZ61 alloy.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.140-145
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• 1988

엘립소메츠리를 이용하여 $B^+$ 및 $As^+$ 이온이 주입된 실리콘층의 굴절률과 소멸계수를 도우즈 및 열처리 조건의 함수로 조사하였다. $B^+$ 이온주입된 실리콘의 경우 n은 $10^13$ 도우즈 이상에서 증가하고, k는 도우즈 증가에 따라 단조 증가를 나타내었다. RTA 열처리가 furnace 열처리 보다 결정성 회복이 우수하였으며, 등온 열처리 시 약 30분이상에서 거의 완전하게 재결정됨을 볼 수 있었다. $As^+$ 이온주입의 경우 $10^15$이상에서 복소굴절률의 변화를 나타내었으며, 열처리에 대해 k가 n보다 민감하였다.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.251-267
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• 2008

In this paper, we present a distributed topology control algorithm for constructing an optimized topology having a minimal search-time in unstructured peer-to-peer network. According to the proposed algorithm, each node selects the best nodes having higher hit-ratio than other nodes as many as the number being exponentially proportional to the hit-ratio of the node itself, and then it connects to them. The ensemble behavior of the proposed algorithm is very similar to the recrystrallizing phenomenon that is observed in nature. There is a partial order relationship among the hit-ratios of most nodes of constructed topology. Therefore once query message visits a node, it has a higher hit-ratio than the node that was visited last by the message. The query message even sent from freeloader can escape to the node having high hit-ratio by one hop forwarding, and it never revisits any freeloader again. Thus the search can be completed within a limited search time. We also propose the Chain-reactive search scheme using the constructed topology. Such a controlled multicasting reduces the query messages by 43 percent compared to that of the naive Gnutella using broadcasting, while it saves the search time by 94 percent. The search success rate of the proposed scheme is 99 percent.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.107-117
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• 1997

알루미늄 합금 형단조에서 재결정없이 미세하고 균일한 아결정 조직을 얻으려면 T-'$\varepsilon$ 공간상의 조직상태도에 근거한 제어된 변형조건하에서 열간 가공해야 한다. 균일 변형을 위해서는 다단계 공정 설계가 필수적인데, 각 단계에서 제품의 어느 요소에서나 가공변수의 변화량($\Delta$T,$\Delta$$\varepsilon$,$\Delta$'$\varepsilon$ )이 최소화가 되도록 금형을 정교하게 설계하고 가공변수를 정밀 제어해야 한다. 알루미늄 합금 7175로서 균일 변형 단조를 적용한 결과 균일하고 안정된 아결정 구조를 얻을 수 있었으며, 이는 특히 ST 방향의 연신률을 크게 향상시킨다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.464-471
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• 2003

Among various methods to acquire high strength in plain carbon steel, the mettled of grain refinement by controlling thermo-mechanical processing parameters has gained a great attention if steel rolling industries. In the present study, three different rolling pass schedules are proposed to obtain fine grains which are based on combined results of recrystallization modelling, finite element analysis and experiment. Since meta-dynamic or dynamic recrystallization has been found to be very effective in producing fine grains, reduction ratio and interpass time in the proposed rolling pass schedules were determined in order to invoke such recrystallization as often as possible.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.709-711
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• 2005

최근 음성인식 분야에서는 발화된 음성의 단순한 신호 처리위주의 인식 결과로부터 좀 더 신뢰할 수 있는 결과를 얻기 위하여 여러 가지 후처리 기법들이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 개인 사용자를 위한 음성 명령어 인식 환경에서 사용자의 발화 정보를 후처리에 적용함으로써 사용자 정보를 고려한 음성인식 후처리 기법을 제안한다. 먼저 이전에 사용했던 음성 명령어들로부터 명령어 발화 순차 패턴 규칙을 추출 한 후 사용자가 사전에 발화한 명령어를 바탕으로 구성된 순차 패턴을 비교하여 순차 규칙상 얻어 질 수 있는 단어를 결정한다. 이렇게 얻어진 단어를 고려하여 음성인식기 인식단어 후보들의 확률값을 적절히 보정한 후 최종 인식 단어를 재결정한다. 이러한 과정에서 적절한 보정을 위하여 발화 순차 패턴의 신뢰도와 인식기의 결과단어를 고려한 보정 방법을 제안한다. 실험을 통하여 제안한 후처리를 이용한 음성인식이 HMM을 이용한 기본 음성인식에 비해 오류율을 $15\%$이상 낮추어 인식률에 상당한 기여를 하였음을 확인할 수 있다.